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Device manufacturers, service providers, and enterprises develop and deploy many types of Internet Protocol (IP) phones and other Voice over IP (VoIP)enabled devices. As with other computin devices, such as des!top phones, personal di ital assistants (PDAs), cellular phones, set"top"bo#es, and ateways, users can choose from a broad variety of form factors, feature sets, and user interfaces. $he followin table describes some popular VoIP device types. Table 1. Types of VoIP Devices
%ate ory $ypes of VoIP devices
Des!top
&ost VoIP devices e#ist on an office des!top and have either a te#t or raphical display, such as a two"line '%D screen or a (V)A (touch) screen combined with number and buttons. In eneral, IP screen phones include a broader feature set than phones that do not have a screen. *or e#ample, screen phones may include browsin and instant messa in capabilities. +creen phones are typically more e#pensive, due to additional hardware re,uirements. -ireless VoIP handsets are becomin increasin ly popular. &obile VoIP devices are particularly suited to enterprises where wireless technolo ies, such as ./0.11 networ!s, already e#ist. $here are two sub roups of mobile IP phones2 -ireless local area networ! (-'A3) phones -'A3 phones provide communication capability over -i*i networ!s, such as ./0.11b or ./0.11 . Dual"radio phones Dual"radio phones enable users to roam between various types of networ!s 4for e#ample, between a cellular networ! (such as )lobal +ystem for &obile %ommunications 5)+&6, Personal 7andyphone +ystem 5P7+6, or %ode Division &ultiple Access 5%D&A6) and a -i*i networ! (such as ./0.11b).
&obile
8ase station
+ome VoIP devices are stationary, whereas others combine a mobile VoIP device with a stationary base station. $he base station, or cradle, may provide additional functionality, such as local stora e for voice mail or advanced callin features. $he base station also can be part of a set"top bo#, ateway, or home server. $he base station can even be part of a ame console that either connects IP endpoints to an IP networ! or connects re ular public switched telephone networ! (P+$3) phones to an IP networ! (the latter is an Analo $elephone Adaptor 5A$A6, which translates analo si nals into di ital si nals). VoIP devices, such as IP conferencin phones, can be used for calls between two or more participants or participant roups. %onferencin phones in public places may include security features, such as lo on authentication, that allow access only to specific roups of users. Different callin privile es can be associated with certain roups. *or e#ample, roup A may be allowed to dial international numbers, but roup 8 may not.
%onference room
VoIP devices can be found in locations from private homes and offices to public places, such as hotel lobbies, conference rooms, factory floors, and retail stores. %ertain VoIP devices allow users to switch dynamically between separate phone networ!s. *or e#ample, if a user with a mobile IP phone moves out of ran e of an ./0.11 networ!, the call is automatically switched to the subscriber:s cellular networ!. *i ure 0 shows some of the VoIP devices that are currently available. Video %onferencin $erminal (Atrium)
IP Phone (3etsys) IP Phone with &icrosoft <utloo!= Access (Inter"$el) VoIP )ateway (;eddline +ys.)
Video $V +tation (>$9) VoIP +canner (Intermec) Video %onferencin Phone with 9"&ail (-oo!sun )
&icrosoft= -indows= %9 delivers a robust, real"time client operatin system for embedded devices. It enables device manufacturers, service providers, and enterprises to efficiently and reliably address and resolve these three challen es. -indows %9 includes a broad variety of security and networ! mana ement features that ma!e it easy for service providers and enterprises to deploy and mana e the devices. In addition, -indows %9 includes features such as automatic provisionin that simplify the maintenance of devices, thus savin resources, time, and costs for service providers and enterprises. -ith all the benefits of a proven operatin system for smart, connected, small"footprint devices, -indows %9 provides a rich foundation of capabilities that can help developers and business mana ers meet current and emer in re,uirements for the VoIP client device mar!et.
Also, -indows %9 supports Differentiated +ervices (diffserv) functionality, enablin fle#ibility in terms of ,uality of service ((o+). At the hi hest level, the sample VoIP $AI interacts with the VAI', which provides callin functionality, lo databases, and interfaces (such as access to contact and calendar data on 9#chan e servers and device settin s and provisionin ). As shown in *i ure ?, the core of VAI' is VoIP &ana er, which interacts with the si nalin protocol layer, &edia &ana er, and lo databases. VAI' communicates with networ! protocol layers and runs on a variety of commonly used hardware platforms. %omponents shown in blue bo#es are provided in source code for easy enhancement and modification.
Instant
&
Primary VoIP Telephony 1eat(res $he followin table describes the primary telephony features that ori inal device manufacturers (<D&s), <9&s, service providers, and enterprises can implement in a VoIP"enabled client device. *or a complete list of features, see the VoIP Devices -eb pa e. Table 2. Telephony 1eat(res .vailable in #indo$s C% 3.4
*eature Description
Dial A %all
$he Dial A %all feature allows the system to specify a destination, includin the followin information2 The %.156 phone n(mber of the destination party. A user can dial a telephone number from the number pad e#actly li!e a traditional telephone4for e#ample, 0?F@@@/111. The !IP address of the destination party. A user can dial a +IP address from the number pad or a !eyboard to connect to any +IP device4for e#ample, someoneIe#ample.com. The IP address of a device. A user can enter an IP address by usin a numeric !eypad. It is assumed that JanonymousK is bein called. $he Dial A %all feature can also initiate a call by usin information that is saved from a speed"dialed entry. $his capability applies to redialin entries from lo s of dialed, received, or missed calls that have valid destination formats. $he %aller ID feature enables the user to retrieve information about a callin party by displayin the +IP Aniform ;esource Identifier (A;I) of the incomin callin party. $he Dual $one &ulti *re,uency (D$&*) feature emits an appropriate tone when the user presses the !eys 1 to L, M, or N. $wo streams are emitted2 one to the local audio device of the phone and one to the networ!. $he %all 7old feature has several variations2 !imple hold. $he user can put sin le calls on hold. $he callin party can then be ta!en off hold so that the call can continue. 7old m(ltiple sessions. $he user can put more than one session on hold or can put all sessions on hold. In addition, some third" party implementations support multiple sessions connected at one time. 7old and call. A user of a VoIP phone is in session with one party but wants to call to a second party while !eepin the first party on the other line. $he user can put the first party on hold, place the second call, end the second call, and then ta!e the first party off hold and continue the ori inal session.
%aller ID
%all 7old
%all $ransfer
$he %all $ransfer feature enables the user to transfer call participant
-indows %9 VoIP -hite Paper (http://msdn.microsoft.com/embedded/devplat/voip/) - O
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*eature
Description
A to call participant 8. If participant 8 answers, the initial user is automatically dropped from the call. If participant 8 does not answer 4for e#ample, the line is busy, the phone rin s with no answer, or a circuit is busy4participant A is automatically reconnected to the initial user. %all -aitin $he %all -aitin feature notifies the user of an incomin call durin an on oin call by emittin a rin in tone to the audio device of the phone. -hen a user answers the incomin call, the current call is automatically put on hold. -hen the user ends the session with the second party, he or she is notified of the remainin call with the first party. $he user can then ta!e the first party off hold and continue the ori inal phone session. $he %all *orward feature supports three primary scenarios2 .(tomatic for$ard. Incomin calls are automatically forwarded to a preassi ned destination. 1or$ard on no ans$er. If an incomin call is not answered within a set amount of time (/ to n), the call is forwarded to a preassi ned destination, such as voice mail or an alternative phone number. 1or$ard a rin"in" call. If an incomin call is not answered, it is automatically forwarded to a preassi ned destination.
%all *orward
&icrophone &ute
$he &icrophone &ute feature enables the user to mute the microphone volume (spea!er volume is not muted). %onnected parties cannot hear the user, but the user continues to hear any connected parties. $he Incomin %all +creenin feature enables the user to define specific actions for calls based on %aller ID information. $he user can predefine a screenin list of caller IDs (specific IDs or anonymous calls) and then specify how a call with a particular ID should be processed. $he user can screen the call in two ways2 .(tomatic for$ardin" and a(tomatic bloc8in". %alls can be automatically forwarded or bloc!ed. %alls that rin throu h can be forwarded, answered, rePected, or muted. .(tomatic for$ardin" caller. %alls can be automatically forwarded from anonymous callers or from a caller that has a specified ID to another number or to a voice"mail number.
Volume %han e
$he Volume %han e feature enables the user to view the system volume or chan e the system volume by adPustin the microphone, handset, spea!er, and rin er volumes. $he +et %ustom ;in $one feature enables a VoIP phone user who prefers a nonstandard rin tone to play a wave (.wav) file instead. In addition, the user can associate each caller ID with a uni,ue rin tone.
*eature
Description
$he &issed %all 3otification feature enables the user to view missed incomin calls, includin caller IDs and times of calls. $he Persistent +tora e and %all 'o in feature records all missed, out oin , and incomin calls. $he call records include date and time stamps and a call duration value that the user can review upon re,uest. $he lo includes the phone number and +IP A;I of the caller, in addition to the name or caller ID if that information was available. $his feature also allows the phone to easily support last" number redial and previous"call dialin . $he +peed Dial feature enables the user to confi ure a phone to directly dial a number by pressin a sin le button. $he number of possible speed dial entries depends on the available memory of the device.
+peed Dial
VAI' contains a dedicated interface called the %onfi uration Data +tore, which simplifies the provisionin process and allows remote or automatic provisionin . VAI' provides two optional interfaces for persistent local database stora e2 %all 'o s2 a database that stores all call lo s. $hese records indicate the type, start time, end time, and duration of the call, as well as name and A;I of the remote party. +peed Dial2 a database that stores caller"specific information, such as display name, specialiGed rin tone, bloc!ed status, and forwardin A;I.
Databases
VAI' communicates with the si nalin protocol layer. *re,uently used protocols for VoIP devices are +IP, ;$P, and the interface between a Public +witched $elephone 3etwor! (P+$3) and an IP networ! !nown as the P+$3EInternet (PI3$). +IP enables the development of powerful and sophisticated interfaces, applications, and -eb services that can be customiGed to meet individual and vertical industry re,uirements.
1!
Component
Description $o add si nalin protocols such as 7.?0?, &edia )ateway %ontrol Protocol (&)%P), or &e aco to the protocol layer, an or aniGation can use $elephony Application Pro rammin Interface ($API) or a custom interface. Various standardiGed audio codecs, such as ).O11, ).O00, )lobal +ystem for &obile %ommunications ()+&), and +I;93, are included in the VoIP solution of -indows %9 @./. Audio %ompression &ana er (A%&) allows an application to convert data between different formats. Device manufacturers and service providers can use A%& to add audio codecs as needed. $he -indows %9 solution includes an interface to access2 A lobal address list ()A') %ontact details %alendar information (free, busy)
*i ure @ illustrates plu "in options for the si nalin protocol layer of -indows %9 @./.
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Figure &. ,C- plug*in in"erface V.I/ Component Interactions In the -indows %9 VAI' solution, the confi uration data store provisions the phone throu h 9#tensible &ar!up 'an ua e (B&') or 'i htwei ht Directory Access Protocol ('DAP) by providin the phone:s +IP settin s, dial plan, and associated servers (for e#ample, 9#chan e and presence). VoIP &ana er and %urrent %all <bPects control active calls and call control, such as hold, forward, redirection, conferencin , and +IP re istration. &edia &ana er controls the actual sendin and receivin of the voice data by usin ;$P. $he %all 'o Database lo s any incomin , out oin , and missed calls. $he %aller Info Database is a searchable database of caller"specific information, such as name, phone number, associated speed dial inde#, number for automatic forwardin , status in automatic bloc!in , and specialiGed rin tone. *i ure O shows how the obPects in the -indows %9 VAI' solution interact.
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Table 6. #indo$s C% 3.4 tools and feat(res for VoIP-enabled client devices
$ool or feature Description
&icrosoft offers a rich set of lan ua es for creatin mana ed or unmana ed (native) applications for -indows %9. Device manufactures, service providers, and enterprises can thus use a preferred application framewor! to implement a -indows %9 VoIP solution. *or mana ed code, Visual +tudio .39$ should be usedR for native code, &icrosoft e&bedded Visual %SS = version F./ should be used. $he .39$ %ompact *ramewor! is an embedded development platform for smart devices. It includes support for -eb services that ive developers control over the ranularity of networ! transfers by2 Allowin bac! round prefetches of data. 9nablin an application to a re ate data from different servers. $he .39$ %ompact *ramewor! runs on any processor that is supported by &icrosoft -indows %9 version F./ or later. 8y usin an established platform, device manufacturers, service providers, and enterprises can offer compellin -eb services to differentiate VoIP" enabled client devices in the mar!etplace and enerate new revenue streams.
(ltilin"(al s(pport
-indows %9 includes multilin ual support that is based on &ultilan ua e Aser Interface Pac! (&AI). &AI enables device manufacturers, service providers, and enterprises to chan e the AI lan ua e on a VoIP"enabled device or deploy the AI in multiple lan ua es. -indows %9 comes with a broad variety of networ!in protocols that support2 +hort"ran e wireless data communications (8luetooth). &idran e local area networ!s ('A3s), such as 9thernet (./0.?).
0et$or8 stac8s
-ireless networ!s (./0.11a, ./0.11b, and ./0.11 ). 9thernet support includes 7omeP3A, Di ital +ubscriber 'ine (D+'), and technolo ies that typically emulate 9thernet connections. $he availability of common, standardiGed protocols means that VoIP" enabled devices can be easily inte rated with an infrastructure to ive users access to wired and wireless networ!s.
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$ool or feature
Description
%-tended sec(rity
-indows %9 ma!es important security protocols and features available2 ;42.1- enables authentication and automatic -ired 9,uivalent Privacy (-9P) !ey mana ement for ./0.11. %-tensible .(thentication Protocol +%.P) is a standardiGed support mechanism for authentication schemes such as to!en cards, certificates, and public !eys. <9&s can use 9AP to plu in additional authentication schemes. VP0 thro("h PPTP enables an encrypted connection when a user communicates or e#chan es data with another IP"connected device or remote networ!. Crypto.PI enables data encryption and decryption schemes. !ec(re !oc8ets /ayer +!!/) protocol supports encrypted networ! communications by usin a combination of public !ey and secret !ey technolo y.
!ec(rity !(pport Provider Interface +!!PI) is a well"defined common interface for obtainin inte rated security services for authentication, messa e inte rity, and messa e privacy. -ith the broad ran e of available security features, device manufacturers, service providers, and enterprises can provide solutions to help protect data and the privacy of or aniGations and individuals. Database access and device sharin" -indows %9 includes 'DAP and an API to ,uery Add and ;emove entries in any 'DAP"compliant directory, such as Active Directory in &icrosoft -indows +erverT. 'DAP simplifies the writin of directory applications and is used to access directories that store names, addresses, phone numbers, and other types of identifyin information. In addition, +erver &essa e 8loc! (+&8) and %ommon Internet *ile +ystem (%I*+) enable users to access and manipulate files and directories on remote servers in the same way that they would access a local system. $he inte ration of database access and device sharin features enables device manufacturers, service providers, and enterprises to offer VoIP client devices that use e#istin core information technolo y (I$) infrastructure and device investments, resultin in efficiency and cost benefits. -indows %9 @./ supports four common families of microprocessors and emulation technolo ies2 A;& &IP+ +7
#.H &any silicon vendor partners also provide hardware platforms and
-indows %9 VoIP -hite Paper (http://msdn.microsoft.com/embedded/devplat/voip/) - 1@
$ool or feature
Description
reference desi ns that are optimiGed for -indows %9based VoIP devices. *or a eneral list of supported hardware platforms for -indows %9 @./, visit the +upported Processors -eb site. 8road support of common hardware solutions means that device manufacturers, service providers, and enterprises can fle#ibly choose hardware on which to implement a preferred VoIP client device confi uration. *ser applications -indows %9 @./ includes several !ey user applications4such as -indows &edia Player, Internet 9#plorer H, and -indows &essen er 4that enable device manufacturers, service providers, and enterprises to develop and deploy inte rated, full"feature VoIP devices. -indows %9 @./ contains e#tensible &icrosoft .39$ speech technolo ies that consist of a set of +peech APIs (+APIs), a speech reco nition en ine, and rammar libraries. <9&s and developers can use these technolo ies to build voice"only and multimodal hands"free solutions for environments such as the retail, healthcare, automobile, and ban!in industries, where !eyboards may be impractical. -ith the comprehensive, standards"based .39$ speech solution, device manufacturers, service providers, and enterprises can offer compellin speech reco nition features and services. <r aniGations can improve employee productivity and customer satisfaction by ta!in advanta e of hands"free computin and more people"friendly computers that reco niGe voice responses and offer streamlined access to application controls. Device mana ement capabilities, such as +&+ 0//? and +imple 3etwor! &ana ement Protocol (+3&P), are part of -indows %9. 9nterprises and service providers can use them to securely and remotely mana e VoIP devices.
!peech reco"nition
1&
-indows %9 @./ offers scalable wireless technolo ies and reliable core operatin system services for demandin embedded desi ns. -indows %9 @./ is .39$ enabled for creatin rich personaliGed e#periences, and it comes with an easy"to"use, end"to"end tool set, includin Platform 8uilder and a new Platform -iGard. $he -indows %9 @./ VoIP solution provides ma#imum fle#ibility while reducin time to mar!et and development costs for VoIP"enabled client devices. &ost components of the -indows %9 @./ VoIP solution can be modified or replaced by customiGed solutions. In many instances, easy"to"use plu "in interfaces are already available for developers who want to add or replace components to satisfy specific device and networ! re,uirements. *or more information about the -indows %9 @./ VoIP solution, visit the VoIP Devices -eb pa e.
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!(mmary
&icrosoft= -indows= %9 version @./ provides the functionality to build a broad ran e of Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)enabled devices that have a rich user e#perience, in"demand phone features, and a robust client architecture. A comprehensive set of networ! protocols, security features, and remote mana ement tools are the core buildin bloc!s for inte ratin -indows %9Cbased IP phones and VoIP devices into proprietary or open telephony and information technolo y (I$) infrastructures. -ith the help of the development and mar!etin support that &icrosoft provides, -indows %9 @./ offers a robust platform for device manufacturers, service providers, and enterprises to rapidly develop and deploy VoIP devices.
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<elated /in8s
$he online documentation and conte#t"sensitive 7elp included with &icrosoft= -indows= %9 provide comprehensive bac! round information and instructions for usin -indows %9. $o access the online documentation for -indows %9, includin technical details specifically for &icrosoft -indows %9 version @./, visit the product documentation for -indows %9 on &+D3. *or the latest information about the -indows %9 Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) solution, see the VoIP Devices -eb pa e.
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