Dr.

Loomba Class Notes Prototyping 1

Concept Screening
Objectives
Understand how to cluster and organize the output of
a brainstorming session so it can be presented and
analyzed in a meaningful way analyzed in a meaningful way.
Learn to objectively compare solution concepts
against a need specification to determine which
concepts to pursue.
Sample Concept Map
Prototyping
Objectives
Understand how to approach prototyping and the types of questions it
can help address.
Learn how to think about and translate concepts into functional blocks Learn how to think about and translate concepts into functional blocks
for more efficient and directed prototyping.
Become familiar with prototyping tools and techniques and how to
apply them in different engineering disciplines.
Understand how to use prototyping to create design requirements and
generate high-level specifications related to technical feasibility.
Know how to use the medical product testing continuum to transform a
concept into increasingly advanced prototypes.
Prototype Uses
Learning
answering questions about performance or feasibility
e.g., proof-of-concept model
Communication
demonstration of product for feedback
e.g., 3D physical models of style or function
Integration
combination of sub-systems into system model
e.g., alpha or beta test models
Milestones
goal for development teams schedule
e.g., first testable hardware
Prototyping Strategy
Use prototypes to reduce uncertainty.
Make models with a defined purpose.
Consider multiple forms of prototypes. p p yp
Choose the timing of prototype cycles.
Many early models are used to validate
concepts.
Relatively few comprehensive models are
necessary to test integration.
Plan time to learn from prototype cycles.
Avoid the hardware swamp.
Physical vs. Analytical Prototypes
Physical Prototypes Analytical Prototypes
Tangible approximation of
the product.
May exhibit behavior that
Mathematical model of the product.
Can only exhibit behavior arising
from explicitly modeled phenomena.
has not yet been modeled.
Some behavior may be an
artifact of the approximation.
Often best for
communication
(However, behavior is not always
anticipated.
Some behavior may be an artifact of
the analytical method.
Often allow more experimental
freedom than physical models.
Dr. Loomba Class Notes Prototyping 2
Focused vs. Comprehensive Prototypes
Focused Prototypes Comprehensive
Prototypes
Implement one or a few
attributes of the product
Implement many or all
attributes of the product attributes of the product.
Answer specific
questions about the
product design.
Generally several are
required.
attributes of the product.
Offer opportunities for
rigorous testing.
Often best for milestones
and integration.
Prototyping Is Evolutionary
Medical Product Testing Continuum Sample Isometric Drawing
Sample Cross-Sectional Drawing Sample Orthographic Projection
Dr. Loomba Class Notes Prototyping 3
Sample Computer-Aided Design
Sample EE Block Diagram
Sample EE Circuit Diagram Sample EE System
Final Concept Selection
Objectives
Understand how to use the data gathered to this
point through the medical product innovation
process to effectively evaluate solution concepts.
Recognize how to apply an approach, such as the
Pugh method, and develop a concept selection matrix
to decide on a final concept.
Concept Development Funnel
concept generation
concept screening
concept scoring
concept testing
Dr. Loomba Class Notes Prototyping 4
Concept Selection Process
Prepare the Matrix
Criteria
Reference Concept
Weightings
Rate Concepts
Scale (+ 0) or (15)
f l Compare to Reference Concept or Values
Rank Concepts
Sum Weighted Scores
Combine and Improve
Remove Bad Features
Combine Good Qualities
Select Best Concept
May Be More than One
Beware of Average Concepts
Reflect on the Process
Continuous Improvement
Pugh Concept Selection Method
Sample Mindmap
Concept Selection Example:
Reusable Syringe
Example: Concept Screening
CONCEPT VARIANTS
SELECTION
CRITERIA
A B C D E F G REF.
Ease of Handling 0 0 0 0 0
Ease of Use 0 0 0 + 0 0
Number Readability 0 0 + 0 + 0 + 0
Dose Metering + + + + + 0 + 0 Dose Metering + + + + + 0 + 0
Load Handling 0 0 0 0 0 + 0 0
Manufacturing Ease + 0 0 0 0
Portability + + 0 0
PLUSES 3 2 2 1 2 2 2
SAMES 4 3 1 5 5 2 3
MINUSES 0 2 4 1 0 3 2
NET 3 0 2 0 2 1 0
RANK 1 3 7 5 2 6 4
CONTINUE? Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes
Example: Concept Scoring
Concepts
A DF E G+
Master Cylinder Lever Stop Swash Ring Dial Screw+
Selection Criteria Weight Rating
Weighted
Score Rating
Weighted
Score Rating
Weighted
Score Rating
Weighted
Score
Ease of Handling 5% 3 0.15 3 0.15 4 0.2 4 0.2
Ease of Use 15% 3 0.45 4 0.6 4 0.6 3 0.45
Readability of Settings 10% 2 0 2 3 0 3 5 0 5 5 0 5
(reference)
Readability of Settings 10% 2 0.2 3 0.3 5 0.5 5 0.5
Dose Metering Accuracy 25% 3 0.75 3 0.75 2 0.5 3 0.75
Durability 15% 2 0.3 5 0.75 4 0.6 3 0.45
Ease of Manufacture 20% 3 0.6 3 0.6 2 0.4 2 0.4
Portability 10% 3 0.3 3 0.3 3 0.3 3 0.3
Total Score
Rank
Continue? No Develop No No
2.75
4
3.45
1
3.10
2
3.05
3
Dr. Loomba Class Notes Prototyping 5
Remember
The goal of concept selection is not to
Select the best concept.
The goal of concept selection is to
Develop the best concept.
So remember to combine and refine the
concepts to develop better ones!
Beware of the best "average" product.
Perform concept selection for each different
customer group and compare results.
Caveats
Check sensitivity of selection to the
importance weightings and ratings.
May want to use all of detailed requirements
in final stages of selection.
Note features which can be applied to other
concepts.