Value engineering & sustainable development of LNG Receiving terminal in the LNG supply chain Management

1. Introduction:
Energy, which is one of the focus areas for us, is of paramount importance in the context of environment & sustainable development. Petroleum & natural gas play major role in energy sector of India. LNG Receiving Terminal: Near the end of the supply chain is the receiving terminal. The key components of the proposed LNG terminal, including marine jetty facilities for unloading LNG, special tanks for LNG storage, process equipment for the regasification of LNG, utilities and other infrastructure, are depicted in the process overview

Fig: LNG Supply chain

2. Significance & needs of the study:

Since 1996 with the start-up of the Black Point Power Station, natural gas has been an important component of CAPCO's fuel supply. Likewise Natural gas has delivered environmental benefits as well as added diversity to the mix of fuels used for electricity generation, thereby enhancing the security of electricity production. Key issues governing sustainable development of regasification plant: The LNG unloading terminals are controlled by the chief or host consumer i.e it is a Captive facility. LNG receiving facility is owned by the LNG importer but the gas transportation pipeline is owned by a different entity What if i. The LNG receiving facility ii. LNG Importer iii. Gas transporters & iv. Final consumer; all 4 are different bodies.

 Factors considered for locating LNG: i. Water depth of channel to jetty & potential of silting ii. Availability of reasonably priced large industrial tracts ear deep water. iii. Availability of ROWs (if any) iv. Proximity & site accessibility towards market.

3. Technical composition of LNG unloading & regasification terminal:

Detail Component study & their impact on overall downstream activities:
Jetty structure, trestle structure, LNG Loading wharf, loading arms, Main plant: Steam turbine generator, Ammonia compressor, Liquefaction system, Gas pre-treatment system, Dehydration, Ammonia condenser, HV Room & FAR, lv room, BOG Compressor, MR Coolers, Flare & knockout drum Additional amenities & infrastructure required

4. Objective of the study:

i. ii. iii. iv. Value engineering of LNG Receiving terminal as predecessor of Hydrocarbon vision 2025 Liquefaction VS Regasification: A circumstantial/Contextual analogy in India Sustainable development reforms in LNG unloading terminal as well as supply chain management Innovative design & financial solution for fixed offshore LNG regasification terminals

5. Methodology of the study:

i. ii. iii. iv. Literature study & data collection from the published materials Websites related to LNG & government /ministry of power Case study of various LNG unloading terminals. Presentations of technicians, core industry experts & guides inputs.

6. Case studies: Two Indian LNG terminals (either of 3 Dabhol, Dahej or Hazira terminal)&
two International projects Demonstrate a Contrast between O & M, and their respective business models. (Equity participation & JVs)

7. Schematics & 3d Model of LNG Receiving terminal:

Turbo ammonia device

MR Cooler

LNG Plant view

LNG Storage tank

3d model to be simulated as samples shown above (In relevant software)

8. Scope & limitation:

Since supply chain management of LNG Is an enormous field by itself, hence i. ii. Time & lack of live case studies would constrain the in depth technical evaluation of the project The study in Indian context would restrict us to only one component of the LNG supply chain i.e. the Receiving/Regasification terminal. The 3d model/Simulation would be restricted to schematics only.

iii.

9. Government policies, acts, regulation, reforms & guidelines:

A brief up of Hydrocarbon vision 2025 Integrated Energy Policies with special reference to LNG. Case study of policies of GAIL & ONGC

10. Market analysis of Down streaming w.r.t to LNG Receiving terminal:

Prerequisites of successful carry over: Construction & respective facilities to be developed on back to back basis Decide upon; Conditions precedent, delivery rates, Force majeure, damages etc. Integrated project document/agreements & Insurance polices Innovative methods of financing Gas transmission agreements etc. LNG Sale & purchase agreements: overview & impact on regasification plant & facilities Downstream project documents like: i. Time charter ii. LNG Tolling service agreements iii. Gas sales agreements etc.

11. Scheme of the study:

Chapter-1.Introduction to LNG Supply chain Chapter-2.Brief introduction of LNG Receiving/Regasification terminal Chapter 3: Significance & needs of the study Chapter-4.Design Composition of Upstream LNG unloading units Chapter-5.Objectives & methodology of study Chapter-6: Case studies Chapter-7: 3d Model of LNG Receiving terminal Chapter-8: Scope of study Chapter-9: Government policies: Indian scenario Chapter-10: Market analysis Chapter-11: Bibliography

12. Bibliography:
-Internet sources, Books, Web links, Expert comments, Government gazettes etc. **Note: Bibliography to be mentioned as the long paper research work progress