B.Sc.

Biotechnology Semester II BBT 213: Cell Biology Total 45 L

Cell General structure of eukaryotic cell (plant and animal), cell organelles nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, chloroplast and plant cell wall; structure and function of different organelles, comparison between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structure. Types of cells (neurons, RBC and muscle cells) and their functions. Cell membrane Components of membrane, structure (fluid mosaic model), properties and functions of membrane. Membrane of strict anaerobes (methanogens). Function of lungs as membranous bags. Transport across the membrane Passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport (primary and secondary). Structure, function and significance of Na+ / K+ ATPase and Ca+ ATPase; Ion channels leak channels, gated channels voltage gated and ligand gated channels. Ionophores, phosphotransferase system, transport antibiotics. Endocytosis and exocytosis , receptor mediated endocytosis , clathrin coat, cholesterol transport and familial hypercholesterolemia. Cytoskeleton Actin filaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules, their structure, organization and functions, its polar nature, assembly and disassembly, regulators and role in cellular activities, tread milling. Muscle contraction, relevance of microtubules in anticancer treatment. Cell cycle and cell division Cell cycle: steps and regulation. Cell division mechanism of cell division, mitosis and meiosis, significance and comparison between two nuclear divisions. Cell cell interaction Tight junctions, gap junctions, desmosomes and extracellular matrix. Significance in neural transmission. Cell signaling Signal molecules, receptors and mechanism of signal transduction. Cell death Mechanism of apoptosis, its failure leading to cancer development, necrosis. References 1. Molecular Biology of the Cell, Alberts, B., Johnson, A., Lewis, J., Raff, K., Roberts, K. and Walter, P., Garland Science, Taylor and Fransis Group, New York, USA (2002).

6L

4L

8L

6L

6L

6 7 8

4L 6L 5L

2. Biochemistry, Berg, J. M., Tymoczko, J. L. and Stryer, L. W. H. Freeman & Co., New York (2003). 3. The Cell: A Molecular Approach, Cooper, G. M. and Hausman, R. ASM Press, Wahigton, USA (2004). 4. Cell and Molecular Biology, Karp, G., John Wiley & Sons Inc., New Jersey (2005).