3

15

I
La population

Le pool gntique

2
1.2

Le pool ggntique

2.2
2

1/11

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n]a[=3 ] a[

n]A[=11 ] A[

f([A]) = n([A])/N = 11/14 = 0,785

f([a]) = n([a])/N = 3/14 = 0,215

n(AA)=6 AA

n(Aa)=5 Aa

n(aa)=3 aa

f(AA) = D = n(AA)/N = 6/14 = 0,428

f(Aa) = H = n(Aa)/N = 5/14 = 0,357
f(aa) = R = n(aa)/N = 3/14 = 0,215
D+H+R = 0,428 + 0,357 + 0,215 = 1

3
A a 1

A
f(A) = p
f(A) = ( n(Aa)+ 2n(AA))/2N = n(Aa) /2N + 2n(AA) /2N
= ( n(Aa) /N ) /2 + n(AA) /N
q = H /2 + D
p = 0,357/2 + 0,428 = 0,621

a
f(a) = q
f(a) = ( n(Aa)+ 2n(aa))/2N = n(Aa) /2N + 2n(aa) /2N
= ( n(Aa) /N ) /2 + n(aa) /N
P = H/2 + R
p = 0,357/2 + 0,215= 0,378
p+q = H/2 + D + H/2 + R = D + H + R = 1

Hardy-Weinberg
H-W

3
1.3

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2/11

H-W
G1

2.3
H-W

a A (N)
: G0
f(a) = q a f(A) = p A

f(aa)=R f(Aa)=H f(AA)=D

G0

G1
2
f(AA) = p
f(Aa) = 2pq
2
f(aa) = q
2
2
2
f(AA) + f(Aa) + f(aa) = p + 2pq +q = (p+q) = 1

G1
2

f(A) = f(AA) + 1/2 f(Aa) = p + 2pq/2 = p(p+q)

f(A) = p

p+q=1
2

f(a) = f(aa) + 1/2 f(Aa) = q + 2pq/2 = q(q+p)

f(a) = q

p+q=1

H-W
(p + q)
q

f(AA) = n[AA]/N = p
f(Aa) = n[Aa]/N = 2pq
2
f(aa) = n[aa]/N = q

4
6

f(aa) = 1/4 = 0,25

f(Aa) = 2/4 = 0, 5

f(AA) = 1/4 = 0,25

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p = q = 0,5

3/11

H-W

II

X2

2
7

f(AA) = n[AA]/N = p
f(Aa) = n[Aa]/N = 2pq
2
f(aa) = n[aa]/N = q

n[AA] = N x p
n[Aa] = N x 2pq
2
n[aa] = N x q

H-W

2
1.2

Shorthorn
423 RR

342

Shorthorn
R'R'

144 R'R
1
2
3

RR RR RR
N = 342 + 423 + 144 = 909

f(RR) = n(RR)/N = 342/909 = 0,376

f(RR) = n(RR)/N = 423/909 = 0,465
f(RR) = n(RR)/N = 144/909 = 0,158

f(R) = p = f(RR) + f(RR)/2 = 0,376 + 0,456/2 = 0,604

f(R)= q = f(RR) + f(RR)/2 = 0,158 + 0,456/2 = 0,396
X

n
n(RR) = 342

, n(RR) = 432
2

, n(RR) = 144

n'(RR) = p xN = 0,604 x909 = 331 , n(RR) = 2pqxN = 0,604x0,396x909 = 434 , n(RR) = q xN = 0,396 x909 = 142

= (342 331) /331 + (423 434) /434 + (144 142) /142

X = 0,325 + 0,278 + 0,028 = 0,631
2

3,841
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4/11

2.2

1
9

Rhsus
d D

[Rh+]

Rh
[ Rh+ ]

[ Rh-]

230

400

1976
1

(D//d)

1
q
d//d

170

[ Rh-]

f(dd) = n(dd)/N = 170/400 = 0,425

2

f(dd) = q = 0,425
q = 0,425 = 0,652
p
p = 1 0,652 = 0,348

p=1q

p+q=1

D//d

f(Dd) = 2pq = 2x0,652x0,348 = 0,453

n(Dd) = f(Dd) x N = 0,453 x 400 = 181

f(Dd) = n(Dd)/N

n(Dd)

H-W

D//d

2
10

m //m

m // m

1
m
-

f(m m )
-

f(m m ) = n(m m )/N = 1/ 3000

f(m m ) = 0,00033

m // m
-

f(m ) = q = 0,00033 = 0,018

f(m m ) = q = 0,00033

3
H-W

f(m ) = p = 1 q = 1 0,018 = 0,982

f(m+m-) = 2 pq = 2x0,018x0,982 = 0,035

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5/11

H-W
11

H-W
G0

G0+1

Xs (p)
XsXw (pq)
XsXs (p2)

Y
w
X Y (q)
XsY (p)

Xw (q)
XwXw (q2)
XsXw (pq)

X (q)
Xs (p)
H/W

3
(G0+1)

f(X Y) = q
S w

w w

f (X X ) = 2pq

f (X Y) = p
2

s s

f(X X ) = q

f (X X ) = p

A
A

f(X Y) = p
A A

A a

f(X X ) + f(X X ) = p + 2pq

a
a

f(X Y) = q
a a

f(X X ) = q
2

(q <q

q<1

III
1

Les mutations
1.1

12

: 1
: 2

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1
6/11

2.1
13

-9

10

-4

10

La slection naturelle

2
1.2

2.2
14

15

: 1

.................................................
: 2

................................................

7/11

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3.2
16

f(g) =

1928

1968

g
f(G) = 0,95

0,05

42
17

:


n(phnotypG1)/n(phnotypG0)

La drive gntique

3
13

18

f[A]=0
f[a]=1
f[A]=0,2
f[a]=0,8
f[A]=0,9
f[a]=0,1
f[A]=1
f[a]=0
f[A]=0,5
f[a]=0,5

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8/11

O A
(40%)

23
19

a
a

f(a)=1

a
a

Les migrations

4
14

20

R0

24

21

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9/11

(m)
m = n/(n + N)
n
N

A
f(A) = p = (1 m)p + mp0
m
A

p0

f(A) = p = (1 0,33)x0,28 + 0,33x0,67

p = 0,41
f(a) = q = 1 p = 1 0,41 = 0,59
a

22

a
a

Espce

IV
1
11

22

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10/11

Physiologie

21

Gntique
ADN

31

ADN

23

Lactose D.

H-W

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11/11