CIRCUIT BREAKER INDIA

POWER GRID CORPORATION OF

PROJECT REPORT ON

CIRCUIT BREAKER
SUBMITTED BY

N.RAJESH KUMAR DIPLOMA TRAINEE EMP.NO: 60090

PROJECT GUIDE

M.DHAYALAN SENIOR ENGINEER

CIRCUIT BREAKER INDIA

POWER GRID CORPORATION OF

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this project work entitled CIRCUIT BREAKER was done by Shri .N RAJESHKUMAR Emp. No. Diploma 60090 for the requirement of the final appraisal of the durin# the year $%%&'$%%()

Trainee(Electrical) under Power Grid Corporation of ndia !imited"

CIRCUIT BREAKER INDIA

POWER GRID CORPORATION OF

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First of all I express sincere thanks to Mr. D.G. SOHONY, EXECUTI E DIRECTOR ,Mr. N. SHANKAR, DEPUTY GENERAL MANAGER of SRTS-II , an!alore" I a# inesti#a$l% thankf&l an' express #% real !ratit&'e to (a'&rai station in-char!e Mr. S!"#$ K T%&'(), CM )itho&t )ho# $ene*olent !&i'ance an' concrete a'*ice, this pro+ect )o&l' not ha*e seen the li!ht of the 'a%" I hol' hi# in respectf&l a)e" I )o&l' like to express #% !ratit&'e to Mr). G. S("*%#+(, CM (a'&rai S,S )itho&t )hose !&i'ance it )o&l' ha*e $een extre#el% 'iffic&lt to !rasp an' *is&ali-e the pro+ect theoreticall%"

CIRCUIT BREAKER INDIA

POWER GRID CORPORATION OF

I )o&l' also like to thank Mr. M. D%(+($(", Sr" En!ineer, for their technical !&i'ance an' s&pport" .ast an' certainl% not the least, this ackno)le'!e#ent )o&l' $e inco#plete )itho&t the #ention of #% collea!&es for their *al&a$le assistance" Thankfully, N.RAJESHKUMAR

INDEX
/" I0TRODUCTIO0 1" C.2SSIFIC2TIO0 OF CIRCUIT RE23ER 4" GE0ER2. RE5UIRE(E0TS OF 67738 C 6" 67738 :E. SF; CIRCUIT RE23ER a< TEC:0IC2. D2T2 $< P2RTS OF C =" 2RE82 67738 SF; CIRCUIT RE23ER ;" PROTECTIO0 OF CIRCUIT RE23ER >" 67738 :E. C F2I.URE REPORT ?" PRE8E0TI8E (2I0TE020CE SC:EDU.E FOR C 9" PROPERTIES OF SF; G2S /7" 0ECESSIT@ OF PRECO((ISSIO0I0G TEST //" PRECO((ISSIO0I0G TEST O0 CIRCUIT RE23ER a< D@02(IC CO0T2CT RESIST20CE (E2SURE(E0T $< ST2TIC CO0T2CT RESIST20CE (E2SURE(E0T c< T20 DE.T2 20D C2P2CITE0CE (E2SURE(E0T '< I0SU.2TIO0 RESIST20CE (E2SURE(E0T /7 /4 1/ 1= 1; 19 41 44 4= 4= 67 61 66 / 4 9

CIRCUIT BREAKER INDIA

POWER GRID CORPORATION OF

e< OPER2TIO02. TI(I0G (E2SURE(E0T f< DEA POI0T (E2SURE(E0T OF SF; G2S !< OPER2TIO02. .OC3OUT C:EC3I0G h< COI. RESIST20CE (E2SURE(E0T I< PO.E DESCREP20C@ RE.2@ TESTI0G J< (I0I(U( PIC3UP 8O.T2GE TEST k< PRECO((ISSIO0I0G C:EC3S /1" 2CCEPT2 .E, PER(ISSI .E .I(ITS OF 67738 C /4" CO0C.USIO0 /6" I .IOGR2P:@

6= 6? 69 =1 =1 =4 == => =? =9

,. INTRODUCTION
The circ&it $reaker is an a$sol&tel% essential 'e*ice in the #o'ern )orl', an' one of the #ost i#portant safet% #echanis#s in o&r trans#ission s%ste#" It protect all o&r eB&ip#ents in o&r s&$station '&rin! fa&lt% con'itions" 2 circ&it $reaker is an a&to#aticall%-operate' electrical s)itch 'esi!ne' to protect an electrical circ&its fro# 'a#a!e ca&se' $% o*erloa' or short circ&it" Unlike a f&se, )hich operates once an' then has to $e replace', a circ&it $reaker can $e reset Ceither #an&all% or a&to#aticall%< to res&#e nor#al operation" The circ&it $reaker #&st 'etect a fa&lt con'itionD in lo)-*olta!e circ&it $reakers this is &s&all% 'one )ithin the $reaker enclos&re" Circ&it $reakers for lar!e c&rrents or hi!h *olta!es are &s&all% arran!e' )ith pilot 'e*ice to sense a fa&lt c&rrent an' to operate the trip openin! #echanis#" The trip solenoi' that releases the latch is &s&all% ener!i-e' $% a separate $atter%, altho&!h so#e hi!h-*olta!e circ&it $reakers are self-containe' )ith c&rrent transfor#ers, protection rela%s, an' an internal control po)er so&rce" Once a fa&lt is 'etecte', contacts )ithin the circ&it $reaker #&st open to interr&pt the circ&itD so#e #echanicall% store' ener!% )ithin the $reaker is &se' to

CIRCUIT BREAKER INDIA

POWER GRID CORPORATION OF

separate the contacts, altho&!h so#e of the ener!% reB&ire' #a% $e o$taine' fro# the fa&lt c&rrent itself" The store' ener!% #a% $e in the for# of sprin!s or co#presse' air an' co#presse' oil" S#all circ&it $reakers #a% $e #an&all% operate'" &t in o&r hi!h *olta!e s%ste# ha*e solenoi's to trip the #echanis#, an' electric #otors to restore ener!% to the sprin!s if it is a sprin! operate' circ&it $reaker" The circ&it $reaker contacts #&st carr% the loa' c&rrent )itho&t excessi*e heatin!, an' #&st also )ithstan' the heat of the arc pro'&ce' )hen interr&ptin! the circ&it" Contacts are #a'e of copper or copper allo%s, sil*er allo%s, an' other #aterials" Ser*ice life of the contacts is li#ite' $% the erosion '&e to interr&ptin! the arc" (iniat&re circ&it $reakers are &s&all% 'iscar'e' )hen the contacts are )orn, $&t po)er circ&it $reakers an' hi!h-*olta!e circ&it $reakers ha*e replacea$le contacts"
/

Ahen a c&rrent is interr&pte', an arc is !enerate' - this arc #&st $e containe', coole', an' extin!&ishe' in a controlle' )a%, so that the !ap $et)een the contacts can a!ain )ithstan' the *olta!e in the circ&it" Different circ&it $reakers &se *ac&&#, air, ins&latin! !as, or oil as the arc B&enchin! #e'i&#"

Short circuit current

Circ&it $reakers are rate' $oth $% the nor#al c&rrent that are expecte' to carr%, an' the #axi#&# short-circ&it c&rrent that the% can safel% interr&p t. Un'er short-circ&it con'itions, a c&rrent #an% ti#es !reater than nor#al can exist Csee #axi#&# prospecti*e short circ&it c&rrent<" Ahen electrical contacts open to interr&pt a lar!e c&rrent, there is a ten'enc% for an arc to for# $et)een the opene' contacts, )hich )o&l' allo) the c&rrent to contin&e" Therefore, circ&it $reakers #&st incorporate *ario&s feat&res to 'i*i'e an' extin!&ish the arc"

CIRCUIT BREAKER INDIA

POWER GRID CORPORATION OF

(an% 'ifferent classifications of circ&it $reakers can $e #a'e, $ase' on their feat&res s&ch as *olta!e class, constr&ction t%pe, interr&ptin! t%pe, an' str&ct&ral feat&res"

-. CLASSIFICATION OF CIRCUIT BREAKER

BASED ON THE OLTAGE CLASS
/" .OA 8O.T2GE CIRCUIT RE23ER C.8C < 1" (EDIU( 8O.T2GE CIRCUIT RE23ER C(8C < 4" :IG: 8O.T2GE CIRCUIT RE23ER C:8C <

BASED ON THE CONSTRUCTION TYPE

/" (ET2. C.2D CIRCUIT RE23ER C(CC < 1" PORCE.2I0 C.2D CIRCUIT RE23ER CPCC <

BASED ON THE INTERRUPTING TYPE

/" OI. CIRCUIT RE23ER COC < 1" U.3 OI. CIRCUIT RE23ER C OC <

CIRCUIT BREAKER INDIA

POWER GRID CORPORATION OF

4" (I0I(U( OI. CIRCUIT RE23ER C(OC < 6" 2IR CIRCUIT RE23ER C2C < =" 2IR .2ST CIRCUIT RE23ER C2 C < ;" 82CUU( CIRCUIT RE23ER C8C < >" SF; G2S CIRCUIT RE23ER CSF; C <

BASED ON THE OPERATING MECHANISM

/" :@DR2U.IC (EC:20IS( 1" P0EU(2TIC (EC:20IS( 4" SPRI0G OPER2TI0G (EC:20IS( 6" P2RTI2. SPRI0G 20D P0EU(2TIC (EC:20IS(

Circ&it reaker is classifie' $ase' on the trip operatin! #echanis# are as follo)s" /" Ther#al circ&it $reakers 1" (a!netic circ&it $reakers" 4" Ther#al,#a!netic circ&it $reaker"
4

T%.r'($ C#r/!#* Br.(0.r): In this 'e*ice, the c&rrent flo)s thro&!h the $i-#etal strip" The $i-#etal strip is #a'e of t)o 'ifferent t%pes of #etal )hich ha*e 'ifferent coefficients of expansion" This #eans that one )ill expan' #ore than the other )hen the rise in te#perat&re is the sa#e for $oth pieces" In this case, the t)o #etals are $on'e' to each other" Ahen the strip heats &p fro# the c&rrent flo) thro&!h it, one t%pe of #etal expan's #ore than the other" In this case, the one #etal expan's #ore than the other an' the strip ten's to $en' &p)ar' an' 'isconnect the contacts" The #etal starts to $en' as the c&rrent increases" Ahen the te#perat&re reaches a !i*en point, the piece )ill snap into the open position an' the c&rrent flo) )ill stop" The $i-#etal strip is sta#pe' into a special shape )hich ca&ses the EsnapE action" This )ill ass&re that there is EIT:ER a soli' connection OR a co#plete 'isconnect M(1".*#/ C#r/!#* Br.(0.r):

CIRCUIT BREAKER INDIA

POWER GRID CORPORATION OF

So#e circ&it $reakers &se a #a!netic act&ator to trip the circ&it" In this t%pe of $reaker, the c&rrent flo) thro&!h the electrical 'e*ice Ca#p, fo! li!hts"""< passes thro&!h an electro#a!netic act&ator" Ahen the c&rrent flo) reaches a preset le*el C'eter#ine' $% the c&rrent ratin! of the $reaker<, the #a!netic fiel' in the electro#a!net is stron! eno&!h to trip the $reaker an' allo) the contacts to open" This t%pe of $reaker !enerall% has to $e #an&all% reset" 2 )ell 'esi!ne' E#a!neticall%E act&ate' circ&it $reaker can operate *er% B&ickl% Cpossi$l% as fast as or faster than a f&se of eB&al c&rrent ratin!<" T%.r'($2M(1".*#/ Br.(0.r): So#e $reakers &se $oth ther#al an' #a!netic trip f&nctions" The #a!netic f&nction )orks the sa#e as the pre*io&s explanation" The ther#al part f&nctions a little 'ifferentl% than the pre*io&s exa#ple" In the co#$ination $reaker, the $i-#etal strip is #ore likel% to $e &se' to trip the $reaker internall% C$% trippin! the latch< instea' of p&llin! the contacts apart )hen heate'"
6

BASED ON OLTAGE CLASS F

LOW OLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKERS: This circ&it $reaker is &se' for lo) *olta!e application onl%" It is ha*in! the *olta!e ratin!s fro# 1=7 to ;77 8 2C an' 1=7 to >77 8 DC" MEDIUM OLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKERS: These $reakers are &se' for #e'i&# *olta!e rate' &p to >1"= k8" 20SI or IEC is nor#all% the !o*ernin! stan'ar' for #e'i&# *olta!e circ&it po)er $reakers" 20SI is associate' )ith U"S" stan'ar's an' IEC is associate' )ith international stan'ar's" HIGH OLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER:

CIRCUIT BREAKER INDIA

POWER GRID CORPORATION OF

This is &se' in the hi!h *olta!e s%ste# like &s" It sho&l' )ithstan' that #&ch *olta!e" Ratin!s of this $reaker is a$o*e >1"= 38 CIRCUIT BREAKER BASED ON ARC 3UENCHING MEDIUM : /4 AIR CIRCUIT BREAKER: 2ir at at#ospheric press&re is &tili-e' for 2rc extinction" Use' for lo) an' #e'i&# *olta!es of 2C G DC in'&strial circ&it $reakers" 14 MINIATURE CIRCUIT BREAKER : 2ir at at#ospheric press&re is &tili-e' for 2rc extinction" Use' for lo) an' #e'i&# *olta!es"

44 BULK OIL CIRCUIT BREAKER : Dielectric oil is &se' for 2rc extinction" Use' &pto /1 3* 64 MINIMUM OIL CIRCUIT BREAKER : Dielectric oil is &se' for 2rc extinction" Use' for #etal enclose' s)itch !ear &pto 4; 3* or o&t 'oor t%pe $et)een 4;k* - 16=3*"

CIRCUIT BREAKER INDIA

POWER GRID CORPORATION OF

=4 ACUUM CIRCUIT BREAKER : The fixe' an' #o*in! contacts are ho&se' insi'e a per#anentl% seale' *ac&&# interr&pter" The arc is B&enche' as the contacts are separatel% in hi!h *ac&&#" Use' for a *ariet% of application fro# 4"; 3* to 4; 3*"

;< AIR BLAST CIRCUIT BREAKER : Co#presse' air C17-47 k!,sB c# < &se' for 2rc extinction" Use' for all E:8 applications" >< SF6 CIRCUIT BREAKER : SF; !as &se' for 2rc extinction" Use' for all E:8 applications"

5. GENERAL RE3UIREMENTS OF 600K CIRCUIT BREAKER

OPERATING MECHANISM AND CONTROL
/" Circ&it $reaker shall $e operate' $% pne&#atic #echanis# or sprin! char!e' #echanis# or h%'ra&lic #echanis# or a co#$ination of these" The #echanis# shall $e ho&se' in a )eather proof an' '&st proof control ca$inet"

CIRCUIT BREAKER INDIA

POWER GRID CORPORATION OF

1" The operatin! #echanis# shall $e stron!, ri!i', not s&$+ect to re$o&n' an' shall $e rea'il% accessi$le for #aintenance for a #an stan'in! on !ro&n'" 4" The #echanis# shall $e anti p&#pin! an' trip free &n'er e*er% #etho' of closin!" 6" The #echanis# shall $e s&ch that the fail&re of an% a&xiliar% sprin! )ill not pre*ent trippin! an' )ill not ca&se trip or closin! operation of the po)er operatin! 'e*ices" =" 2 #echanical in'icator shall $e pro*i'e' to sho) open an' close position of the $reaker" It shall $e locate' in a position )here it )ill $e *isi$le to a #an stan'in! on the !ro&n' le*el )ith the #echanis# ho&sin! close'" 2n operation co&nter shall also $e pro*i'e' in the central control ca$inet" ;" Aorkin! parts of the #echanis# shall $e corrosion resistin! #aterial, $earin!s )hich reB&ire !rease shall $e eB&ippe' )ith press&re t%pe !rease fittin!s" earin! pin, $olts, n&ts an' other parts shall $e a'eB&atel% pinne' or locke' to pre*ent loosenin! or chan!in! a'+&st#ent )ith repeate' operation of the $reaker" >" The $i''er shall f&rnish 'etaile' operation an' #aintenance #an&al of the #echanis# alon! )ith the operation #an&al for the circ&it $reaker" The instr&ction #an&als shall contain explo'e' 'ia!ra#s )ith co#plete stora!e, han'lin! an' erection, co##issionin!, tro&$leshootin!,
>

ser*icin! an' o*erha&lin! instr&ctions"

CONTROL SYSTEM:
/" The close an' trip circ&its shall $e 'esi!ne' to per#it &se of #o#entar% contact s)itches an' p&sh $&ttons" 1" Each $reaker pole shall $e pro*i'e' )ith t)o C1< in'epen'ent trippin! circ&its, press&res s)itches an' coils each connecte' to a 'ifferent set of protecti*e rela%s" 4" The $reaker shall nor#all% $e operate' $% re#ote electrical control"" :o)e*er, pro*isions shall $e #a'e for local electrical control" For this

CIRCUIT BREAKER INDIA

POWER GRID CORPORATION OF

p&rpose a local,re#ote selector s)itch an' close an' trip control s)itch,p&sh $&ttons shall $e pro*i'e' in the ca$inet" 6" The trip coils shall $e s&ita$le for trip circ&it s&per*ision '&rin! $oth open an' close position of $reaker" The trip circ&it s&per*ision rela% )o&l' $e pro*i'e' on rela% panels" =" Closin! coil an' associate' circ&its shall operate correctl% at all *al&es of *olta!e $et)een ?=H an' //7H of the rate' *olta!e" Sh&nt trip coil an' associate' circ&its shall operate correctl% &n'er all operatin! con'itions of the Circ&it $reaker &pto the rate' $reakin! capacit% of the circ&it $reaker an' at all *al&es of s&ppl% *olta!e $et)een >7H an' //7H of rate' *olta!e" ;" :o)e*er, e*en at =7H of rate' *olta!e the $reaker shall $e a$le to operate" If a''itional ele#ents are intro'&ce' in the trip coil circ&it their s&ccessf&l operation an' relia$ilit% for si#ilar applications on o&t'oor circ&it $reakers shall $e clearl% $ro&!ht o&t in the a''itional infor#ation sche'&les" >" Separate contacts ha*e to $e &se' for each of trippin! an' closin! circ&its" If contacts are not s&ita$l% rate' an' #&ltipl%in! rela%s are &se' then fail safe lo!ic,sche#es are to $e e#plo%e'" ?" DC s&pplies for all a&xiliar% circ&its shall $e #onitore' an' pro*ision shall $e #a'e for re#ote ann&nciations an' operation locko&t in case of D"C" fail&res"
?

reaker central control

9" Densit% #onitors are to $e so #o&nte' that the contacts 'o not chan!e on *i$ration '&rin! operation of circ&it reaker" /7" The a&xiliar% s)itch of the $reaker shall $e positi*el% 'ri*en $% the $reaker operatin! ro'" //" The preferre' $asic control sche#atic of the Circ&it $reaker is enclose' )ith the $i' 'oc&#ents an' it is expecte' to $e follo)e' $% the $i''er" This, ho)e*er, 'oes not a$sol*e the $i''er fro# the responsi$ilit% for safe an' relia$le operation of the $reaker in its lifeti#e"

CIRCUIT BREAKER INDIA

POWER GRID CORPORATION OF

600 K SYSTEM CIRCUIT BREAKER In o&r 67738 s%ste# interr&ptin! t%pe is SF; !as circ&it $reaker" In o&r s%ste# operatin! s%ste# is :%'ra&lic operatin! s%ste#, Pne&#atic operatin! s%ste#, sprin! operatin! s%ste#, co#$ination of sprin! operatin! s%ste# G Pne&#atic operatin! s%ste#" SL.NO / 1 4 6 OPERATING SYSTEM :@DR2U.IC S@STE( BREAKER MAKE :E.C harat :ea*% Electricals

.i#ite'< P0EU(2TIC S@STE( 2 C 2SE20 ROA0 O8ERI< SPRI0G OPER2TI0G 2RE82 S@STE( CO( I02TIO0 OF SPRI0G G CG.C Cro#pton Grea*es .i#ite'< P0EU(2TIC S@STE( :ere I )o&l' like to explain a$o&t the h%'ra&lic operate' $reaker" :E. circ&it

4.400 KV BHEL SF6 CIRCUIT BREAKER

The technical 'etails of the 67738 :E. SF; circ&it $reaker C42T-1< are as follo)s"

TECHNICAL DATAF
Rate' *olta!e Rate' i#p&lse )ithstan' *olta!e 617 38 /61= 38p

Rate' po)er freB&enc% =17-;/7 38 )ithstan' *olta!e per #in&te Rate' freB&enc% =7 :I

CIRCUIT BREAKER INDIA

POWER GRID CORPORATION OF

Rate' nor#al c&rrent Rate' short circ&it c&rrent Rate' short circ&it '&ration D&t% C%cle

4/=72 6732 / Sec O- 7"4 sec -CO - 4 #in - CO

OPERATING TIMINGS
Closin! ti#e Openin! ti#e 2rcin! ti#e PIR insertion ti#e /77 #s C#ax< 11 #s C#ax< /? #s C#ax< ?-/7 #s C#ax<

ARC 3UENCHING MEDIUM

0o#inal press&re at 17Jc .oss of SF; !as General locko&t >"= $ar ;"> $ar ;"= $ar

(ini#&# SF; !as press&re for 6"= $ar no-loa' operation Aei!ht of !as per $reaker =>"= k!
/7

ELECTRO HYDRAULIC OPERATING MECHANISM

8ol&#e of acc&#&lator 5&antit% of oil per pole 0itro!en press&re at 17Jc Press&re ran!e 1? '#K4 1/ liters 177 $ar 1=7-4=7 $ar

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POWER GRID CORPORATION OF

HYDRAULIC PRESSURE MONITORING

Settin! of press&re relief *al*e P&#p O0 P&#p OFF 2&to reclose locko&t Closin! locko&t General locko&t 4=7L4= $ar 4/4M4 $ar 41=M4 $ar 474M4 $ar 1>4M4 $ar 1=4M4 $ar

PRESSURE DROP7 RECHARGING TIME

Initial press&re C$ar< 4/7 4/7 4/7 4/7 O C CO OCO Operation Final press&re C$ar< 19= 471 1?= 1>7 Rechar!in! ti#e Csec< =7 1= >= /17

400 KV BHEL CIRCUIT BREAKER

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POWER GRID CORPORATION OF

Fig.1 400 KV BHEL SF6 CIRCUIT BREAKER (3AT-2) 12

PARTS OF 600K SF6 BHEL CIRCUIT BREAKER :

/" reaker $ase

CIRCUIT BREAKER INDIA

POWER GRID CORPORATION OF

1" Control &nit 4" 2cc&#&lator 6" S&pport ins&lator =" (echanis# :o&sin! ;" ell crank #echanis# >" Interr&pter &nit ?" Gra'in! capacitor 9" Pre insertion resistor /7" Oil tank //" Ga&!e Panel /1" SF; Fillin! point /4" O0,OFF In'icator

CONSTRUCTIONAL FEATURES:
Each Pole of the $reaker consists of t)o interr&pter &nit, a $ell crank #echanis#, !ra'in! capacitor, pre insertion resistor Cin case of 42T4-/<, s&pport ins&lator col&#n of three #&lti she' ins&lator, an' an operatin! #echanis#" /" The reaker poles are #o&nte' on an in'i*i'&al $ase fra#e" 1" T)o interr&pter &nits pro*i'e a 'o&$le $reak feat&re per pole" The !ra'in! capacitors ens&rin! &nifor# *olta!e 'istri$&tion in open con'ition" 4" The 'o&$le $reak asse#$l% an' the col&#n of the s&pport ins&lators are fille' )ith SF; !as for arc B&enchin! an' ins&latin! p&rposes" 6" The $ell crank #echanis# )hich con*erts the *ertical #o*e#ent of the operatin! ro' into linear hori-ontal #o*e#ent of #o*in! parts of the Interr&pter &nit Can' pre- insertion resistor in case of 42T4-/" =" The operatin! ro' is act&ate' $% the *erticall% actin! electro h%'ra&lic #echanis#"
/4

CIRCUIT BREAKER INDIA

POWER GRID CORPORATION OF

;" The corona rin!s are pro*i'e' at the en's of the interr&pter an' the $otto# of the ell crank #echanis#" >" The s&pport ins&lator col&#n is fastene' to #echanis# ho&sin!, )hich in t&rn, is #o&nte' on the electro- h%'ra&lic operatin! #echanis#" ?" The co&plin! flan!e in the #echanis# ho&sin! connects the piston ro' of the operatin! #echanis# to the operatin! ro' thro&!h the 'ri*in! ro'" 9" The #echanis# ho&sin! is not press&ri-e' an' can $e opene' $% 'etachin! a co*er plate for the inspection an' #an&al operation" /7" The #echanical O0,OFF in'icator, the a&xiliar% s)itches an' the ter#inal strips are acco##o'ate' in the in'icator $ox )hich is $olte' to #echanis# ho&sin!" //" The O0,OFF in'icator an' the a&xiliar% s)itches are act&ate' *ia 'ri*er $olte' to the lo)er co&plin! flan!e connectin! the piston ro' an' 'ri*in! ro'" /1" The operatin! ener!% is pro'&ce' $% the co#pression of the nitro!en in the acc&#&lator, )hich is #o&nte' on the $ase &nit of each pole"

INTERRUPTER UNIT:
The !as ti!ht interr&pter &nit consists of the contact t&$e, the !&i'e t&$e, the #o*in! contact t&$e, the $last c%lin'er, the $last piston" The c&rrent flo)s fro# the ter#inal plate thro&!h contact s&pport, contact t&$e, contact fin!ers, !&i'e t&ne an' flan!e" The flan!es of t)o interr&pter &nits are connecte' $% con'&ctor in or'er to $ri'!e the ho&sin!" The contact t&$e an' !&i'e t&$e are fitte' )ith arc B&enchin! no--les, )hich are #a'e &p of arc resistant #aterial calle' !raphite" These no--les keep the erosion to a #ini#&#" Each interr&pter is pro*i'e' )ith one filter s&#p at the ter#inal flan!e en'"
/6

BELL CRANK MECHANISM:

CIRCUIT BREAKER INDIA

POWER GRID CORPORATION OF

Fig.2 BELL CRANK MECHANISM It is the #echanis# )hich con*erts the *ertical #o*e#ent of the operatin! ro' into hori-ontal #o*e#ent of the #o*in! contacts of the Interr&pter &nit" The #o*in! contact t&$e an' the $last c%lin'er for# an inte!ral asse#$l% an' are co&ple' )ith co&pler of cross hea' *ia t)o connectin! ro's an' rockers" The co&nter actin! $last piston is fixe' to s&pportin! rin! is connecte' )ith co&pler of cross hea' *ia a fork an' le*ers"

ARC INTERRUPTION
Ahen the $reaker is in close' position, the #o*in! contact t&$e $ri'!es the contact t&$e an' the !&i'e t&$e" Ahen an open operation is initiate', the $last c%lin'er #o*es to)ar's the $ell crank #echanis#, )hile the co&nter actin! $last piston is p&she' in the opposite 'irection for rapi' co#pression of the trappe' SF; !as to the reB&ire' press&re" The SF; !as co#presse' '&rin! the a$o*e process is release' onl% )hen the contacts are separate' )ith #o*in! contact t&$e actin! as a sli'in! *al*e"
/=

CIRCUIT BREAKER INDIA

POWER GRID CORPORATION OF

2t the instant of contact separation, arc strikes $et)een the front en' of the arc B&enchin! no--le of the contact t&$e an' the arcin! rin! of the #o*in! contact t&$e" The co#presse' !as in the $last c%lin'er is release' into the !ap ra'iall% as the contacts separate" 2s the #o*in! contact t&$e #o*es f&rther, the arc $et)een front en's of the #o*in! contact t&$e is transferre' fro# the arcin! rin! into the no--le of !&i'e t&$e $% the !as flo)" The arc is f&rther elon!ate' $% the !as flo) axiall% into the no--les !et extin!&ishe'" Ahile the arc is $ein! interr&pte', the $last c%lin'er, )hich is #a'e &p of arc resistant ins&latin! #aterials, encloses the arc B&enchin! asse#$l%, there$% protectin! the porcelain ins&lator fro# arcin! 'efects

ELECTRO HYDRAULIC OPERATING MECHANISM:

Each pole is 'ri*en $% in'i*i'&al electro h%'ra&lic operatin! #echanis#" This electro h%'ra&lic operatin! #echanis# consists of the follo)in! #ain parts" The% are /" Dri*e c%lin'er asse#$l% 1" Oil tank 4" 2cc&#&lator Dri*e c%lin'er asse#$l% consists of c%lin'er, 'ifferential piston 2n' 8al*e $lock )hich contain a set of *al*e" 2 co##on control &nit acco##o'ates h%'ra&lic p&#p set, h%'ra&lic #onitorin! &nit, control s)itches an' ter#inal connectors an' contactors" :%'ra&lic s%ste# all the three poles are interconnecte'" In the *al*e #ainl% consists of /" One closin! solenoi' 1" T)o openin! solenoi' 4" T)o capacitors The oil tank contains h%'ra&lic oil calle' 2ero shell fl&i' - 6/" The oil tank is $olte' to the *al*e $lock" The oil tank consists of oil le*el in'icator an' the heater to pre*ent )ater con'ensation in oil tank"
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POWER GRID CORPORATION OF

It also consists of filter to pre*ent the entr% of an% forei!n #aterials )hile fillin! the oil in the oil tank" 2&xiliar% s)itch an' O0,OFF in'icator &nit are act&ate' $% the le*er connecte' to the 'ri*er"

MODE OF OPERATION:
The #o'e of operation of the electro h%'ra&lic operatin! #echanis# is explaine' $elo)" The operatin! force is pro'&ce' $% the 'ifferential piston" The openin! si'e of the 'ifferential piston is &n'er constant press&re" The closin! si'e of the piston is press&ri-e' for closin! an' 'e press&ri-e' for openin!" The $reaker is arreste' in the O0 an' OFF position $% h%'ra&lic force" The #o*e#ent of the contacts is 'a#pe' h%'ra&licall% shortl% $efore the% attain either en' positions" The $all *al*es, the pilot *al*es an' the #ain *al*es are 'esi!ne' to ens&re that an operation is co#plete' $efore another one can $e exec&te'"

CLOSING OF BREAKER:
The closin! operation of the $reaker is effecte' $% press&ri-in! the lar!er area s&rface of the piston" Ahen the closin! solenoi' is ener!i-e', the $all *al*e opens an' a'#its oil to pilot *al*e *ia non ret&rn *al*e" The pilot *al*e opens an' locks in h%'ra&licall% *ia the '&ct an' chan!es o*er the #ain *al*e" 0o) it $locks the pipe connectin! the lar!er area s&rface si'e of the 'ifferential piston )ith the oil tank an' si#&ltaneo&sl% opens the press&re cha#$er to)ar's the lar!er area s&rface si'e" The operatin! #echanis# then closes the $reaker" The #o*e#ent of the contacts is 'a#pe' h%'ra&licall% +&st $efore the% reach f&ll% close' position"

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/>

OPENING OF BREAKER:
The openin! operation of the $reaker is effecte' $% 'e press&ri-in! the lar!er area s&rface of the 'ifferential piston" Ahen the openin! solenoi' is ener!i-e', the $all *al*e opens an' allo)s the self lockin! press&re to collapse" 0o) the pilot *al*e closes off the hi!h press&re si'e an' the press&re in the press&re cha#$er in the #ain *al*e !et release'" Then the #ain *al*e opens the pipe connectin! the operatin! c%lin'er an' the oil tank" Th&s, the press&re on the lar!er s&rface of the 'ifferential piston is release' an' the operatin! #echanis# opens the circ&it $reaker" The #o*e#ent of the contacts is 'a#pe' h%'ra&licall% +&st $efore the circ&it $reaker reaches f&ll% open position"

ACCUMULATOR:
It is one of the #ain parts in the circ&it $reaker" It is a 'e*ice )hich is ha*in! pri#in! press&re of nitro!en nor#all% 177 $ar at 17J C" It is acc&#&latin! the pri#in! press&re of nitro!en an' oil press&re" In this the operatin! ener!% is store' for the operatin! #echanis# of the circ&it $reaker"

PRE INSERTION RESISTOR:

The pre insertion resistor is incorporate' in parallel )ith each interr&pter &nit in case of 42T4" This is the onl% 'ifference $et)een the 42T1 an' 42T4" These resistor )ill li#it the o*er *olta!es that #a% occ&rs )hen lon! trans#ission lines are s)itche' on" The resistor contact operates in con+&nction )ith the #o*in! contact t&$e of the circ&it $reaker '&rin! $reaker operation" It is so 'esi!ne' that the resistor contact closes for a$o&t /7#s prior to the closin! of the #ain contact an' opens i##e'iatel% after closin! of the #ain contact" In so#e $reakers the pre insertion resistor is per#anentl% close' after the $reaker is close'" This seB&ence of the operation is achie*e' $% the to!!le #echanis# of pre insertion resistor connecte' to the $ell crank #echanis#" Ahen the resistor contact reaches its open position, it )ill $e rea'% for next closin! operation of the $reaker" :ence )hether the circ&it $reaker is in open or in close' positions, the nor#al position of the resistor contact is in open position" The resistance *al&e is nor#all% 677 Oh#s per phase"

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/?

GRADING CAPACITOR:
The !ra'in! capacitor is #&ch #ore i#portant in circ&it $reaker '&rin! open con'ition. D&rin! open con'ition the *olta!e stress on the contacts is #ore partic&larl% at the e'!e of the contacts of the circ&it $reaker" It )ill lea's to the 'a#a!e of the contacts" In or'er to pre*ent the 'a#a!e of the contact, Gra'in! Capacitors is &se'" Gra'in! capacitors is nothin! $&t the capacitors, it )ill &nifor#l% 'istri$&te the *olta!e across the contacts"

OIL PRESSURE CONTROL:

The $reaker operation is perfor#e' onl% )hen the h%'ra&lic oil )ith s&fficient press&re" In or'er to perfor# s#ooth operation of the $reaker an' in or'er to pre*ent the fail&re of the $reaker an' o&r s%ste#, oil press&re control s%ste# is &se'" The oil press&re control can $e 'one &se' press&re s)itches an' contactors"

NITROGEN PRIMING PRESSURE:

The 0itro!en pri#in! press&re is #onitore' $% #eans of three proxi#it% s)itches S=., S;. G S.> pro*i'e' in the acc&#&lator" In the control &nit, n&#$er of press&re #onitors are pro*i'e' to ens&re onl% those s)itchin! operations can $e perfor#e' for )hich s&fficient oil press&re 0itro!en press&re is a*aila$le"

CONTROL UNIT:
The control &nit acco##o'ates all the eB&ip#ents for control an' #onitorin! of oil press&re in the h%'ra&lic s%ste# an' for #onitorin! SF; !as fille' in the circ&it $reaker" It consist of :%'ra&lic p&#p set, contactor plate, h%'ra&lic #onitorin! &nit, ter#inal $lock asse#$l% an' oil filters

HYDRAULIC PUMP SET:

It consists of an oil p&#p an' an electric #otor" Electric #otor is &se' to 'ri*e the oil p&#p" Oil p&#p pla%s an i#portant role in the operatin! #echanis#" It is &se' to press&ri-e the oil, an' the sa#e is store' in the acc&#&lator, )hich is reB&ire' for operatin! #echanis# of the circ&it $reaker"

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/9

CONTACTOR PLATE:
It consists of n&#$er of contactors )hich is reB&ire' for control an' #onitorin! of oil an' SF; !as press&re for perfect operation of the circ&it $reaker"

HYDRAULIC MONITORING UNIT:

It consist of a press&re !a&!e *al*e an' a non ret&rn *al*e" The press&re !a&!e in'icates the oil press&re '&rin! operation" Ahen the press&re release *al*e is opene', the press&ri-e' oil flo)s o&t of the acc&#&lator into the oil tank" % the ti#e the piston in the acc&#&lator has reache' its final position, the press&re has 'ecrease' to -ero" The safet% *al*e pre*ents $&il'in! &p of hi!h press&re in the h%'ra&lic s%ste# $% per#ittin! the press&ri-e' oil fro# the acc&#&lator to flo) into the tank" The press&re #onitors controls the press&re in the acc&#&lator accor'in! to the health% operation of the circ&it $reaker" /, 1 a safet% *al*e a press&re release

OIL FILTERS:
2n oil filters is locate' in the inco#in! lines of the oil p&#p" This filter )ill pre*ents an% forei!n #aterials fro# enterin! the hi!h press&re section of h%'ra&lic s%ste#"

SF6 GAS MONITORING UNIT:

The SF; !as #onitorin! &nit consists of a press&re !a&!e" 2 'ensit% #onitor an' a fillin! point" The press&re !a&!es in'icate the press&re of the SF; !as '&rin! operation" The fillin! point is &se' to fill the SF; !as

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17

8. ARE A 600K SF6 CIRCUIT BREAKER

SPRING OPERATING MECHANISM

Fig.3 AREVA 600K SF6 CIRCUIT BREAKER

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1/

2re*a #ake 67738 SF; G2S circ&it $reaker is sprin! operatin! #echanis#" It consists of t)o sprin!s" /" closin! sprin! 1" openin! sprin! Sin!le phase ac #otor is &se' for char!in! the closin! sprin!" For char!in! the trippin! sprin!, #otor is not reB&ire'"

SPRING OPERATED MECHANISM:

1. Spring operated mechanism consists of motor, Opening spring and Closing spring with limit switch for automatic charging and other necessary accessories to make the mechanism as a complete operating unit. 2. !. As long as power is available to the motor, a continuous se uence of the closing and opening operations is possible. After failure of power supply to the motor one close open operation shall be possible with the energy contained in the operating mechanism. ". #reaker operation shall be independent of the motor which shall be used solely for compressing the closing spring. $acility for manual charging of the closing spring shall also be provided. %he motor rating shall be such that it re uires not more than !& seconds for full charging of the closing spring. '. (. Closing action of circuit breaker shall compress the opening spring ready for tripping. )hen closing springs are discharged after closing a breaker, closing springs shall be automatically charged for the ne*t operation and an indication of this shall be provided in the local and remote control cabinet.
22

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POWER GRID CORPORATION OF

+. ,rovisions shall be made to prevent a closing operation of the breaker when the spring is in the partial charged condition. -echanical interlocks shall be provided in the operating mechanism to prevent discharging of closing springs when the breaker is already in the closed position. .. %he spring operating mechanism shall have ade uate energy stored in the operating spring to close and latch the circuit breaker against the rated making current and also to provide the re uired energy for the tripping mechanism in case the tripping energy is derived from the operating mechanism. AD ANTAGES F /" This circ&it $reaker is #aintenance free" 1" Operatin! #echanis# is sprin! onl%" Therefore no leaka!e of air or oil like pne&#atic an' h%'ra&lic operatin! #echanis#" 4" It is si#ple in constr&ction" 6" Operation of the $reaker is *er% si#ple"

DISAD ANTAGE:
/" 1" If 2C s&ppl% fails then )e ha*e to #an&all% char!e the sprin! . :ei!ht of the $reaker is #ore

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14

FAULT CLEARING PROCESS IN CIRCUIT BREAKER :

WORKING EXPERIENCE: /" 1" 4" 6" =" ;" >" ?" 9" Replace#ent of 01 2cc&#&lator Checkin! SF; !as leaka!e 2rrestin! the oil leaka!e Fillin! of SF; !as Press&re 'rop test DCR( test CR( test Operational ti#in! test Tan 'elta #eas&re#ent

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16

6. PROTECTION OF CIRCUIT BREAKER

In o&r s%ste# circ&it $reaker pla%s a *ital role" So the $reaker sho&l' $e in health% con'ition" In or'er to achie*e the health% con'ition of the $reaker so#e protections are reB&ire'" Those protections are liste' $elo) /" . PROTECTIO0 1" PO.E DISCREP20C@ 4" 20TIPU(PI0G LBB PROTECTION .ocal $reaker $ack&p protection is $ack&p protection of #ain $reaker" Ahen fa&lt occ&rre' in o&r s%ste#, then i##e'iatel% the #ain $reaker sho&l' trip" If, the #ain $reaker &na$le to operate '&e to an% internal fa&lt or #echanical fa&lts, then $ack&p $reaker )ill trip" POLE DISCREPANCY Pole 'iscrepanc% is 'efine' as the 'ifference in closin! an' openin! ti#in!s of 'ifferent poles of Circ&it $reaker" For si#&ltaneo&s operation of the circ&it $reaker, Pole 'iscrepanc% rela% is reB&ire'" If %o& )ant to trip, close the $reaker all the three poles sho&l' trip,close at the sa#e ti#e" &t trippin! of the $reaker is #ore i#portant $eca&se if an% fa&lts co#es then i##e'iatel% all the three poles sho&l' trip, if an% one of the pole is not trippe' then the fa&lt c&rrent )ill flo) thro&!h that pole to o&r s%ste#" It )ill lea' to #ore 'a#a!e to o&r s%ste#" To pre*ent this )e are pro*i'in! Pole 'iscrepanc% protection" ANTI PUMPING PROTECTION 2nti p&#pin! rela% )ill pre*ent the h&ntin! of the $reaker" 2nti p&#pin! rela% )ill not allo) the contin&o&s co##an' to the Close coil of the $reaker" Once the close co##an' is !i*en to the $reaker, then the anti p&#pin! rela% )ill ener!ies, it )ill pre*ent the contin&o&s co##an' !oin! to the close coil" 2fter f&ll% closin! of the $reaker, then onl% the anti p&#pin! rela% )ill 'e ener!i-e, an' then onl% it )ill allo)

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POWER GRID CORPORATION OF

the next co##an' to the close coil of the circ&it $reaker" .ike this it is pre*ent the h&ntin! of the $reaker
1=

9. 600K BHEL CB FAILURE REPORT

600 K BHEL SF6 CIRCUIT BREAKER

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F#1. 6 B$()*.: BHEL 600K SF6 CB

1;

FAILURE OF BHEL BREAKER IN MADURAI SS OBSER ATION AT SITE:

/" The in'ication of the partic&lar pole of the C )as in sli!htl% open con'ition"

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POWER GRID CORPORATION OF

1" Gra'in! capacitor )as fo&n' into t)o pieces" There )as no oil in the oil reser*oir of all the poles" 4" Oil spilla!e )as o$ser*e' on the $otto# si'e of the pole" Ahile inspectin! the pilot *al*e, oil leaka!e )as fo&n' $et)een the +oints of #ain *al*e an' the stora!e tank" This area is nor#all% lo) press&re area" 6" Oil leaka!e )as o$ser*e' fro# pilot *al*e also" The fixe' contact asse#$l% ca#e 'o)n alon! )ith 6 inch pipe connectin! $reaker to CT an' in the process, ter#inal st&' of the CT )as 'a#a!e' an' oil leake' o&t" CAUSES OF FAILURE: /" There )as an oil leaka!e in the h%'ra&lic operatin! #echanis# of the $reaker" Oil leaka!e )as fo&n' to $e fro# the pilot *al*e as )ell as the +oint $et)een the oil tank an' #ain *al*e asse#$l%" 1" The oil leaka!e has res&lte' in oil press&re 'rop an' the p&#p starte' r&nnin! to #ake &p the press&re" 4" 2s oil )as leakin! o&tsi'e the s%ste#, the press&re co&l' not $e $&ilt $% the p&#p '&e to the re'&ction in *ol&#e of the oil" 6" Oil press&re is &se' in :E. reaker to hol' the poles in close' :E. $reakers are T t%pe $reaker position" Since the oil press&re has re'&ce' '&e to oil leaka!e, the poles starte' to slip 'o)n" 2s pole opens '&e to press&re 'rop" There is no #echanis# in :E. C s to keep the poles in close' position in case of press&re 'rop" =" The slo) openin! of the poles res&lte' into the fail&re of the $reaker" The openin! )as #ore on the one pole res&ltin! into $lastin! an' there )as less openin! of the other pole $reaker res&ltin! into internal 'a#a!e"
1>

TEMPORARY ACTION TO A ERT FAILURES: The follo)in! te#porar% #o'ifications 'one to a*ert the fail&re of the $reaker"

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POWER GRID CORPORATION OF

2n electrical circ&it has $een 'e*elope' an' incorporate' in the circ&it to trip the circ&it $eaker incase the press&re falls to a le*el lesser than closin! locko&t there $% a*oi'in! slo) openin! of the circ&it $reaker" That is the $reaker can ne*er $e in ser*ice )ith a press&re lo)er than closin! locko&t *al&e an' hence no chance of loss of h%'ra&lic press&re )hile the $reaker re#ains in close' con'ition" CONCLUSIONS The fail&re of the $reaker occ&rre' as a res&lt of oil leaka!e fro# pilot *al*e co#$ine' )ith loss of a&xiliar% s&ppl%" The loss of h%'ra&lic press&re an' oil leaka!e fro# pilot *al*e res&lte' into slo) openin! of the pole" The excessi*e te#perat&re an' press&re 'e*elope' '&e to the arcin! $et)een the contacts has res&lte' into $&rstin! of interr&pter of the partic&lar pole" RECOMMENDATIONS TO A OID THE FAILURE IN FUTURE /" (echanical lockin! 'e*ice as $ein! 'e*elope' $% :E. nee's to $e incorporate' in $reakers )hich are ha*in! ten'enc% to $lock the slip of the operatin! ro' '&e to loss of oil press&re" 1" 2ll the :E. $reakers )hich ha*e the ten'enc% to slip '&e to 'rop in oil press&re nee' to $e )ire' to trip at locko&t press&re to a*oi' the fail&re of the $reaker" 4" :%'ra&lic operatin! #echanis# of a :E. #ake C s nee' to $e o*erha&le' for all the :E. C s )hich has co#plete' /7 %ears of ser*ice to a*oi' oil leaka!e thro&!h *al*es an' !askets"

1?

;. PRE ENTI E MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE FOR CIRCUIT BREAKER

SL.NO
/

ACTI ITY
Checkin! of oil leaks fro# !ra'in! capacitors

CONDITION PERIOD
A S,D (

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1 4

SF; !as leaka!e test De) point #eas&re#ent of SF; !as

S,D S,D

SOS 4@

HYDRAULIC OPERATING MECHANISM SL.NO

/ 1 4 6

ACTI ITY
Checkin! of oil le*el an' toppin! &p if necessar% Checkin! of oil leaks Checkin! of oil press&re 'rop test Checkin! of a&to-startin!,stoppin! of oil p&#p

CONDITION PERIOD
A S,D A S,D S,D S,D ( ( @ @

PNEUMATIC OPERATING MECHANISM: SL.NO

/ 1 4

ACTI ITY
Checkin! of air press&re 'rop F&nctional checkin! of a&to-startin! of air co#pressor (aintenance of 2ir 'r%ers

CONDITION PERIOD
S,D S,D A S,D @ @ :@

19

AIR BLAST CIRCUIT BREAKER: SL.NO

/ 1

ACTI ITY
2irCpress&re< leaka!e test De) point #eas&re#ent of operatin! air at the o&tlet of 2ir 'rier

CONDITION PERIOD
S,D A S,D SOS @

MOCB<S

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POWER GRID CORPORATION OF

SL.NO
/ 1

ACTI ITY
Checkin! for oil leaka!e, oil le*el Testin! of oil for D8

CONDITION PERIOD
S,D A S,D ( @

BREAKER OPERATION CHECKS SL.NO

/ 1 4 6 = ; > ? 9

ACTI ITY
C Operatin! ti#in!s Static contact resistance #eas&re#ent C CR(< D%na#ic contact resistance #eas&re#entC DCR(< Checkin! of pole 'iscrepanc% rela% F&nctional checks, '&t% c%cle operationC O7"4-CO< Checkin! of all operation locko&ts Checkin! of all interlocks Checkin! of press&re settin!s Cleanin! of $reaker interr&pter, s&pport ins&lators, PIR, an' Gra'in! capacitors"

CONDITION PERIOD
S,D S,D S,D S,D S,D S,D S,D S,D S,D @ 1@ 1@ @ @ @ @ @ @

47

MEASUREMENT2TESTING: SL.NO
/ 1 4

ACTI ITY
Checkin! of close,trip coil c&rrents Checkin! of healthiness of operation co&nter Capacitance an' Tan 'elta #eas&re#ent of

CONDITION PERIOD
S,D S,D S,D @ @ 6@

!ra'in! capacitors Tan 'elta *al&e is to $e taken one %ear fro# co##issionin! an' then once in e*er% fo&r %ears"

CONTROL CABINET

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SL.NO
/ 1 4 6

ACTI ITY
Checkin! of ti!htness of all the ca$le ter#inations in ( Checkin! of 'oor sealin! !askets an' replace#ent, if necessar% Repaintin! of #etallic s&rfaces Checkin! of space heater

CONDITION PERIOD
S,D AS,D AS,D AS,D @ @ SOS @

4/

9. PROPERTIES OF SF6 GAS

In o&r 67738 s%ste# )e are &sin! SF; !as as an arc B&enchin! #e'i&# for the follo)in! p&rposes"

PROPERTIES:
/" SF; is colo&rless non-fla##a$le o'o&rless, non-toxic an' che#icall% sta$le !as" 1" Extre#el% hi!h 'ielectric stren!th )ith arc B&enchin! a$ilit%" This propert% #akes it possi$le to si!nificantl% re'&ce the si-e of the eB&ip#ents" 4" Ins&latin! properties re#ains &naltere' as car$on is a$sent in #olec&lar for#ation of sf; !as" 6" Ins&latin! properties re#ains constant at the in!ress of air &pto 17H" =" Re#ains )itho&t con'ensation &pto -47 'e!ree te#perat&re

CIRCUIT BREAKER INDIA

POWER GRID CORPORATION OF

;" Densit% is ; ti#es as of air" >" Dielectric stren!th at at#ospheric press&re is 1 to 4 ti#es that of air an' at 4 k!,c#1 is sa#e as that of oil" ?" SF; !as #olec&les ha*e *er% hi!h affinit% for capt&rin! free electrons those are !enerate' '&rin! arcin! )hich ca&ses restrikin!" 9" SF; !as 'eco#poses at hi!her arcin! te#perat&re into SF1 an' SF6, )hich also ha*e !oo' 'ielectric properties" reco#$ine' into SF; )ithin #illisecon's" /7" SF; !as can clear capaciti*e c&rrent )itho&t !eneratin! hi!h o*er *olta!es //" SF; !as circ&it $reakers are ha*in! lo) arcin! ti#e an' SF; $ein! electrone!ati*e res&lts into lesser contact erosion" APPLICATIONS /" (ostl% it is &se' as !aseo&s 'ielectric #e'i&#" 1" For castin! of #a!nesi&#" 4" 2s an inert fillin! for )in'o)s"
41

&t s&$seB&entl% !ets

,0. NECESSITY OF PRECOMMISSIONING TEST

Each an' e*er% piece of eB&ip#ent is teste' in the factor% $efore 'espatchin! to the site" Preco##issionin! testin! at site is 'one to pro*e thatF /" To ens&re the eB&ip#ent is not s&$+ecte' to an% 'a#a!e '&rin! transportation an' erection of the eB&ip#ents" 1" Each eB&ip#ent has $een installe' correctl%" 4" Each eB&ip#ent is )orkin! in co-or'ination )ith other eB&ip#ents as 'esire'" 6" 2ll the protection an' control sche#es are )orkin! in accor'ance )ith rele*ant specification an' protection reB&ire#ents" =" The installation is safe for p&ttin! in to ser*ice"

CIRCUIT BREAKER INDIA

POWER GRID CORPORATION OF

PRE-CO

ISSIONIN! INCLU"E/0 /" 8is&al inspection 1" Checkin! the installation, circ&its ca$lin!, )irin! connections, etc" 4" Testin! the eB&ip#ents, rela%s as in'i*i'&al co#ponents 6" (e!!erin! of 2"C, D"C, C"T, P"T, circ&its =" Checkin! of eB&ip#ent operations like closin! an' trippin!" ;" 2'optin! rela% settin!s >" Con'&ctin! secon'ar% in+ection ?" Corrections in Sche#e 'ra)in!s 9" F&nction G tests

!!

In installation an' ca$lin! an' )irin! )e ha*e to check the follo)in! thin!s" !ENERAL THIN!S

INSTALLATION, CABLING AND WIRING

/" Capacit% of ca$le lea's to $e checke'" 1" Proper la%in! of ca$le to $e confir#e'" 4" Ca$le ta!s to $e pro*i'e' as per ca$le sche'&le" 6" Spare holes for f&t&re ca$le sho&l' $e pro*i'e' in panel plates" =" Ca$le cores shall $e i'entifie' at $oth en's an' ferr&le' properl%" In ca$les )ith sa#e colo&r lea's, clock)ise N anti-clock)ise #etho' shall $e &se' for easier i'entif%in!" ;" .ea' to lea' #e!!erin! $et)een all lea's in'i*i'&all% sho&l' $e 'one at this sta!e itself )itho&t fail"

CIRCUIT BREAKER INDIA

POWER GRID CORPORATION OF

>" 2n% +oints to #ake &p short len!th of one or t)o ca$le lea's sho&l' $e prohi$ite' alto!ether" ?" Onl% proper l&!s sho&l' $e &se'" .&!s sho&l' not $e tape' or co*ere' )ith an%thin!" 9" Ahen t)o l&!s are p&t in one T , the% sho&l' face $ack to $ack so that there is !oo' #eshin!" /7" .&!s sho&l' $e cri#pe' onl% )ith correct si-e cri#pers" //" 2nother person sho&l' #ake /77H check of the connection )ith the 'ra)in! an' also the ti!htness of the l&! an' scre)" /1" &nch spare cores separatel% an' lea*e their f&ll len!thD p&t the ca$le n&#$er as ferr&lesD &nconnecte' in'i*i'&al )ire sho&l' not $e left stra%e' /4" Dress e*er%thin! neatl%" /6" Pl&! o&t the spare ca$le holes for *er#in proof"

46

,,. PRECOMMISSIONG TEST ON CIRCUIT BREAKER

/" D@02(IC CO0T2CT RESIST20CE (E2SURE(E0T 1" OPER2TIO02. TI(I0GS OF CIRCUIT RE23ER 4" CO0T2CT RESIST20CE (E2SURE(E0T 6" C2P2CIT20CE 20D T20 DE.T2 (E2SURE(E0T =" IR 82.UE (E2SURE(E0T ;" DEA POI0T (E2SURE(E0T OF SF; G2S >" COI. RESIST20CE (E2SURE(E0T ?" OPER2TIO02. .OC3OUT C:EC3I0G FOR E:8 CIRCUIT RE23ER 9" PO.E DISCREP20C@ RE.2@ TESTI0G /7" C:EC3I0G T:E 0ITROGE0 PRI(I0G PRESSURE //" C:EC3I0G T:E 20TI PU(PI0G FE2TURES /1" (I0I(U( PIC3UP 8O.T2GE OF T:E COI.

CIRCUIT BREAKER INDIA

POWER GRID CORPORATION OF

DYNAMIC CONTACT RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT F

KIT DCR( can $e 'one $% &sin! DCR( /77 167;CCIRCUIT SCOPE TG( P8T" .TD, PU0E" It is the techniB&e for #eas&rin! contact resistance '&rin! operation CCO< of the circ&it $reaker )ith 'ela% Tco of 477#s" 2 DC c&rrent of /77 2 is in+ecte' thro&!h the circ&it $reaker thro&!h the kit" The in+ecte' c&rrent an' *olta!e 'rop are #eas&re' an' resistance is calc&late'" The resistance an' tra*el *ers&s ti#e 'ata pro*i'es &sef&l infor#ation on the con'ition of the circ&it $reaker contacts" It is a special 'ia!nostic tool for circ&it $reaker" It #eans )itho&t openin! the $reaker )e can kno) the stat&s of the arcin! an' #ain contact con'ition" This test pre*entin! lot of $reaker fail&res" It is one of the $est tests in circ&it $reaker"
4=

3IT an' :IS2C

RE23ER OPER2TIO02. 202.@IER<" This kit is #an&fact&re' $%

DCR( can 'etect the follo)in! thin!s" /" Erosion of 2rcin! Contact 1" Erosion of #ain contact 4" Contact #isali!n#ents 6" Contact )ipe of #ain an' arcin! contact =" (ain G arcin! contact resistance ;" :ealthiness of 'a#pin! s%ste# >" Contact tra*el G spee'

DCRM CONNECTION ARRANGEMENT:

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POWER GRID CORPORATION OF

4;

IMPORTANT THINGS IN DCRM:

DCR( of the $reaker can $e perfor#e' $% &sin! $oth DCR( kit an' Circ&it $reaker operational anal%-er" Thro&!h DCR( kit )e are in+ectin! /772 DC across the interr&pter an' )e are recei*in! *olta!e 'rop across the resistance" This is to $e transferre' to correspon'in!l% to the circ&it $reaker operational anal%-ers" In circ&it $reaker operational anal%-er kit, One $reaker control ca$le, one coil c&rrent #eas&rin! ca$le, #aster earthin! ca$le, ti#in! ca$le for #ain contact an' a&xiliar% contacts, the test c&rrent o&tp&t an' resistance o&tp&t fro# the DCR( is !i*en to the inp&t of the :IS2C kit at the respecti*e ter#inals" In DCR( also )e #eas&re the contact tra*el #eas&re#ent $% &sin! trans'&cer in the respecti*e place in the circ&it $reaker"

CIRCUIT BREAKER INDIA

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The o&tp&t of the trans'&cer is !i*en to the inp&t of the :IS2C kit at the appropriate place" Ahen $reaker is operate' accor'in! to that the trans'&cer )ill #o*e" Fro# that )e can kno) the tra*el of the contacts of the circ&it $reaker" Fro# this )e can i'entif% )hether the tra*el is s#ooth or not an' also )e can kno) the o*er tra*el of the contacts of the circ&it $reaker" DCR( alon! )ith contact tra*el #eas&re#ent is &sef&l in #onitorin! len!th of 2rcin! contacts" Erosion of arcin! contacts #a% lea' to co##&tation fail&res an' c&rrent #a% !et transferre' to #ain contacts" If contact tra*el is co#pare' )ith the ori!inal si!nat&res, then it #a% in'icate pro$le# relate' )ith the operatin! #echanis#, operatin! le*ers, #ain,arcin! contacts, an' ali!n#ents" In or'er to carr% o&t the DCR( test, the $reaker control that is Open an' Close i#p&lse to $e applie' fro# :IS2C 2nal%-er onl%" For that p&rpose onl% circ&it $reaker control ca$le is s&pplie' alon! )ith the 2nal%-er" Thro&!h coil c&rrent ca$le )e are #eas&rin! the trip coil an' close coil c&rrent"
4>

Ae &se one ti#in! ca$le on an% one of the pole for reference p&rpose onl%"

ISOLATION RE3UIRED
/" C sho&l' $e in open position" 1" Isolators of $oth si'es of the C sho&l' $e in open position" 4" Earth s)itch of $oth si'es of the C sho&l' $e in open position"

PRECAUTIONS
/" There sho&l' $e no +oints in the testin! lea's , ca$les" 1" Testin! #&st $e carrie' o&t in the presence of testin! en!ineers onl%"

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POWER GRID CORPORATION OF

4" C&rrent lea's sho&l' $e connecte' s&ch that *olta!e lea's are not o&tsi'e area of the c&rrent flo)" 6" The kit sho&l' $e properl% earthe'" =" C&rrent lea's an' *olta!e lea's sho&l' $e properl% connecte' in the C flan!es )hich are to $e cleane' properl%"

TESTING PROCEDURE:
/" First connect the earthin! ca$le to the perfect earth plate of $oth the kit" 1" Connect all the ca$les at the appropriate position" 4" 2n' then settin! )e ha*e to 'o in the :IS2C kit" 6" Select E-Test settin!s, in that )e ha*e to t%pe recor' n&#$er, location, operator, c&sto#er, !as press&re, oil press&re, air press&re" =" Select F N C&rrent settin!s, in that )e can select the #axi#&# c&rrent taken $% the trippin! coil an' closin! coil" ;" In :IS2C #axi#&# c&rrent li#it is 1= 2(PS" >" Select G N Tra*el settin!s, in that )e ha*e t%pe the, #echanical stroke len!th an' electrical stroke len!th" 2n' then )e ha*e to t%pe (axi#&# an' #ini#&# *elocities '&rin! openin! an' closin! of the $reaker" This settin! is onl% to #eas&re the contact tra*el #eas&re#ent of the circ&it $reaker"
4?

?" For DCR( #eas&re#ent )e ha*e to !i*e CO co##an' to the circ&it $reaker" 9" Select 2- reaker options G testin! options" In that option )e can see the $reaker stat&s an' thro&!h this settin! onl% )e can !i*e co##an' to the $reaker" In this )e ha*e to !i*e CO co##an' to the $reaker" /7" Select C- Print for printin! the res&lts" //" Select : N Do)nloa'in! the res&lts to the PC thro&!h RS141 port" /1" The !raph )ill sho) the c&rrent, resistance of the contact ,contact tra*el #eas&re#ent coil c&rrent

DCRM SIGNATURE

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49

STATIC CONTACT RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT KIT

Static contact resistance can $e #eas&re' $% &sin! CR( /77 CP.OT soft)are" 0o) CR( /77C is &sin! for contact resistance #eas&re#ent" This test can !i*e #eanin!f&l !&i'eline to e*al&ate the con'ition of the contacts )itho&t ph%sicall% openin! the Interr&pter, arcin! cha#$er" 2 c&rrent of /77 2(P DC is passe' thro&!h the po)er contacts of the circ&it $reaker for a short ti#e thro&!h the CR( kit an' the *olta!e 'e*elope' across the contacts is sense', a#plifie'" 2ccor'in!l% )e in+ecte' /772 an' *olta!e 'e*elope' across the contacts, resistance of the contacts is #eas&re'" This test sho&l' $e )ith

CIRCUIT BREAKER INDIA

POWER GRID CORPORATION OF

carr%in! o&t onl% ,)hen $reaker is in close' con'ition" Therefore this test )ill sho) the contact resistance of the $reaker in close' con'ition onl%"

SE3UENCE OF CONNECTION:
/" Isolate the $reaker to $e teste' fro# inco#in! an' o&t!oin! lines" 1" Close the circ&it $reaker an' earth it fro# $oth si'es" For this, caref&ll% connect the earthin! ro's to the inco#in! an' o&t!oin! si'es of the $reaker an' *erif% fir#ness of the connection" 4" Connect #aster earthin! ca$le to CR( kit" This )ill pre*ent the kit fro# an% 'a#a!es '&e to in'&ction" 6" Connect the fo&r ter#inals of #eas&rin! lea's CL, 8L, C-, 8- at correct points on instr&#ents an' also the !reen shiel' lea' to #aster earthin!" This )ill a''itionall% pre*ent the 3it fro# in'&ction" =" Clean the area of the !ri' earthin! an' $reaker flan!e )here Ck cla#ps is to $e #o&nte', &se polish paper if necessar%" .oose connection on an% one of the fo&r points )ill ca&se #eas&re#ent fail&re" ;" 0o) fix the croco'ile cla#ps on the !ri'-earthin! strip, cleane' earlier"
67

>" 2n' #o&nt the Ck cla#ps on $oth si'es of $reaker on #ain connection flan!es fir#l% )itho&t an% loose connections" ?" The cali$rate' test lea' set s&pplie' )ith CR( is speciall% #an&fact&re' to carr% o&t the acc&rate #eas&re#ent" Therefore 'oesnOt &se an% other test lea's set it )ill affect the #eas&rin! acc&rac% an' also #a+or 'a#a!es to the instr&#ents"

TESTING PROCEDURES:

CIRCUIT BREAKER INDIA

POWER GRID CORPORATION OF

/" Ens&re $reaker is close' con'ition" S)itch on the po)er to CR(" 1" Re#o*e the earthin! fro# $oth si'es of circ&it $reaker $efore startin! #eas&re#ent of contact resistance" 4" Select the #ain operation or $atter% operation $% USE (2I0S, 2T S)itch" If the #ain s&ppl% is not there )e can &se the in$&ilt $atter% s&ppl% for 'oin! the test" 6" Press 2T C:EC3 s)itch an' check that the $atter% is char!e'" 2TTER@ O3 )ill !lo) to in'icate health% $atter%" =" If the 2TTER@ O3 in'ication .ED 'oesnEt !lo), $atter% can $e char!e' $% p&ttin! C:2RGE,TEST s)itch in char!e position an' connectin! #ains s&ppl% to the instr&#ents" ;" Press RESET, TEST s)itch for startin! test" The instr&#ent )ill iss&e $eeps for approxi#atel% 17 secon's, this )ill in'icate that /772 DC C&rrent is in+ectin! tro&!h the po)er contacts of the circ&it $reaker" The *al&e of contact resistance an' in+ecte' c&rrent )ill $e 'ispla%e' in the 3it" >" C&rrent in+ection an' #eas&re#ent can $e stoppe' $% S)itchin! ST2RT,STOP s)itch to stop position"

6/

TAN DELTA AND CAPACITANCE MEASUREMENT: KIT

Tan 'elta an' capacitance can $e 'one $% &sin! 2&to#atic tan 'elta kit (6/OO Instr&#ent" This is #a'e $% DO .E E0GI0EERI0G CO(P20@,US2"

TAN DELTA
This test is to #eas&re the 'issipation factor,loss factor of the ins&latin! #aterials in the circ&it $reaker

CIRCUIT BREAKER INDIA

POWER GRID CORPORATION OF

DISSIPATION FACTOR:
It is nothin! $&t the loss factor of the ins&latin! #aterials in the circ&it $reaker" It is 'efine' as the ratio of the resisti*e co#ponent of the c&rrent to that of the capaciti*e c&rrent flo)in! in the ins&latin! #aterials in the circ&it $reaker" Tan 'elta *al&e is to $e #eas&re' in the !ra'in! capacitor of the circ&it $reaker" Ae are #eas&rin! the capacitance *al&e an' loss factor *al&es of the !ra'in! capacitors of the circ&it $reaker" Gra'in! capacitors is &se' for &nifor# *olta!e 'istri$&tion across the contacts"

61

PRECAUTIONS
/" There sho&l' $e no +oints in the testin! ca$les" 1" :8 lea's sho&l' $e screene' )ith 'o&$le shiel's" 4" Test lea's sho&l' not to&ch an% li*e parts" 6" 0e*er connect the test set to ener!i-e' eB&ip#ents" =" The earthin! ca$le sho&l' $e connecte' first an' re#o*e' at last"

CIRCUIT BREAKER INDIA

POWER GRID CORPORATION OF

;" It sho&l' $e ens&re' that )hole testin! eB&ip#ents alon! )ith operation #an&als of the kit testin! proce'&res are a*aila$le at testin! site" >" Testin! #&st $e carrie' o&t $% testin! personnel onl%" ?" 2fter testin! )ith hi!h *olta!e C/7 38<, test ter#inals #&st $e !ro&n'e' $efore $ein! to&che' $% an% personnel"

SE3UENCE OF CONNECTION:
/" First connect the earthin! ca$le fro# the kit to perfect earth" 1" Connect the .8 Ca$le to the #i''le of the 'o&$le interr&pter )hich is to $e cleane' $efore connectin! the .8 lea'" 4" Connect the :8 Ca$le to the flan!es of the other en' of the !ra'in! capacitor )hich is to $e cleane'" 6" Connect the re#ote sensor in the )orkin! area to kno) the te#perat&re an' h&#i'it%" =" Connect the safet% s)itches to the correct place )hich is for safet% p&rpose" ;" Connect the Safet% stro$e, in )hich pole %o& are !oin! to test" It is especiall% to in'icate that the *olta!e is in+ecte' in that pole, 'onOt !o near to the eB&ip#ents" >" Connect the kit to PC or .2PTOP $% &sin! the co#p&ter port in the kit" ?" Connect the po)er s&ppl% ca$le to the kit"

64

TESTING PROCEDURES
/" If the speci#en is not connecte' to earth )e ha*e to perfor# in UST #o'e" If speci#en is connecte' to the earth, then )e ha*e to perfor# in GST #o'e" 0or#all% UST #o'e is perfor#e' for T20 DE.T2 #eas&re#ent in the $reaker"

CIRCUIT BREAKER INDIA

POWER GRID CORPORATION OF

1" Select act&al *al&e as a reference line that is )hat the *olta!e )e are appl%in! the rea'in!s to $e note' accor'in! to the respecti*e *olta!e onl%" 4" Select #o'e of operation as UST #o'e" 6" First appl% 1k* an' then /7k* an' correspon'in!l% tan 'elta *al&e an' capacitance *al&es are o$taine'" =" efore appl%in! the *olta!e )e ha*e to press the safet% s)itches than onl% )e ha*e to start to appl% the *olta!e" If an% a$nor#al acti*ities occ&r '&rin! appl%in! the hi!h *olta!e i##e'iatel% )e ha*e to release the safet% s)itches" If %o& release the s)itch, *olta!e in+ection, then the *olta!e in+ection )ill stop" Therefore it )ill pre*ent #a+or 'a#a!e an' acci'ents to the eB&ip#ents as )ell persons" ;" Tan 'elta *al&e an' capacitance *al&e at the ti#e of preco##issionin! test, it sho&l' $e near to factor% test"

INSULATION RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT OF CIRCUIT BREAKER INSULATION RESISTANCE

Ins&lation resistance is 'efine' as the resistance of the leaka!e c&rrent to the ins&lation" Ins&lation resistance can $e #eas&re' $% the (e!!er" Usin! =38 (e!!er )e 'o Ins&lation resistance #eas&re#ent in the 677k* circ&it $reaker"
P

In 67738 circ&it $reaker, Ins&lation resistance can $e #eas&re' in 'ifferent )a%s"

66

Ahen $reaker is in open con'ition )e ha*e to take ins&lation resistance #eas&re#ent across the each interr&pter" Ahen $reaker is in close' con'ition, take the IR #eas&re#ent )ith respect to earth" IR #eas&re#ent *al&es sho&l' sho) (ini#&# /777(Q" Then the $reaker is ha*in! !oo' ins&lation resistance *al&e"

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POWER GRID CORPORATION OF

OPERATIONAL TIMIGS MEASUREMENT OF CIRCUIT BREAKER KIT

The operational ti#in! #eas&re#ent ti#in!s of the circ&it $reaker can $e #eas&re' $% &sin! :IS2C 167; CCIRCUIT RE23ER OPER2TIO02. 202.@IER<" This kit is #an&fact&re' $% SCOPE TG( P8T".TD, PU0E"

TIMING TEST:
% 'oin! this test )e can kno) the operatin! ti#in!s of the (ain contacts an' PIR contacts in the $reaker" Closin!, openin! an' pole 'iscrepanc% ti#in!s of the #ain contacts an' PIR contact sho&l' $e )ith in the per#issi$le li#its" In an% case the #ain contact sho&l' not close $efore the closin! of the PIR contact" 2n' also the PIR contact sho&l' not open prior to closin! of the #ain contacts" Open -Close- Open co##an' is !i*en to the $reaker to check the a&to reclose f&nction of the $reaker" 2&to relos&re #eans if an% transient fa&lt co#es in the line then i##e'iatel% 'istance protection rela% )ill sense the fa&lt an' i##e'iatel% this rela% )ill !i*e co##an' to the 2&to reclos&re rela%" Then the a&to reclos&re rela% )ill i##e'iatel% trip Copen< the $reaker if fa&lt cleare' )ith in the 'ea' ti#e the i##e'iatel% it )ill close the $reaker" If fa&lt a!ain persist in the reclai# ti#e then it )ill per#anentl% trip the $reaker" For this p&rpose onl% )e are takin! OCO operation in the ti#in! test of the circ&it $reaker"

6=

It is also i#portant to #eas&re the ti#in!s of a&xiliar% contacts fro# the point of *ie) of *ariations )ith respect to the #ain contacts" In case of 2 , CG. #ake Circ&it reaker )hile trippin!, PIR contact

sho&l' not open after openin! of #ain contacts"

CIRCUIT BREAKER INDIA

POWER GRID CORPORATION OF

If the ti#in!s of the circ&it $reaker is not )ithin the per#issi$le li#it, sa#e #a% $e correcte' $% /" EB&ali-in! SF; !as press&re in all the poles" 1" 2'+&stin! pl&n!er #o*e#ent of trip,close coils" 4" 2'+&st#ent in operatin! #echanis#" 6" Chan!in! of trip,close coils Cif reB&ire'<"

TIMING OPERATINGS IN BREAKER:

Ae can 'o fo&r operations in circ&it $reaker $% &sin! the kit" /" OPE0 CO< 1" C.OSE CC< 4" C.OSE- OPE0 CCO< 6" OPE0- C.OSE- OPE0 COCO<

PRECAUTIONS:
/" Test lea's sho&l' not to&ch an% li*e parts" 1" 0e*er connect the test set to ener!i-e' eB&ip#ent" 4" If In'&ction is there, )e ha*e to pro*i'e a''itional earthin!" 6" Earthin! ca$le sho&l' $e connecte' first an' re#o*e' at last" =" S&rface,ter#inals sho&l' $e cleane' )here the connections for testin! are to $e #a'e" ;" Clean earth point )ith san' paper,)ire $r&sh )here earth ter#inal is to $e pro*i'e'" >" Ens&re that all the poles trip si#&ltaneo&sl% thro&!h sin!le close,trip co##an'"
6;

TESTING PROCEDURES:

CIRCUIT BREAKER INDIA

POWER GRID CORPORATION OF

/" Connect the R, @,

Phase #arkin! ca$les are connecte' )ith anal%-er an' colo&r co'e are to $e

the proper place in the C

#aintaine' for all three poles of C " 1" (ake connections for recor'in! operatin! ti#in!s of a&xiliar% contacts" 4" Connect the $reaker control ca$le an' coil c&rrent #eas&rin! ca$le to the proper place" 6" Gi*e close co##an' to closin! coil of the circ&it $reaker an' note 'o)n the #ain contacts closin! ti#in!s an' a&xiliar% contacts chan!e o*er ti#e" Take the printo&t fro# the anal%-er" If PIR is present, then note 'o)n the PIR contacts closin! ti#e" =" Gi*e trippin! co##an' to trip coil-/ of the circ&it $reaker an' note 'o)n the #ain contact openin! ti#in!s an' a&xiliar% contacts chan!e o*er ti#e" If PIR is present the note the PIR contacts openin! ti#in!s an' take the printo&t" ;" Gi*e trippin! co##an' to trip coil-1 of the circ&it $reaker an' take the printo&t" >" Gi*e CO co##an' to the $reaker )ith o&t ti#e 'ela% if possi$le in the kit" Other)ise )e can !i*e 'ela% of /7#s prior to the closin! of the #ain contacts of the $reaker" ?" Gi*e OCO co##an' of the $reaker )ith ti#e 'ela% of 477#s $et)een open to close co##an' an' note 'o)n all the rea'in!" 9" 2ll the rea'in! sho&l' co#e )ith in the per#issi$le li#it"

"+

DEW POINT MEASUREMENT OF SF6 GAS CIRCUIT BREAKER

CIRCUIT BREAKER INDIA

POWER GRID CORPORATION OF

De) Point is the te#perat&re at )hich #oist&re content in SF; !as con'ensin!" DEW POINT MEASUREMENT OF SF6 GAS: (eas&re#ent of De) Point of SF; !as is an a'eB&ate para#eter for con'ition #onitorin! SF; !as in a C " De) Point #eas&re#ent of SF; !as in a C in'icates the chan!e in the *al&e of 'ielectric properties of SF; !as" The 'ielectric properties of SF; !as 'o !et chan!e' )ith ti#e '&e to #ixin! of i#p&rities like #oist&re, 'eco#position pro'&cts of SF; !as i"e" :%'ro Fl&ori'es, S&lf&r Fl&ori'es, etc" D.= >&#"* (* r(*.: >r.))!r. &? CB: De) point )hen #eas&re' keepin! re!&latin! *al*e in ser*ice at the o&tlet of 'e) point kit to allo) reB&ire' flo) rate of the !as, is calle' at rate' press&re of C " Inlet *al*e is opene' co#pletel%" D.= >&#"* (* (*'&)>%.r#/ >r.))!r.: De) point )hen #eas&re' $% re!&latin! the !as flo) at the inlet of 'e) point kit an' keepin! o&tlet re!&latin! *al*e in f&ll% open con'ition so that the flo) of !as is #aintaine' as reB&ire' is calle' at at#ospheric press&re .

6?

OPERATIONAL LOCKOUT CHECKING FOR CIRCUIT BREAKER

CIRCUIT BREAKER INDIA

POWER GRID CORPORATION OF

Operational locko&t test is #ore i#portant in testin! of the circ&it $reaker" eca&se if $reaker is operate' )ith lo) press&re then it )ill lea' to fail&re of the $reaker an' also $reaker can $last" 2n' also )e )ill check )hether the contacts are pick &p,'rop at the correct press&re as #entione' in the test certificate of the circ&it $reaker" In this test )e )ill check the SF; !as press&re locko&t, h%'ra&lic operatin! s%ste# locko&t, pne&#atic operatin! s%ste# locko&t" Fro# this test )e are checkin! the operational locko&t" In this press&re $reaker sho&l' not operate" If the $reaker is operate' at this press&re it )ill lea' to #a+or acci'ent" Therefore operational lock o&t is *er% i#portant factor in operation checkin! of the circ&it $reaker"

TESTING PROCEDURE: SF6 GAS PRESSURE LOCKOUT@

In SF; !as press&re locko&t, t)o )e ha*e to check one is .o) Press&re 2lar# an' other is operational locko&t checkin! of the circ&it $reaker" (4 LOW PRESSURE ALARM: /" First close the isolation *al*e $et)een the circ&it $reaker pole an' the 'ensit% #onitor" 1" Start releasin! SF; Gas fro# 'ensit% #onitor till the lo) press&re alar# contactors are act&ate' )hich is 'etecte' $% (&lti#eter 4" 0ote 'o)n the press&re an' te#perat&re at )hich the contacts !et act&ate'" 6" If ann&nciation circ&it is connecte' to the control panel, then at the sa#e ti#e )e )ill recei*e the SF; lo) press&re alar#"
69

CIRCUIT BREAKER INDIA

POWER GRID CORPORATION OF

A4 OPERATIONAL LOCKOUT: /" Contin&e releasin! the SF; Gas fro# the isolate -one till the operational locko&t contactors !et act&ate' that is 'etecte' $% (&lti#eter" 1" 0ote 'o)n the press&re an' te#perat&re at )hich the contacts are act&ate'" This press&re is calle' operational locko&t press&re" 2t the sa#e ti#e )e )ill !et ann&nciation in the control panel if ann&nciation circ&it is thro&!h" HYDRAULIC OPERATING SYSTEM LOCKOUT: (4 PUMP START2STOP: This test is to i'entif%, )hen the p&#p starts an' stop" Open the Press&re Release 8al*e CPR8< &ntil the p&#p start an' note 'o)n the press&re at )hich the p&#p start to $&il' &p the oil press&re" This press&re is to $e )ithin the li#it" 2n' also note 'o)n the press&re at )hich the p&#p stop" This sho&l' $e also )ithin the li#it" A) CB AUTO RECLOSE LOCKOUT For 2&to reclose p&rpose $reaker )ill 'o three operations COPE0-C.OSEOPE0<" For that reB&ire' oil press&re sho&l' $e there" Then onl% these three operations )ill perfor# s#oothl%" If press&re reB&ire' for a&to reclose is not there, then $reaker sho&l' not perfor# the operation" For this p&rpose onl% 2&to reclose locko&t is necessar%" Close isolation *al*e $et)een h%'ra&lic s%ste# an' press&re s)itches" Release the press&re release *al*e" 0ote 'o)n the press&re at )hich the 2&to reclose locko&t contacts of press&re s)itch !et act&ate'" It can $e 'etecte' $% &sin! the (&lti#eter"
=7

CIRCUIT BREAKER INDIA

POWER GRID CORPORATION OF

/4 CB CLOSING LOCKOUT: Release the press&re of the oil f&rther an' note 'o)n the press&re at )hich C closin! locko&t contacts of press&re s)itch !et act&ate' )hich are 'etecte' $% #&lti#eter" In this press&re $reaker sho&l' not close" For this p&rpose onl% C Closin! locko&t is pro*i'e'" :4 CB OPERATIONAL LOCKOUT: Release press&re of the oil f&rther" 0ote 'o)n the press&re at )hich the C operational locko&t contacts of press&re s)itches !et act&ate' )hich is 'etecte' $% (&lti#eter" If this press&re attaine' $reaker sho&l' not 'o an% operation e*en trippin!" .4 OPERATING PRESSURE DROP TEST: In this operatin! press&re 'rop test s)itch off the ac s&ppl% of :%'ra&lic p&#p" This test is to $e perfor#e' '&rin! OCO operation of the circ&it $reaker" 0ote 'o)n the press&re, sa#e sho&l' $e )ithin the li#it Cas reco##en'e' $% #an&fact&rer<" PNEUMATIC OPERATING SYSTEM LOCKOUT: (4 COMPRESSOR START2STOP SWITCH: /" Close the isolatin! *al*e of the Circ&it $reaker )ith co#pressor" 1" Release the air into the at#osphere fro# the co#pressor" 0ote 'o)n the press&re at )hich co#pressor start, sa#e sho&l' $e )ithin the li#it" 4" 2n' also note 'o)n the press&re at )hich the co#pressor stop )hich is to $e )ithin the li#it. A4 OPERATING PRESSURE DROP TEST: In this press&re 'rop test, ac s&ppl% of the co#pressor keeps in off position" Then !i*e OPE0- C.OSE- OPE0 co##an' to the $reaker after finishin! this operation, note 'o)n the press&re )hich is to $e )ithin the li#it"

CIRCUIT BREAKER INDIA

POWER GRID CORPORATION OF

a&to reclose locko&t, close locko&t G !eneral locko&t as sa#e as

'1

h%'ra&lic operatin! locko&t"

COIL RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT

67738 Circ&it $reaker has three coils" T)o Trip coils an' One Close coil" Ae ha*e to #eas&re the coil resistance of the coils in the circ&it $reaker" This can $e 'one $% &sin! (&lti#eter" Ae ha*e to in+ect so#e #ini#&# *olta!e thro&!h (&lti#eter across the trip an' close coils an' correspon'in! resistance )ill $e 'ispla%e' in the (&lti#eter" 0ote 'o)n the resistance *al&e an' the sa#e *al&e sho&l' $e near )ith the Factor% Test Res&lt"

POLE DISCREPANCY RELAY TESTING:

Pole 'iscrepanc% is 'efine' as the 'ifference in closin! an' openin! ti#in!s of 'ifferent poles of Circ&it $reaker" For si#&ltaneo&s operation of the circ&it $reaker, Pole 'iscrepanc% rela% is reB&ire'" This test is to $e 'one in t)o position of the circ&it $reaker" /" A:E0 RE23ER I0 OPE0 POSITIO0 1" A:E0 RE23ER I0 C.OSE POSITIO0 IN OPEN CONDITION Gi*e close co##an' to one pole onl%, sa% R- Pole of Circ&it 2fter closin! R- Pole of the Circ&it reaker"

reaker, then i##e'iatel% Pole Discrepanc% Rela%

)ill pick&p ,an' a&to#aticall% after 1"= secon's the rela% )ill trip the R Pole Cas per the Pole Discrepanc% Ti#er settin!s<" Repeat the test for re#ainin! t)o poles of the Circ&it $reaker. IN CLOSED POSITION Gi*e trip co##an' to one pole, sa% R- Pole, of circ&it $reaker" Then i##e'iatel% the rela% )ill pick&p, an' it )ill open the re#ainin! @ an' t)o poles of the circ&it $reaker" poles of the circ&it $reaker a&to#aticall% after 1"= secon's" Repeat the sa#e test for the re#ainin!

CIRCUIT BREAKER INDIA

POWER GRID CORPORATION OF

Per#issi$le *al&e of pole 'iscrepanc% $et)een the t)o poles of the circ&it $reaker is 4"44#s an' ="7 #s for trippin! an' closin! respecti*el%"
=1

CHECKING THE NITROGEN PRIMING PRESSURE

1. First open the press&re release *al*e till the press&re !a&!e sho) -ero. 1" Close the press&re release *al*e" Shortl% after the oil p&#p starts, the press&re in the acc&#&lator can $e rea' in the press&re !a&!e" This press&re is calle' pri#in! press&re of 0itro!en" 4" Pri#in! press&re of nitro!en sho&l' $e )ithin the li#it"

CHECKING THE ANTI7PUMPING FEATURE:

2nti p&#pin! rela% )ill pre*ent the h&ntin! of the $reaker" 2nti p&#pin! rela% )ill not allo) the contin&o&s co##an' to the $reaker Ahen the $reaker is in open con'ition, the closin! an' openin! co##an's are !i*en si#&ltaneo&sl%, the $reaker first closes an' then opens, $&t 'oes not reclose e*en tho&!h the closin! co##an' is #aintaine'"

MINIMUM PICKUP OLTAGE OF COIL#

The #ini#&# pick&p *olta!e is 'efine' as the #ini#&# *olta!e reB&ire' to pick&p the coil C$oth trip an' close< of the circ&it $reaker" This can $e 'one on the follo)in! coils" /" C.OSE COI. 1" TRIP COI.-/ 4" TRIP COI.-1 The test can $e 'one &sin! the follo)in! instr&#ents" The% are /" 82RI2C 1" CO08ERTER 4" (U.TI(ETER ARIAC:

CIRCUIT BREAKER INDIA

POWER GRID CORPORATION OF

This instr&#ent is &se' to increase the *olta!e !ra'&all% fro# -ero" The ratin! of the *ariac is 7-1=78 2C"
=4

CON ERTER: This is &se' to con*ert the ac s&ppl% to 'c s&ppl%, )hich is to $e !i*en to the trip an' close coils of the circ&it $reaker" MULTIMETER: It is &se' to #eas&re the DC *olta!e applie' to the coils of the circ&it $reaker" It is to #eas&re the #ini#&# pick&p *olta!e of the coils of the circ&it $reaker CONNECTIONS FOR TEST: /" Connect the 147 * ac s&ppl% to the inp&t of the *ariac" 1" The o&tp&t of the *ariac is connecte' to the con*erter" 4" Connect the o&tp&t of the con*erter to the trip an' close coils of the eB&ip#ent an' #&lti#eter" TESTING PROCEDURES: /" S)itch off the DC s&ppl% / an' 1" 1" First connect the o&tp&t of the con*erter to the close coils of the $reaker" Increase the ac s&ppl% !ra'&all% fro# -ero $% &sin! *ariac" Correspon'in!l% the con*erter )ill con*ert the ac *olta!e into 'c *olta!e" 4" 0ote 'o)n at )hat *olta!e the coil pick&p an' close the $reaker" This *olta!e is calle' #ini#&# pick&p *olta!e for close coils of the circ&it $reaker" 6" Repeat the sa#e proce'&re for $oth the Trip Coil / an' Trip coil 1" =" 0ote 'o)n the #ini#&# pick&p *olta!e of $oth Trip coil / G 1"

CIRCUIT BREAKER INDIA

POWER GRID CORPORATION OF

;" 2ll the rea'in! sho&l' co#e )ithin the per#issi$le li#it CFactor% Test Report<"

=6

PRECOMMISSIONING CHECKS IN CIRCUIT BREAKER /

efore co##issionin! the circ&it $reaker )e ha*e to check the follo)in! thin!s in the $reaker" The% are as liste' $elo)" /" S&pport str&ct&res, #arshallin! $ox ha*e $een pro*i'e' )ith Do&$le Earth" 1" EB&ip#ent is free fro# 'irt, '&st, forei!n #aterials" 4" Earthin! of the $reaker sho&l' $e properl% )el'e'" 6" EB&ip#ent is free fro# all ph%sical 'efects" =" .e*ellin! an' ali!n#ent of str&ct&re an' $ase fra#e is checke'" ;" 2ll $olts an' n&ts sho&l' $e properl% ti!htene' )ith specifie' torB&e" >" 2&xiliar% contacts an' rela%s ha*e $een cleane' an' free fro# '&st, 'a#a!e" ?" 2ll the ter#inals sho&l' $e properl% ti!htene' in the control $ox an' #arshalin! $ox" 9" 2ll the spare )ire to $e kept )ith ferr&les $&t not ter#inate' at the ter#inal $locks" /7" Check the oil leaka!e an' SF; !as leaka!e thro&!h an% +oints" //" Check the &n&se' holes in the $ox to $e close'" /1" I'entification of the poles sho&l' $e 'one"

CIRCUIT BREAKER INDIA

POWER GRID CORPORATION OF

/4" Check the operatin! s%ste# of the $reaker in openin! an' closin! operation"

==

/6" If operatin! s%ste# is h%'ra&lic, then check the 'etails of acc&#&lator, p&#p, rela%s an' contactors" /=" Check the specifie' t%pe of h%'ra&lic oil is &se'" /;" P&#p r&nnin! ti#e for char!in! h%'ra&lic s%ste# fro# initial press&re to )orkin! press&re" The sa#e is to $e co#pare' )ith factor% test res&lts" />" Check all the tests are co#plete' in circ&it $reaker as per the sche'&le" /?" Check the co&nter rea'in! of the circ&it $reaker" /9" Check external ca$lin! fro# #arshallin! $ox to rela%, control roo# is co#plete'" 17" Check all the ca$les an' core are ter#inate' as per the sche#atic 'ia!ra#" 1/" Check the ann&nciation in control roo# accor'in! to the operations 'one in circ&it $reaker" 11" Check the interpole ca$lin! is 'one as per the 'ia!ra#" 14" Check all the ca$les are pro*i'e' )ith ca$le ta!s" 16" 2ll the cores are pro*i'e' )ith i'entification ferr&les"

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=;

,-.ACCEPTABLE 2 PERMISSIBLE LIMITS OF 600K CB

SL.NO
/

DESCRIPTION
C Operatin! ti#e 2< Closin! Ti#e C(ax< < Trip Ti#e C(ax< Close, Trip Ti#e Pole Discrepanc% 2< Phase To Phase C(ax< -Close Operation < Phase to Phase C(ax< - Open Operation C< reak to reak C(ax< Of the Sa#e Pole Sa#plin! FreB&enc% for Operatin! Ti#e (eas&re#ent Trip Dela% Ti#e for DCR( Test CCO< Sa#plin! FreB&enc% for DCR( 2n' Contact Tra*el (eas&re#ent 2< Tan Delta of !ra'in! capacitors < Rate of rise in Tan Delta C< Capacitance of !ra'in! capacitors Contact Resistance of C Contact Resistance of C ter#inal connector IR 82.UE 2< Phase - Earth < 2cross open contacts C< Control ca$les Tra*el of operatin! ro' of C 2< :E. < 2RE82 C< 2 D< CG.

PERMSSIBLE LIMITS
/=7#s 1=#s ="7 #s 4"44 #s 1"= #s = 3:477#s /73:7"77>C(ax< 7"77/C(ax< M =H of rate' *al&e >= RS per $reak C(ax< /7 RS per connector /777 (S C(in< /777 (S C(in< =7 (S C(in< /47 ## /?6 ## 177 ## /67 ##

4 6 = ;

> ? 9

/7

=>

CIRCUIT BREAKER INDIA

POWER GRID CORPORATION OF

,5. CONCLUSION
I ha*e explaine' this pro+ect after thoro&!h st&'% of the 'etails an' )orkin! experience relate' to the 67738 SF; circ&it $reaker )hich is $ein! operate' in o&r po)er s%ste#" In this pro+ect, I explaine' the thin!s pertainin! to the 67738 SF; circ&it $reaker s&ch as constr&ction 'etails, )orkin! principle, *ario&s #aintenance acti*ities, Preco##issionin! test an' one fail&re report of the 67738SF; :E. circ&it $reaker" I hope, I ha*e 'isc&sse' all the thin!s relate' to the 67738SF; circ&it $reaker" The infor#ation of this pro+ect f&rnishe' as per #% kno)le'!e is tr&e"

=?

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POWER GRID CORPORATION OF

,6. BIBLIOGRAPHY
/" (20U2.S OF :E. CIRCUIT RE23ER 1" POAERGRID CO0TRO. DOCU(E0T OF PER(ISSI .E .I(ITS 4" POAERGRID PRE8E0TI8E (2I0TE020CE SC:EDU.E 6" POAERGRID PRECO((ISSIO0I0G FOR(2T =" POAER S@STE( @ - 8"3 (ET:2

=9