Policing and the media perspective 1

Policing and the media’s perspective

By

David G. Caban, MBA

 Policing and the media perspective 2

Abstract

Policing history has had an arrayed of ties within the community servicing,

politician, and organized crime. This concept eventually evolved to policing corruption,

because of attachments to each segment policing embraced elements of favoritism and

bribes (Keppeler, 1995).

Policing derives from the community, and the community that circumference

humans have needs for survival (Keppeler, 1995). This is to say; culturally people are

depended on safety, security, and the protection of well-being. To determine the

causation of police corruption one has to first determine the scope of humanity in regards

to social acceptance (Keppeler, 1995). However, it is determine by the powers that be.
 Policing and the media perspective 3

Table of Contents
I. Title 1
II. Abstract 2
III. Table of Contents 3
IV. The exposing historical and present elements of policing 4
a. Governmental corruption 7

b. Society deception on the War on Crime 18

c. Policing, the puppet deceiving society 19
V. Policing favors and their perception 20
a. Policing perception on the criminal 24
b. Policing perception based on theory 30
VI. Media perspective on policing and the fear of crime 36
a. Governmental & corporate ownership 38
b. The real agenda 39
VII Conclusion 44
VII. References 46
 Policing and the media perspective 4

The exposing historical and present elements of policing

The duty of policing is composed in comparison of other professional position,

but the professional behavior is learned through experience. Policing is always within the

process of innovating newer strategies that evolves from past performance of policing

(Kappeler, 1995, pg., 3). The individual that is the police officer is human-being, and is

not robotic. However, that individual derived within a society that shares a common-

interest (Keppeler, 1995). Historically, policing has service community that shares a

commonality; such as, same racial cultural ethnicity, values, norms, and common-interest

(Keppeler, 1995, pg. 5). When policing exposes their commonality to friends, family, and

others within their role, and-or off-duty environment the probability for corruption would

likely occurred (Kappeler et al, 1995). Through such concept policing would developed a

favorable position such as, the preventable measure of exposure policing would

considered financial rewards due to economical instability within their environment

(Keppeler, 1995, pg. 7).

Earlier American Policing was provided authority by local municipality therefore;

police department lacked the powerful, centralized authority that would establish as

legitimate, unifying mandate for their enterprise (Keppeler, 1995, pg. 5). The manner to

which policing derived both their resources and authoritarian complex was from local

political groups such as, mayors, city officials, senators, and congressman leaders known

as politicians (Keppeler, 1995, pg. 5). The types of conceptuality of historical policing

were local favoritism provided by the local citizenry (Keppeler, 1995, pg. 5). When
 Policing and the media perspective 5

policing requirements regarding proper ethical conduct where mandated caused policing

to struggle with their various interest groups that provided their local entity (Keppeler,

1995, pg. 5). Therefore, the proper purpose of policing is to be won by the legal elements

that create the legal law, regulation, and precincts level of authority within societal

(Keppeler et al, 1995). This is the only reason why policing should only be affluent to

local politicians that serves the sole purpose of instituting, and creating local, state, and

federal laws (Keppeler, 1995, pg. 6-7). Theoretically, without this concept policing would

be accessible to defend particular elements within society that would widen furtherance

of police corruption. This theory would perhaps delineate the objective of policing, and it

would intensify a manheim within society (Keppeler, 1995, pg. 6).

The ideology of embracing policing within the political infrastructure to enforce

the law would consider being favorable. However, the link that was developed between

neighborhoods where off-duty police officers resided, and local politicians their still

existed elements of corruption (Keppeler, 1995, pg. 5). Some theorist believes that early

policing that had links or ties to both their neighborhoods, and politicians became

adjuncts to local political machinery (Keppeler, 1995, pg. 5). This relationship was often

reciprocal.

The political machinery which was a joint venture of policing working with local

politicians that both recruited, and mandated policing individuals either within the district

offices, and on the beat (Keppeler, 1995, pg. 5). While policing was walking the beat

enforcing lawful orders they also helped coerce the local citizenry to elect political

leaders within their community, so these political officials can maintain their political

status within society (Keppeler, 1995, pg. 7). The best police officer would talk to local
 Policing and the media perspective 6

citizens, and businesses to encourage them to vote for certain candidates as

encouragement not through coercion (Keppeler, 1995, pg. 5). If the citizenry refuses to

either cooperate or comply with policing regarding voting in the manner of policing

coercion policing would discouraged their concept of thinking. Perhaps, policing would

observe the individuals opinion and-or beliefs as a potential criminal nature (Keppeler,

1995). Such common practices were traditionally accepted, and certain citizens found it

favorable. When citizens determine what is too be favorable it would mean that they

would be offer protection, safety, and security. This was a common concern especially

for business owners, because during the early American periods of poverty and financial

deprivation was staggering. Therefore, they viewed that by complying with policing

working alongside with politicians would provide their stable security (Keppeler, 1995,

pg. 7-8).

Through the practice of policing encouraging the citizenry to vote for local

politicians there was an illegal practice of election rigging (Keppeler, 1995, pg. 6). This

type of practices attributes a negative reflection, and characteristics of policing. Police

battles with two central fronts: one was that local politicians required policing to fulfill

demands such as; law enforcing both local and state, serving the courts, and political

offices (Keppeler, 1995). Theoretically, when policing was patrolling political offices

they developed what was known as a conflict of interest. This conflict of interest was the

social acceptable behavior between policing and politicians (Keppeler, 1995). This may

not seem as negative perception, but became the central benchmark for political

favoritism (Keppeler, 1995). Cultural practices was also acceptable such as; within the

southern states in the United States racial segregation practices was common, and the
 Policing and the media perspective 7

inhumane treatment that both policing and the media perceived as a social appropriate

practice (Keppeler, 1995, pg. 8-9). This practice emanated the conflict theory between

two societies, that policing and political interest of targeting the lower social classes of

society (Barkan, 2001).

Secondly, policing demanded both the organization from the public as well as, the

demands of public safety, and protection within the citizenry environment (Keppeler,

1995, pg. 6). The citizenry requested that policing walk the beat, and by doing so gave

policing interaction both with the public and the public is given the security sense of

safety and protection (Keppeler, 1995, pg. 8). When these practices between policing and

the public failed there arouse the negative feedback of both poor communication between

the public and policing, and the inevitable downfall of policing corruption that affected

the publics mind and perception (Keppeler, 1995, pg. 9).

Theoretically, when policing fails their ethical and-or societal expectation of

duties policing would expose certain elements of corruption. In other words, political and

policing combine with elements of organized crime, policing would become more active

with elements of organized crime (Keppeler, 1995). During the era of prohibition Al

Capone had members of the Chicago Police Department covering and protecting

elements of his organized crime (Rock, 1995, pg. 396). Mostly, policing would not act on

elements of criminality on its’ own, rather it would be both protected, and rewarded by

political elements (Keppeler, 1995, pg. 358-359).

 Policing and the media perspective 8

Governmental Corruption

To determine any elements of governmental corruption can be displayed in several

variables. One variable is that it would be utilized throughout this presentation when

policing discloses elements of negligence and lack their duty (Keppeler, 1995). The

concept of brutality that is associated with policing has been an identifying issue since the

inauguration of the municipal policing in 1844 (Keppeler, 1995). These aspects of

policing conduct have been exaggerated, repeated exposure, and virulent criticism

(Keppeler, 1995, pg. 293). This has always stemmed to be a serious sociological problem.

On the contrary, policing is allowed to use excessive force when only to subdue an

individual who is resisting apprehension. However, there are limits and guidelines that

only the suspect or individual would know the scope or duty of policing (Keppeler,

1995).

The genesis and the function of illegal use of police violence present an explanation.

This is solely based on the interpretative understanding of the individual police officer,

and the year of experience policing has with the profession (Keppeler, 1995). The

historical perspective of policing violence is justified in three ways, and with

governmental supportive inquires which the media would perceive are as follow

(Keppeler, 1995, pg. 293):

A. Policing traditionally accepts and morally justifies their illegal use of force.

During the episodes policing encounters with the individual the individual police

officer is subsequently trained in the mannerism of reporting (Keppeler, 1995). In

other words, they are trained to manipulate their findings of both the crime scene,

and the mannerism in dealing with citizenry.

 Policing and the media perspective 9

B. The acceptance and justification is based on police occupational experience.

Policing individuals would tend to justify in the mannerism of their conduct, and

both the media and the court system would consider the police expertise of their

profession. Such apprehension is tied along with incident that the police officer

encounters with the individuals (Keppeler, 1995, pg. 293). Policing would

demonstrate to the state on how the individual or culprit reprehensively from their

cooperation of not complying with policing.

C. Policing conduct whether performed professionally and-or the use of illegal force

and-or conduct would tend to be socially accepted rule of conduct within the legal

body elements such as, courts that would stem to justify policing behavior

(Keppeler, 1995, pg. 293).

D. The analysis drawn depicts the occupational perspective on the use of violence by

policing. In other words, the explanation provided by the police individual would

tend to justify the practice used to subdue the suspect (Keppeler, 1995, pg. 298).

Thus, the meaning of this use of violence is derived by relating it to the general

behavior of police occupation, and such occupation in general are illuminated through the

delineation within the mannerism of they handle the nature of their duty (Keppeler, 1995,

pg. 293). The interesting insight of how policemen handled a situation is based solely on

the physical, mental, and biological trait of the individual police officer. In other words,

the policing individual characteristics start from the individual, but because of their

position within society it would stem to embrace their psychosis much further (Keppeler,

1995, pg. 293).

 Policing and the media perspective 10

The social definition of the occupation invest in its’ members with a commonality

prestige. A man or woman occupation is a major determining factor of his or her conduct

and social identity (Keppeler, 1995). This concept is not viewed on the individual’s

persona relating to his or her work, but it would perceive beyond their work or

professional behavior. Policing would go beyond the normal range in comparison to

normal line of employment. It would view the police-officer normal scope of their

employment, but the social-psychological identity goes beyond the scope of their

normality identity of both their professional individualism and their employment status

(Keppeler, 1995).

To discover the behavior aspect of policing one must understand the individual’s

definition of self and conduct (Keppeler, 1995). This would focus more than just the

routine technical demands of public work. Then one must understand the social

relationship between their colleqes, policing, status, and their self-conception (Keppeler,

1995, pg. 394). To better understand these definitions the researcher must investigate

their occupational problems in correlation to genetics. In other words, reviewing the

individual physical characteristics, psychological, sociological background to better

determine why the individual committed any offenses (Keppeler, 1995, pg. 294).

The policeman is also known as a public official which is a public duty settling

and dealing with locals concern. They would also insure that lawful orders were carried

out, and they would be the governmental vehicles to enforce the law (Keppeler, 1995).

Their duty is to enforce the rules and to discipline by authority those who are outside the

scope of the societal legal mainframe (Keppeler, 1995). Their duty of performance is

graded by the public; because the public and-or individual would know the role of
 Policing and the media perspective 11

policing by their ethical conduct, and the service that they promise under to oath to

protect the rights of the citizenry (Keppeler, 1995, pg. 294-295).

The conceptuality to uphold the oath of office has been a debacle for several years

however; both the police and other public officials sworn to uphold and defend the

Constitution of the United States. The purpose of policing is to defend the rights of its

citizenry with equality and integrity regardless, of the individual’s status quo, and social

identity. Through this concept and if policing walks outside the scope of publics

expectation policing would be viewed as corrupt, and inefficient to fulfill its role

(Keppeler, 1995).

Society would criticize the poor mannerism of policing through police

misconduct. Throughout policing history there lies a certain boundary that some policing

official would cross to justify their course, especially if there is a potential problem

(Keppeler, 1995, pg. 296). The policing individual may feel that their position within

society should be viewed by their sole discretion and not by what society perceives it.

Some policing and political officials feel that if society knew the true role of policing

then society may pose a possible legal advantage (Keppeler, 1995).

To have rules, regulation work for the betterment of societal is to provide the

public the necessary translation that rules would apply for the best interest of the

environment (Alexander & Sherwin, 2001, pg. 53). This would mean that a set of

authoritative-rules can potentially loose ground to what is acceptable for society can have

conflicting laws must have accountability to its’ citizenry therefore; the citizenry has a

responsibility to address, adhere, to their perception norm aspect regarding relationship

between two variables; law and morality (Alexander & Sherwin, 2001, pg. 3).
 Policing and the media perspective 12

The legal precept of laws created, as a rule to guide so society within a

geographical location must accept, adhere to local law. The conflicting issue result from

two variables is legal positivism, and the natural theory of law (Alexander & Sherwin,

2001, pg. 3). This is a major concern for jurisprudence because if both elements are

conflicting then legality is in error, and this is where society conflicts with the moral

issue of law. The legal rules must have a moral value that society must find acceptable.

What becomes conflicting is when legal issue is not within the acceptable terms with

society (Alexander & Sherwin, 2001, pg. 4-5).

The main function for jurisprudence is to comprise, designed laws that societal to

proofread whether or not it is acceptable. It is necessary for the community to have

general rules regarding whose authority settle disputing matters requiring settlements;

general rules of conduct that settles individuals disputes is determine within the

governmental infrastructure. Judges are empowered to settle disputes however gray areas

of uncertainty or disagreements over legal meanings would likely infringe relation within

society (Alexander & Sherwin, 2001, pg. 4). In other words, society should determine

what moral conduct, legal rules that should be both applicable and enforceable

(Alexander & Sherwin, 2001, pg. 4).

When governmental infrastructure settles societal disputes is an indicator how

government utilizes what is and what is not socially acceptable (Alexander & Sherwin,

2001, pg. 4). Does this infringe constitutional elements? Historical data displayed that the

U.S. Constitution was initiated by governmental means to guide the course of its

citizenry. Theoretically, several legal scholars determined that the U.S Constitution was

designed for the wealthy elite of society; leaving gray questionable concern for the
 Policing and the media perspective 13

citizenry that represents the masses of society (Alexander & Sherwin, 2001, pg. 5). As a

result, it creates a matter of difficulty for local court system to interpret rules that society

has difficulty interpreting (Alexander & Sherwin, 2001, pg. 4).

When laws becomes difficult to settle among its’ citizenry the probability for

morality of justice would detour to criminality that is disguised as legality (Alexander &

Sherwin, 2001, pg. 5). Theoretically, this is one element how the legal designers can

pervert, pollute by instigating laws that would deprive society the promised of liberty and

protection of its citizenry (Alexander & Sherwin, 2001, pg. 6).

The legal instrument initiated and justifies the matters, and every corporate

element that embraces and circumference the greed in relation to capitalism has its aim

on certain political and-or corporate agenda (Partnoy, 2002, pg. 143-144). For example,

the suspension of constitutional laws and liberties of its citizens. The concept of morality

is what subjects the moral law, it is relatively to character or conduct, confirmed to or

direct towards what is right or wrong. In other words, moral is directed in accordance and

direction of what the governmental infrastructure that overseas societies determine what

is and what is not the morality issue of law (Partnoy, 2002, pg. 143-144). This is where

the conflict of legal, rules that society compromises may inflict when governmental

infrastructure intervenes to determine the settlement within societal relation (Alexander

& Sherwin, 2001).

The relation of corporate-governmental is when institutional banking elites

persuade governmental law makers to create laws that infringe governmental-corporate

relation with society (Partnoy, 2002, pg. 144). A sample would be the synerio of Arthur

Levitt Jr. and Mark C. Brickell. Levitt was the Chairman of the Security and Exchange
 Policing and the media perspective 14

Commission; the primary regulator of financial institutions within the United States a

federal agency that advertised itself as “the investors advocates” (Partnoy, 2002, pg. 141).

Whereas, Brickell was a vice-president of J.P. Morgan and the top lobbyist for an

investors trade group called the ISDA. This mechanism persuaded lawmakers to allow

the unregulated derivatives markets to grow unchecked since 1985. It was surprising how

much influential unrestricted authority these two individuals were in sync (Partnoy, 2002,

pg. 142). In relation to morality is how these two individuals (Arthur Levitt & Mark

Brickell) where able to influence Congress, Securities and Exchange Commission, Wall

Street to controlled spending, controlled pricing that does benefit society, but rather

infringes shareholders, employee 401-K investment relation (Partnoy, 2002, pg. 144).

This type of scam is definitely a white-collar that is nonchecked, and the probability of

any level of punishment would be renounce.

The achievement of Economic Management is centered on what the political

infrastructure determine to publicly instigate what is morally correct within the concept

of law (Chomsky, 2000, pg. 81). The ideological concept of the “great society” is

pleasing the wealthy citizenry of the elite. The natural domestic policies were transfer of

resources of the wealthy, partially dismantling of the limited welfare system, and attack

on unions and real wages. By targeting the welfare system is by reverse support of certain

citizens residing within the governmental housing; those residing are the predominate

African American (Chomsky, 2000, pg. 81). The program is not designed to provide hope

for this particular society instead, it persuades through the educational system legally to

become a repetitive cycle.

 Policing and the media perspective 15

Policing in the one hand targets such area and the media publicly declaring where

criminality exist (Chomsky, 2000, pg. 81-82). This ideology lie within the strain theory;

where individuals succumb with stressor for achievement. However, are hopeless in lieu

to joblessness, lacking educational assistance, poor governmental housing (Chomsky,

2000, pg. 82). These are becoming experimental grounds to push drugs for a period of

time-policing justifiably targets these elements of criminality (Partnoy, 2002, pg. 8).

According to Partnoy (2002) by political influences Congress initiates legal rules

to deregulate labor force wages. Most of this practice is conducted through lobbying-

which is a vehicle that corporations affordability to persuade lawmakers cutting back

education, which intensifies homelessness (joblessness), initiating a better healthcare

system, and welfare system (Partnoy, 2002, pg. 8-9). This ideology is what instigates

poverty level that has similarity to communism.

Interesting lawyers practicing within the Security Exchange and Wall Street pretty

much disagreed through counteraction when individuals such as, Arthur Levitt and Mark

Brickell that has no law degree nor any jurisprudence conceptuality of legal ethics to

determine the fateful deciding factor for Congress initiating or create laws through an

effort of justification (Chomsky, 2000, pg. 83). Some lawyers strongly feel that such

practices residing within Washington D.C. has no common interest benefiting any level

of aspiration towards society. Rather, the elite-political and corporate infrastructure that

was intended to service the public became public enemy. In other words, the publicly

deprive society must abide by the political corporate agenda.

Throughout 1994-1995, Brickell and Levitt worked to protect the financial

industrial interest through new legislation passed by Congress (Chomsky, 2000, pg. 142).
 Policing and the media perspective 16

In 1994, lobbyist waited for investors to calm-down from the shock of how much money-

fund managers and corporate treasurers had lost due to the gambling with interest rates.

When the legislation was introduced Brickell fought it and Levitt gave speeches saying

that the financial industry should consider policing itself. In other words, this gave

corporation the covert-green light to instigate independent regulation they chose to

perform what benefits the corporation minus the employee (Partnoy, 2002, pg. 156).

These issues were complicated because the political-corporate practices were

within secrecy, and the public was never made aware. When the public became aware of

corporate scandal, and the detrimental losses of millions of dollars heavy investors,

Congress has less public consideration (Partnoy, 2002, pg. 23). Instead, Congress

initiated newer derivative regulation; various federal agencies, and even the Supreme

Court instigated Congress to create new legal rules that insulated Wall Street from

liability, and enabled financial firms to regulate themselves. This within a nutshell is

what Congress allow both Wall Street, corporation the protection deregulating

shareholders fair protection (Partnoy, 2002, pg. 143). Under the influence of Levitt and

Brickell, regulators essentially left the abuses of the 1990’s to what Justice Cardozo had

called “morals of the market place” (Partnoy, 2002).

Morality, what is the legal rule for acceptability regardless of what political-

corporate corruption that is potentially under the moral concept of law. The innocence of

society having to comply with such practices may surpass the strain cycle to the level of

criminal behavior for the means of survival (Chomsky, 2000). Does morality within law,

justice is designed to benefit society, or the elite political-corporate infrastructure that

intended the law to target and imprisoned society? It is obvious that the law curtails to the
 Policing and the media perspective 17

interest of the political-corporate elite to manipulate the law under “moral” pretense to

target society (Partnoy, 2002, pg. 146-147).

In correlation of crime to poverty the President Johnson Administration uses the

concept of “War against Poverty” that would potentially reduced the relativity of poverty

association with criminality (Atkinson A.B., 1983, pg. 253). However, this ideology

became the winning ingredient for Johnson’s 1964 Presidential election. Theoretically,

during the Kennedy Administration they contributed to the re-awakening of interest to

adapt this concept of the war on poverty. Poverty between 1960 through the mid 1970’s

was the main concern for political interest. During the 1970’s was a period of suburban

living increase.

The population grew and the predominating upper social classes, especially, Jews,

Whites and fewer upper social class minorities relocated within the suburban location

(Atkinson A.B., 1983, pg. 255). Policing targeted the inner-city arenas because political-

corporate interested persuaded that such criminal elements existed. The information

provided was correct which pretty much lead to the disproportionate number of African

Americans and other minority’s arrest, convicted.

Since the early 1980 the suburban environment increased with different racial

cultural ethnic groups. Suburban areas began to deteriorate because of the increase of

joblessness, and educational as well as the expansion of financial deprivation. Policing

targeting local areas influx for policing to decentralize within certain geographical

suburban neighborhoods to target crime.

The unprecedented result is the increase tougher laws on crimes that cause the

increase potential of minorities especially, the African American detain, arrest, and less
 Policing and the media perspective 18

discretion judges provide while an individual is undergoing trial (Atkinson A.B., 1883,

pg. 255-256).

Societal Deception on the concept on the War on Crime

The theoretical debate is this genocidal? The concept on the War on Drugs, crime

is not exactly war against the substance itself, because items are subject for taxation

(Randall, 1998, pg. 9). Rather a particular population because African American

constitute a disproportionate number of those subjected to detain, arrest, prosecution, and

incarceration for illicit drug trafficking (Randall, 1998, pg. 9-10). Decriminalizing drug

use on the grounds that decriminalization would amount to genocide racial minorities

would constitute a disproportionate number of those allowed to pursue their drug habits

without deterrent intervention by the state (Randall, 1998, pg. 9).

If the African American representing only 15% of the entire United States

population and almost half of such population serving jail, and prison incarceration

would constitute genocidal. This form of genocidal treatment had always existed within

the United States Society because it has always been embedded.

The practice performed on the Native American Indians is a primitive example of

sicknesses and diseases were transformed from one environment to another (Lewy, 1964

pg. 55). In merchant exchanges between the early “elite” European Settlers they

exchange clothing and blankets that were embedded with diseases, such as, smallpox, and

other biohazard diseases intentionally to destroy a race. According to Lewy (1964) that

Ward Churchill a professor of ethnic studies at the University of Colorado stated “a

reduction of North American Indians population from an estimated 12 million in 1500 to

barely 237,000 in 1900 represent a vast genocide” This form of philosophy incorporated
 Policing and the media perspective 19

within the legal guidelines of our governmental practices is enforceable to this present

day (Lewy, 1964, pg. 55-56). For example, t he depopularization of both Iraq and

Afghanistan, which is an ideology centering on world dominion.

Policing, the puppet deceiving society

Reproducing order is not just a term used in old-fashioned policing, but rather, a

concept or ideology similar to a play or playing sports. It focuses how policing should

have confronted when dealing with either the innocent or guilty party. The ideology focus

is not just the institution of either corrections or rehabilitation centers; such as, jails,

prisons, parole, and probation system that ONLY provide one thing (non-rehabilitation),

which is problematic (Erickson, 1982, pg. 4). The common problem is that crime is

determine by what the political infrastructure would determine, and the existing relation

between these two variables police and the individual (potential suspect) is the

unforeseen drama that occurred when both variables are confronted (Erickson, 1982).

The determining factor is the amount of funding that is channel down from

government hierarchy that would expand the size of policing (Erickson, 1982, pg. 4). On

the contrary, smaller policing agency like the TV sitcom “Dukes of Hazards” is non-

existent. Smaller policing agencies have merged to larger policing agencies, because

influential methods of centralization and decentralization (Erickson, 1982, pg. 4). This

form of ideology permeates the influx of sophisticated policing entity that could divulge,

if not aimed to control society (Erickson, 1982, pg. 4). Theoretically, does this mean that

the political agenda is to create a police-state community? Police- state community that is

designed to target not words, such as, crimes, but rather, a “police state”? The central
 Policing and the media perspective 20

authorities of policing would indirectly answer, yes, because of policing incidents that

occurred within the past several decades; therefore, it became a viable alternative to

merge the smaller policing entities with larger policing agencies (Erickson, 1982, pg. 4).

On the contrary, this would be hypocritical because policing misconduct existed within

larger policing entities (Erickson, 1982, pg. 5).

In other words, were political corruption lies there awaits potential policing

corruption. As a result, it can potentially develop into a problematic issue of society

becoming a target for policing.

Citizens especially minorities feel that policing should target other areas that

predominately upper social-economic class where similar crimes also exist. However,

through political motives policing is used as the striking vehicle to penetrate certain

areas, and with media continuously deceives the public with misinformation that crime

only exists within certain geographic location (Erickson, 1982, pg.6). Theoretically,

several researchers argue this may be the reason why U.S. Prison Population is a mostly

minority as opposed to political/corporate members (elite), and upper social class

population (Erickson, 1982, pg. 6).

Policing favors and their perception

A couple of years ago August Vollmer a criminologist who studied policing

behavior emphasized that the individual being suited for police work was the factor

responsible for subsequent deviancy among the ranks of officers (Keppeler, 1995, pg.

186). This approach implicitly assumes inherent personality characteristics to be the

determinant that makes a police recruit into either a good or bad byproduct of policing
 Policing and the media perspective 21

(Keppeler, 1995, pg. 186). Vollmer suggested that the quality of police work is ultimately

dependant upon the individual police officer. This is the only method of police personal

management determinability is that the individual police officer must adapt to serve the

interest of society (Keppeler, 1995).

According to Nicholas Nazaretian (2004) the police officer is to be reviewed as if

dealing with a typical individual. N. Nazaretian, (personal communication, November 16,

2004). The candidate may be reviewed legitimate and professional, however, criminal

behavior is a learned behavior that police officer can acquire within their ranks. N.

Nazaretian (personal communication, November 16, 2004).

The individual police candidate background may have been research to determine

whether or not if any criminal elements such as early arrest, convictions, and if the

candidate may have either family historical lineage or members ever incarcerated. This

could potentially explain why the individual police officer would commit an offense N.

Nazaretian (personal communication, November 16, 2004).

If the individual police officer commits an offense then perhaps the individual

chosen for policing had already become contaminated prior to being hired as a member of

the force (Keppeler, 1995, pg. 186). Through this concept the police individual would

consider acts of favoritism such as; obtaining bribes for favoritism, and acceptance. The

concept of accepting a bribe could be offer in several ways, usually in monetary funds

(Keppeler, 1995, pg. 186).

The corrupt police officer may accept bribes for personal economical gain,

because they may experience several personal issues whether it is personal financial

problems, and-or the selfish desire for financial success (Keppeler et al, 1995). The two
 Policing and the media perspective 22

theories that can be applicable to the nature of police corruption are the strain theory and

the differential association theory (Keppeler, 1995).

The strain theory according to Merton reveals that individuals who are socially

deprived within the lower social-economical environment would become angry,

frustrated, and could potentially intensify compulsiveness that would lead to criminal

behavior (Barkan, 2001). The Anomie Theory that Merton also analyzed is the individual

attributing deviant poor inability to achieve economically.

The police individual financial dilemma and-or financial appetite is unachievable

by their salary earnings as a police officer (Barkan, 2001). Therefore, the individual being

the corrupt police would obtain bribes, because it would assist to satisfy his or her

inhibition or aspiration to attain their financial goal (Barkan, 2001, pg. 7). Contrast to the

conflicting theory because the relation between policing norms and the economical

aspiration is not within the consensus of what society depicts as a social norm (Barkan,

2001, pg. 8).

When an individual acquires either financial success by any reasonable or

unreasonable means the individual would feel they require certain elements of power. In

other words, there is no inbetween it is either your poor which means your are powerless

or you financially succeed to certain levels of wealth which means in the minds of the

economically deprived that the individual is becoming more powerful (Barkan, 2001, pg.

8). The similarity between corrupt policing who focus on certain elements of criminality

is in direct control to the mindset of the individual’s residing within the lower social-

economical environment (Keppeler, 1995, pg. 186).

 Policing and the media perspective 23

In other elements of policing corruption is the poor screening process that is

provided during the period’s recruitment. There are potential that police officers may

have inadequate training, and insufficient supervision (Keppeler, 1995, pg. 186). Along

with the concept of poor police pay this could potentially provide the right opportunity

for the individual to participate in lucrative illicit enterprise (Keppeler, 1995, pg. 186).

According to Tappan (1995) criminologist, determined that police officer that

had either a low level of intelligence and-or educational level are more prone to

corruption (Keppeler, 1995, pg. 186). Theoretically, when policing receives low salaries

there is the potentiality for the police officer to withstand the moral strength to withstand

the temptation of accepting bribes that would ultimately lead to corruption (Keppeler,

1995).

In contrast policing is becoming adaptive to accepting handouts; and it is relevant

to politicians receiving campaign contribution from powerful wealthy elite societies that

violates the essence of moral ethical principle that desire to deprivate the masses of

society. In other words, politicians and Congress would be persuaded by lobbyist that

received perhaps billions of dollars to initiate the deregulation of certain amendments that

was intended to protect and helped benefit the masses of society (Keppeler, 1995).

The wealthy corporate-political infrastructure within our society has gained a

vast amount of economic resources that would be discussed in further detail later on this

research. However, in relation of corrupt policing and corporate-political corruption

stems a correlation of interest. On the contrary, there is a parallel significance of corrupt

policing in relation to the society that is described as the lower social-economic

environment (Keppeler, 1995).

 Policing and the media perspective 24

Policing perception on the criminal

The distinction method of police work increases the difficulty of ensuring the

fairness and lawfulness in everyday policing (Skogan-Frydl, 2004, pg. 2). Police are

authorized to exercise their authority in encounters with the public by issuing citations,

making arrests, and using force. However, the citizenry has a sheer-volume of negativity

that has increased between the relations of both the citizenry and policing (Skogan-Frydl,

2004, pg. 2). The encounters individuals may feel or experience the dissatisfaction of

policing behavior; therefore this would have a tendency of becoming a problematic issue

between the citizenry and policing (Skogan-Frydl, 2004, pg. 2). In fact, there has been an

array of evident revealing that policing has utilized racial ethnic disparity throughout

their assessment during a routine traffic stop (Skogan-Frydl, 2004, pg. 3).

The public has viewed policing conduct as inexcusable, because of poor policing

treatment of their policing encounter. These citizens viewed policing for protection and

service, and depended on such an entity to provide a positive professional courteous

service.

The poor insight of policing conduct comes from a basic routine traffic stop that

was enacted within the early 1990’s. When a citizen who would routinely get stopped for

a minor traffic violation, is suppose to be stopped for any traffic routine violation. The

routine traffic stop authorizes policing who may or may not be citing the motorist for

traffic violation, but also records their racial identity that gets recorded in the police

system. Most local citizens were stopped not for a traffic violation, but just for their racial

identity. L. Jamieson (personal communication, November 26, 2004). The emergence of

 Policing and the media perspective 25

racial profiling has become one of the nation’s political agenda that has imparted society

to the degree of violating the fourth and the fourteenth amendment of the individual’s

U.S. Constitutional Rights (Skogan-Frydl, 2004, pg. 3).

Policing favors is based on the concept on the broad range of discretion (Walker-

Spohn-Delone, 2004, pg. 103). It is a method allowing the police officer to conduct how

a legal matter should be pursuant in accordance to the law (Walker-Spohn-Delone, 2004.

pg. 103). This corrupted practice can be problematic especially if displayed throughout

the media, textbooks, and other resources that would be revealing what is called

misinformation. This approach would mislead the public’s mind that certain racial,

cultural, and-or status quo of any individual are criminally (Walker-Spohn-Delone, 2004,

pg. 104).

The problem of racial biases provided by policing is nothing new it has been a

problematic concern for many centuries since the inception of the North American

discovery. It is evident that racial discrimination and the concept of government

authorizing policing to enforce such rule have always been embedded within our society

(Walker-Spohn-Delone, 2004). Statistical data that provides information of the historical

data that proves the relation between both policing and their encounter with society is

proven evident of how policing is persuaded to target certain elements of society.

Policing that favors certain societies and shown unfavorable to certain racial

ethnic groups of society is similar to a criminal man who either views the law favorably

or unfavorably towards their advantage. This concept is also ONE out of the nine

elements that earlier researcher Edwin Sutherland discovered in his theory of differential

association (Walker-Spohn-Delone, 2004).

 Policing and the media perspective 26

The sample that most researchers discovered that during the 1970’s that out of

every eight African American shot by policing only one out the eight involved a white

individual (Walker-Spohn-Delone, 2004, pg.103). By 1998 it was a 4:1 ratio of African

Americans probability of being shot by policing in comparison to their white counterparts

(Walker-Spohn-Delone, 2004, pg. 103). James Fyfe, who is on e of the leading experts on

the subject of police shooting, and developed a concept called the “trigger fingers”,

meaning one for whites, Hispanics, and the African American (Walker-Spohn-Delone,

2004, pg. 103).

In some societies in America particularly the South that involved a case of an

individual in Memphis, Tennessee police officer who shot and killed a fleeing suspect.

Police officer within this environment are permitted by state law to use the old fleeing

felon rule, which would allowed a police officer to shoot to kill, for the purpose of arrest

any fleeing suspected subject (Walker-Spohn-Delone, 2004, pg. 103). This theory is

based on the wide scope of policing discretion (Walker-Spohn-Delone, 2004, pg. 103).

This form of discretion would allow policing to conduct, and it is legally allowed

by the government system that invalidates individual’s equal protection within their

parameters of constitutional laws and protection (Walker-Spohn-Delone, 2004, pg. 103).

However, the U.S Supreme Court later discovered that such policing practices allowing

the old fleeing rule was unconstitutional (Walker-Spohn-Delone, 2004, pg. 104). The

court ruled that the fleeing felon rule violates the fourth amendment protection against

unreasonable searches and seizure; by holding that shooting s person for fleeing was

considered to be a seizure (Walker-Spohn-Delone, 2004, pg. 104-105).

 Policing and the media perspective 27

The idea of this presentation is to illustrate that policing perceives favoritism

more on a particular classes of society that is influence through governmental means that

opposes the majority racial counterpart (Walker-Spohn-Delone, 2004, pg. 104). This

could develop to a problematic issue involving community relation with policing

(Barkan, 2001, pg. 446).

When either a racial cultural ethnic group, and-or a society feels threatened by

other elements of policing the community could become potentially violent. This concept

of community violence may not only be directed under racial discretion, but against a

society that has a high degree of criminal behavior (Barkan, 2001, pg. 446).

The two cities within the United States Chicago and Memphis have had

significant police incident shootings. Memphis has showed statistically; that between

1969-1989 out of 68 shootings from policing that resulted in the death of a fleeing

assailant. Of the 68 that were shot by police 52 were African American. In the City of

Chicago the Bureau of Justice Statistics showed that the Chicago Police is twice as likely

to shoot an African American and Hispanic as their White counterparts (Walker-Spohn-

Delone, 2004, pg. 104).

The ideology on the permissiveness fleeing felon rule allowed law enforcement

officials to act on the basis of prejudices and stereotypes (Walker-Spohn-Delone, 2004,

pg. 104). This perception is based not just the badge, but also the individual and their

culture behind the badge. The individual white police officer and-or a minority police

officer had already been inhibited the conceptual concept that certain racial ethnic groups

from the lower social-economical society are by their nature violent (Trojanowicz-

Kappeler-Gaines, 2002, pg. 54-55). So when the individual is hired by policing that has
 Policing and the media perspective 28

already inhibit with the concept that certain individuals residing within the lower

economic society are violent by nature then that police-officer is a corrupt cop behind the

badge (Walker-Spohn-Delone, 2004, pg. 104-105).

These individuals would had already been considered corrupt from the beginning,

because of their cultural background stems behind the dark mask that certain individuals

racial ethnic cultural background are a threat to society (Walker et al, 2004). Therefore;

white and-or upper social class individual officers were more than likely to feel

threatened by African American, who are prone to be a more probable suspect than their

white social-counterparts. In fact, in a typical shooting incident that may occur at night

the police officer during these harsh moments in a split second decision rather shoot an

American African involved in the shooting without any form of reconsidering (Walker-

Spohn-Delone, 2004, pg. 105). A question according to Walker (2004) did the fleeing

assailant was ever armed (Walker et al, 2004)?

When the Supreme Court declared that the fleeing felon rule was unconstitutional

the ration of police shooting based on racial disparity declined. For example, the number

of person shot and killed by policing declined from a peak of 559 in 1975 to 300 in 1987

(Walker-Spohn-Delone, 2004, 105). Scientifically, the defense of life rule passed by

Congress reduced the racial disparity in shootings in the South (Walker-Spohn-Delone,

2004, pg. 105). The new rule may have changed the mind or attitude of policing racial

discretion, but it has controlled their manner of behavior (Walker-Spohn-Delone, 2004,

pg. 105).

Governmental study had showed how police officer perception on women

indicates that women are hardly of police brutality; however, out of the 44 citizens beaten
 Policing and the media perspective 29

by police only two were African American. It is inconceivable that police may handle the

treatment of women lightly with the exception of racial prejudices (Barkan, 2001, pg.

447). Although, women beatings by police maybe infrequent; but had been subject too

sexual assaults, and unnecessary search and seizure (Barkan, 2001, pg. 447).

According to Barkan (2001) blamed the PSV abbreviated for private search as

voyeurism on three factors (Barkan, 2001, pg. 447):

1. The male officer’s sexist ideology which expressive sexual violence against

women.

2. Situational opportunity that allows male police officers to commit certain acts.

3. Less policing accountability in regards to access to women (Barkan, 2001, pg.

447).

In regards to policing misconduct studies have showed that more than one-fifth of

police officers are engaged in atleast one form of corruption (Barkan et al, 2001). Such

corruption includes the acceptance of bribery, and stealing objects from local stores while

searching (Barkan, 2001, pg. 447). A poor policing practice is a common practice among

the ranks. A century or so ago policing was known for its corruption involving bribes for

favoritism and protection (Barkan, 2001).

These practices were a sociological acceptance to help fulfilled the police-officer

economical purpose and reason. Usually, either business owners and-or politicians would

earned the special treatment of policing, by influencing the individual police-officer were

to target crime (Walker-Spohn-Delone, 2004, pg. 107-108). This common practice would

lead to police corruption that would inhibit the concept of racial ethnic discrimination.
 Policing and the media perspective 30

This had ultimately proceeded to police corruption that bled its way to organized

crime (Barkan, 2001, pg. 448). Bribery to earned favoritism through elements of

organized and corrupt political crime gave policing the cutting-edge for financial gain

(Walker-Spohn-Delone, 2004, pg. 106). Policing perception would permeate through the

mind of the rookie to become blind, by becoming deceptive to learned behavior as

discussed by Sutherland of learning criminal behavior, and by targeting a particular

society (Walker-Spohn-Delone, 2004, pg. 108).

Policing perception based on theory

There are two theories that researchers determined in relation between police and

the criminal is the consensus theory and conflict theory (Barkan, 2001). The consensus

theory favors on the side that police officers fairly make rational sound judgments, and is

not based on racial ethnicity biased discretion. In other words, certain segments of the

entire population are polluted with criminal intended behavior (Barkan, 2001, pg. 451).

Meaning that African Americans, Hispanics, and other minority groups chooses to

commit crime. It stems on the ideology that among minorities there is an affluent to

criminal behavior (Barkan, 2001, pg. 451).

The conflict theory viewed the opposite by determining that minorities such as;

African American, Hispanics, and other minority groups viewed that their treatments by

both the system and policing is treated unfairly (Barkan, 2001, pg. 451). In comparison to

the minority counterparts it has been determined that African Americans are more

probable to be stop, detain, arrested, and perhaps found guilty through their trial than

their white social-counterparts (Barkan, 2001, pg. 451). It is evident through legal
 Policing and the media perspective 31

evidence that minorities are more tempted by police to be considered criminally than

their non-African-Americans social counterpart (Barkan, 2001).

Through this concept it is also evident that policing utilizes as the governmental

system vehicle to target a particular society of racial cultural ethnic groups than in

comparison to the crime in questioned (Barkan, 2001).

Police perception on the media

The police have their allegiance to the political and corporate elites' of society.

Or what organization, group the police have their allegiance is what decides their drive to

performance. With political unrest and intent of political agendas rest on the security and

protection of its’ own police force (Watson, 2002). Historically, policing was mentioned

several times without secrecy as to their behavior through the mainstream media when

the police violate citizen’s rights.

The indoctrination the media provides to the public is to cultivate their own

perception as to what they want the public to believe (Watson, 2003). Through this

concept the readers perceptions without any knowing is the propagandize lead by

politicians use to illustrate as actors playing the role of violating the citizens rights is

incidentally the corporate mindset of the political agenda (Watson, 2003).

Policing would enforce the rule that was set forth, because it’s the corporation that

policing has their allegiance (Watson, 2003). With this philosophy in mind provides

careful intent that the population growth must be controlled in order to protect the

interest, and investment of the investors (Watson, 2003). Without the allegiance provided
 Policing and the media perspective 32

by policing could only lead to perhaps police discretionary actions, and perhaps

favoritism, corruption.

Policing must remain a vehicle for the political elite groups, and to enforce the

laws set forth by such political infrastructure without retaliation (Watson, 2002). In other

words, policing main objective is to enforce the law and the militaristic mission assigned

(Watson, 2003).

The contradicting aspect of policing is the service and protection it offers to

society. It promises to serve and protect by holding allegiance to defend the Constitution

Rights of the community it deems to serve. On the contrary; the oath of upholding the

law can become confusing when the political means initiate newer laws to enforce, while

suppressing other laws policing has to adhere to those principles (Watson, 2003). When

police officers do not adhere to such rules of their work they maybe force to disciplinary

action, and perhaps termination (Nelson, 2000, pg. 22). Therefore, policing must conform

to the rules, laws that are imbedded in their minds must be enforceable without any

recourse whether or not, and constitutional rights of the individual are questioned.

Policing nowadays are becoming militaristic that ever before throughout

American society (Watson, 2002). With the increasing number of the population growth,

plus the potential financial risk of caring of such society can become a threat to national

security (Miller-Engleberg-Broad, 2001, pg. 289). Therefore, by instilling fears and

paranoia within the psychological minds of its people by the use of several vehicles of

communication such as; mainstream media, sitcoms, movies so that it can prepare society

for its future role of a new cultural society (Watson, 2002). In other words, policing
 Policing and the media perspective 33

would be the driving enforcing wind that would subdue, control, and monitor the actions,

and conduct of society.

This is the byproduct of future policing according to Paul Watson once society

enters its new role of the New World Order (2003). Racial segregation would once again

rule and govern the course of society, and policing would ultimately be the enforceable

vehicle to enforce such diabolical laws (Watson, 2003). Ignoring the precise foundational

roots of every American and foreign individuals rights must remain hidden from the

people, and the sitcoms of television entertainment would be used to somewhat

hypnotize, influence the millions of its viewers to remain illiterate and in denial (Watson,

2002).

The British, Russians (Stalin, and Bolsheviks), and American society in the

aftermath of WWII remained in denial even after years of researching that cause the

deaths of millions of innocent Europeans that perished as result to U.S. Allied bombing.

Luckily, those residing in concentration camps survived the horrific allied bombing.

Interesting, NOT one allied bombing hit, nor targeted any concentration camp or I.G.

Farben Facilities that was provided by U.S. and British Banking Systems.

The stench of death did not even move, nor changes those that were still affluent

to the indoctrination of those primarily responsible for the cause of WWII (Watson,

2002).

Policing perspective on the media, or vice-versa varies on the concept of secrecy.

The relation between these two variables can be either conflicting, or it can work through

cohesiveness on the grounds of secrecy (Keppeler, 1995, pg. 250). The police code of

secrecy is a product of the policing perception on the media, and their investigating
 Policing and the media perspective 34

processes (Keppeler et al, 1995). Policing is always aware on how the media reports the

mannerism or conduct of police activity. Researchers had always questioned such study,

because it can potentially lay a gray area that can produce public disinformation

(Keppeler, 1995, pg. 250).

In the area of hostility between the police and the media is an act of hostility,

biased, and unsupportive that can attribute to functional relationship that would likely

increase police secrecy (Keppeler, 1995, pg. 250). This is one reason why police officer

are refrained from making media releases, public discussion, or commenting on current

criminal investigation in order not to endanger, or hinder the processes (Keppeler, 1995).

This is when the media instituting the concept of censorship of information to the public

(Keppeler, 1995, pg. 250). This also intensifies more on the perception of segregating the

public from policing, by creating the impression of a secret police society (Keppeler,

1995, pg. 250).

The secret police society that obtains from both the media, and public is creating a

theme that would help to shape the quality, and structure of the group’s social

intervention. Themes are not always complimentary to one another rather, promotes the

concept of the policing subculture of social isolation and solidarity (Keppeler, 1995, pg.

251). Isolation is an emotional and physical condition that makes it difficult for members

of one social group to have a relationship, and-or interact with members from another

social group (Keppeler, 1995).

The feeling of separateness from the surrounding society is a frequently

noticeable attribute of the American policing subculture (Keppeler, 1995, pg. 251).
 Policing and the media perspective 35

Social isolation of policing is another subcultural view that perceived the

worldview differently from a normal society, and is within the knowledge of the code of

secrecy (Keppeler, 1995, pg. 250). Social isolation reinforces both the worldview

perspective and ethos. People outside the scope of policing subculture are viewed

somewhat of a potential threat tom the member’s physical or emotional well-being, as

well as the officer authority and autonomy (Keppeler, 1995, pg. 251). This is when

officers who are minority perceived there racial and other minority groups in a similar

mindset of a white police officer. This concept of policing is a perception that is already

embedded in our society of how the political infrastructure indoctrinates policing mindset

to target crime within the lower social environments of our society (Keppeler, 1995).

Therefore, policing would impose a social isolation upon themselves as a means of

protection against real and perceived danger, loss of personal and professional autonomy,

and social rejection (Keppeler, 1995).

Policing has a tendency of looking inward to their members for validity and

support (Keppeler, 1995, pg. 251). Through this concept policing often self-impose

restriction on personal interaction within the community.

Police interaction with the public is played on separate moments such as, policing

getting involved with its citizenry to fight crime, and to reduce the fear of crime within

the community. The media views this concept through governmental perception believing

that too much reduction on the fear of crime is not a normal means, or concept that the

ruling class desires of the lower social economic class (Heath-Gilbert, 1996).
 Policing and the media perspective 36

Media perspective on policing and the fear of crime

The mass media the vehicle that political-corporate leadership mindset would

used as a tool to influence the public through the learning behavior process (Heath-

Gilbert, 1996, 379). The age of both the mass media and the age of the fear of crime are

pretty much the same (Heath-Gilbert, 1996, pg. 379). The fear of crime is what easily

influences the publics mind as to how to behave socially within certain of society.

Through television sitcoms, movies, theatres, as well as, newspaper, books,

DVD, VHS, that provides society as an educated tools that basis its opinion (Heath-

Gilbert, 1996, pg. 379). In other words, people’s opinions are based on what they see,

hear, and read. This is a machinery process of both disinformations; misinformation

reaches the people around the world (Heath-Gilbert, 1996, pg. 379).

The mass media also popularity of crime reenactments television programs, and

the access to more violence via cable, satellite dishes, and other interactive nature of

electronic violent games that are played; Xbox, Playstation that raises concern about

instilling the fear of crime on its users (Heath-Gilbert, 1996, pg. 379). These not only

instill the fear of crime alone, rather intensifies compulsive aggression behavior within

the individual physiology that can reactivate the stimuli of both fear and aggression

(Heath-Gilbert, 1996, pg. 379). In other words; the media that has an arrayed of different

communicating facets associated with either television, internet, radio, can influence the

individual and-or society of a reality of what is said to be happening maybe contradicting

(Heath-Gilbert, 1996).
 Policing and the media perspective 37

The media perspective of policing is to engage the public by misinforming of a

potential danger that would influx the individual’s perception regarding the fear of crime

(Heath-Gilbert, 1996, pg. 379).

The media can retain secrecy as much as the reality of non-fiction behind the iron

curtain of the police and governmental corruption (Watson, 2002). Once the media

reveals the corruption of either policing or government it can potentially endanger the

likelihood of certain media organization. For example, the FCC, which is owned by

government, that regulates the control of the major airwaves that it operates in a similar

type fashion as the wealthy elite’s that owns corporation (Heath-Gilbert, 1996, pg. 380).

The social contract theory that Marx argued that people freely and equally joined

in a social contract for the common good, and thus, the law represented a consensus of

the general will (Vold-Bernard-Snipes, 2004). Marx maintained this argument because it

focuses more on the unequal distribution of wealth to the lower social-economical

societies (Vold et al, 2004). Social communism is center on the philosophy of Marxism.

Communism resulted in the deaths of millions of White Russia between 1917 through

1953. Quite the contrary, more Russians were sent to the Gulag afterwards, because of

their opposition to their government. Sadness, similar ideology of communism is

becoming more prevalent in our society. For instance, the concept of the New World

Order, which basis on the ideology of suspending the U.S. Constitution and rights of

individual freedom, which resembles as to the result of the Russia Revolution.

Marx views goes on insinuating those with no wealth have no power in the

formation of social control (Vold et al, 2004). In other words, those who represent either

the middle class of society or the lower class CANNOT control what is to be determinant
 Policing and the media perspective 38

truth that would travel through a tunnel-like communication displayed by the media. The

wealthy political-corporate elite is what controls the media, not the masses of society

(Vold et al, 2004). In the western societies the government is what controls crime not the

people therefore; the fear of crime is also controlled (Vold et al, 2004).

Media and corporate governmental ownership

The ownership of the media is comprised of two important variables; one is

comprised of series of ownership that carries a similar interest, secondly the government

is what regulates through what is called the Federal Communication Commission (FCC)

(Mark S. Watson Website (2004). Article retrieved on November 22, 2004

http://www.markswatson.com/media.html).

According to the media channel that there nine different entities that

predominately controlled the airwaves, which is the major channel the media uses (Mark

S. Watson Website (2004). Article retrieved on November 24, 2004

http://www.markswatson.com/media.html). These corporations are all ranked according

to sizes, such as; Time Warner, Disney, Bertelsmann, Viacom, News Corporation, TCI,

General Electric (owner NBC) (Mark S. Watson Website (2004). Article retrieved on

November 24, 2004 http://www.markswatson.com/media.html).

The interest coined of all nine of these organization mentioned that they have

instituted a monopoly of corporation that are controlled by the majority, and the major

airwaves that is the main source of communication to the masses of society is called the

News and the media (Mark S. Watson Website (2004). Article retrieved on November 24,

2004 http://www.markswatson.com/media.html). The government regulation that

 Policing and the media perspective 39

controlled these airwaves, and allows the monopolization of such practices performed by

the same entities is a demonstration of the conflict theories (Barkan, 2001). These two

variables (government elites that controls regulation and corporate monopolies) represent

what is called the ruling class, because only the wealthy elite can afford the feasibility

that the FCC charges at such a high rate could afford (Watson, 2004).

In order for any communication to go through the airwaves must have the

affordability to obtained the FCC License; and the masses of society that includes the

middle class, lower economic classes could not afford the feasibility (Watson, 2004).

Therefore, the ruling classes of society have the means to manipulate the lower classes of

society through the means of providing misinformation, disinformation through the

airwaves called the media to the masses of society (Barkan et al, 2001).

The Real Agenda

One of the main agenda that surrounds the political infrastructure, and would

become an opposing threat to this or any society is the ever-growing global population.

Since the end WWII the population occurring in China, Japan and Europe was an almost

surprising alarm to both the political leadership of the United States, as well as, the

leadership in other foreign nations (Watson, 2003). What this has to do with race,

ethnicity and the working class? Is the financial investment that exists within the

corporate political domestic and international circles (Watson, 2003)?

With the vast amount of immigrants pouring into the United States shores to

perhaps begin a new life. More immigrants’ means more money needed to be generated

through the Federal Reserve System, and more programs within the welfare system of
 Policing and the media perspective 40

this society (Watson, 2003). However, for the existing African American Community the

goal and intent is to control this existing society. For example, in the early 1980’s the

discovery of the AIDS Virus has been a method to target not only African Americans

within the United States, but also the Homosexual Community (Watson, 2003).

This disease is in fact a man made, but was hidden as a clandestine design to do

away with a particular race, and society (Miller-Engleberg-Broad, 2001). Especially,

within the countries African community which population has vastly grown since WWII

and the amounts of natural resources, such as; oil, gas, minerals, just to name a few that

most American and Foreign Investors have a grave interest (Watson, 2003). Therefore,

by implementing such disease called AIDS its design to eliminate a race, culture, and

help control the ever-growing population. Is this act criminally and genocide? The

answer to this question is yes, with the intent to protect the interest of investors, and

political domination (Miller-Engleberg-Broad, 2001). It has also been determine that this

virus (AIDS) is not curable, and could only occur through acts of reproduction.

Through political means of a liberal party have been the only groups to fund such

research that can perhaps help discover a cure for this disease. With these two elements

could only determine a means to do away two things a particular race which is African,

and to benefit the elite group of scientist claiming to try to discover a cure for this

epidemic (Miller-Engleberg-Broad, 2001). Never, in the history of humanity has a

disease been an incurable attack especially a particular race, and secondly, a particular

society, because historically it has been a target for hatred (Watson, 2002).

Another interesting insight is the founder of Planned Parenthood Margaret

Sanger, which she stated; quote “human weeds that is Black people” are experiments
 Policing and the media perspective 41

(Watson, 2003). For example, African American male were used to treat syphilis, by

deliberating avoiding them from taking medications that would cure them. These doctors

experimentally this so-called procedure wanted to see what would be the effects on

syphilis on men (Mark S. Watson Website (2004) Article retrieved on November 19,

2004 http://www.markswatson.com/popcontrol.htm). The interesting point they couldn’t

experiment this procedure on animals, or other means, but rather on African American

Males.

This type of treatment is an example of what Adolph Hitler would allow his

scientist to experiment on the Jews, Gypsies, and other non-Nazi conformist (Mark S.

Watson Website (2004) Article retrieved on November 19, 2004

http://www.markswatson.com/popcontrol.htm). Another factor are the crematorium and

gas chambers, by cremating a person that either died of AIDS or other contagious

diseases can effect the ecosystem (Watson, 2003). The rationale behind the crematorium

with concentration camp personnel was utilized because as a result to U.S. Allied

bombing Europeans suffered from lack of food supplies, which resulted in the suffering

of malnutrition and starvation. As a result, to these illnesses and deprivation these

Europeans suffered from typhus, which is a disease caused by lice. Once the individual

dies it was recommended to have them cremated, because by burying their love ones in

the ground would only contaminate the water source, which can potentially result is the

spreading of typhus.

Similarities have occurred in our nowadays society. For example, according to the

UCR Index more African Americans have been executed through the use of gas

chambers, and lethal injection (Watson, 2003). Another factor involving both the liberals
 Policing and the media perspective 42

and conservatives is the abortion issue. Abortion and other contraceptive have been used

to help deter population growth.

The mass media would only pose a different argument as to when life begins, by

disguising within Women’s Rights conception as to how they treat their bodies. It’s

amazing on John Ashcroft and President Bush is more concern about suppressing

American Civil Rights without even attempting to suppress the infamous Woe v. Wade

(Watson, 2003).

All this is a prime example of how the education system incorporates through

there save sex throughout its public schools and universities. Therefore, indoctrinating a

disposition that financial feasibility of conducting abortion is an alternative to comfort

living. What the education system has become is a tool to police hatred against race,

cultural ethnicity against a society to better interest the investors of society (Watson,

2003). For example, Margaret Sanger once stated the more African American Mothers

commits an abortion the less of that racial group exist in our society (Watson, 2003).

The governmental concept of the more African Americans children are born it

places a burden to the welfare system, as well a burden to the justice department in

matters involving “child support” (Mark S. Watson Website (2004) Article retrieved on

November 19, 2004 http://www.markswatson.com/popcontrol.htm). Margaret Sanger the

author of “Planned Parenthood” brought though it has been recently declassified of the

perception of the political infrastructure intent it has against the African American and

minority community (Mark S. Watson Website (2004) Article retrieved on November 19,

2004 http://www.markswatson.com/popcontrol.htm). One thing she (Margaret Sanger)

has organized was called the “Negro Project”. Which was designed to eliminate to what
 Policing and the media perspective 43

she believed to be an inferior race of people? She quoted; “the means of Negroes

particularly from the south still breed carelessly and disastrously with the result that the

increase among Negroes, even more than among whites is from the patron of the

population least intelligent and fit”.

She later insisted on hiring certain African American ministers to propagandize

for birth control (Mark S. Watson Website (2004) Article retrieved on November 19,

2004 http://www.markswatson.com/popcontrol.htm). Ms. Sanger believed that the most

successful educational approach to the Negro is through religious appeal (Mark S.

Watson Website (2004) Article retrieved on November 19, 2004

http://www.markswatson.com/popcontrol.htm ). She indicated firmly that the words

concerning to exterminate the Negro population must remain classified (Mark S. Watson

Website (2004) Article retrieved on November 19, 2004

http://www.markswatson.com/popcontrol.htm ).

Ms. Sanger is confident believing that the African American clergymen would

initiate a program to teach their parishioners to use birth control. The information just

provided is a political agenda that is supported by the President of the United States,

senators, corporate giants that would incorporate this concept of teaching to channel

throughout American living rooms, as well as, the educational institution of our society

(Watson, 2003).

It’s apparent that the ghost of Adolph Hitler, Winston Churchill, Stalin, Lenin,

President Franklin D. Roosevelt and the evil ancestors practice of earlier American

genocidal practices is alive and well; and their shadow still cast a shadow over

Washington DC, and throughout the nation. And, had touch the soils of foreign nations;
 Policing and the media perspective 44

such as, Iraq, China, Indonesia, and other countries within the Continent of Africa just to

name a few. This concept cultivates the ritual practices of why policing and the U.S.

Military has been indoctrinated to attack a particular race and geographical location

where it choices to rage its’ war on drugs (crime), and now Terrorism (Watson, 2003).

Conclusion

The duty of policing is determined to be a learned behavior that can potentially

become criminally, but that is to be determined by the individual police officer. When the

individual police officer manipulates the law and legal rights of the individual is justified

through the manipulating efforts of a corrupt police officer. The interesting concept is

that policing derived from the public environment however; it would later adapt the

concept discovered by Sutherland’s differential association theory of what anyone

individual would learned how to criminalized.

Policing since the early days of its inception developed the adaptation principle,

and methods that derived from England perception of politically controlling the

mainstream society. In fact, this provided the ideology for policing to disassociate or

disorganized socially from the known environment, by adapting the political interest that

favors the wealthy. By favoritism that is won predominately through both the courts and

appellate system policing would always gained the favor.

In regards to policing negligence and brutality is associated with corrupted

political, and corporate practices. This research was based on the findings of Edwin

Sutherland differential association theory that discusses how corporate businessmen

working alongside political elite that violates the essence of individualism of our society.
 Policing and the media perspective 45

The individual within society and the police officer are becoming the byproduct that

Robert Merton (1946) discussed on the strain theory.

Strain theory according to its findings depicts the individual developing anger,

bitter frustration through the inequality method or legal process instituted by white-collar

offenders that would brand society to offend. It is a factual concern that street crime that

has been recognized, and research by criminologist and researchers within the past could

only exist, because of white-collar criminals who run society through deceitful tactics of

corporate-political reasoning for controlling the masses of society.

 Policing and the media perspective 46

References:

Alexander, Larry & Sherwin, Emily (2001). The rule of rules: Morality, rules, and the
dilemmas of law. Duke University Press. Durham, NC.

Atkinson, A.B. The Economics of Inequality (2nd Ed., 1983). Published by Clarendon
Press: Oxford.

Barkan, S.E. (2001). Criminology: A Sociological Understanding (2nd Ed.). Prentice

-Hall: Upper Saddle River, N.J.

Chomsky, Noah. Deterring Democracy (2000). Published by Hill and Wang. New York,
New York.

Erickson, Richard V. Reproducing Order: A study of Police Patrol Work (1982).

University of Toronto Press. Toronto, Canada.

Keppeler, Victor (1995). Police & Society (3rd Ed.). Published by Simeon & Schuster,
Inc. New York.

Lewy, Guenter. Were American Indians the Victims of Genocide?

Partnoy, Frank (2003). Infectious Greed: how deceit and risk corrupted the financial
markets. Published by H.B. Fenn and Co. New York.

Randall, Kennedy Race, Crime, and the Law (1997). Vintage Books-A Division of
Random House, Inc. New York, New York.

Thiebault, Edward A., Lynch, Lawrence, M., McBride, Bruce R. Proactive Police
Management. Third Edition (1995). Published by Prentice-Hall. Englewood
Cliffs, NJ.

Walker, Samuel. Spohn, Cassia. Delone, Miriam. The Color of Justice (3rd Ed., 2004).
Published by Thomas-Wadsworth. Canada.

Watson, Mark S., Population Control (2002). Website:

http://www.markswatson.com/popcontrol.htm

Watson, Mark S., National Security Council: National Security Study Memorandum 200
(1974). Website: http://www.markswatson.com/nsam200.htm.

Watson, Paul J., Order of a Chaos-Elite Sponsored Terrorism & The New World Order
(2003). Published by Alex Jones Production. Austin, TX.
Policing and the media perspective 47