Introduction and Overview It is well known that mechanical processing, such as high pressure and shear deformation, ball

milling, etc., can create defects and change the atomic structure, it can be used to influence the speed, direction and extent of physical and chemical changes in and between solids, between solids and liquids as well as solids and gases. Mechanochemistry investigates the principles of chemical interactions and conversions in solids under mechanical influence. Theoretical and Applied Mechanochemistry Practical Applications. Mechanochemical methods were utilized to prepare carbides, sulfides, amorphous and nanocrystalline materials, superconductive materials etc. Mechanochemical processing is simple, environmental friendly, and can be scaled up to tonnage quantities. The chemical changes take place in the solid state form without a need for solvents or high temperature. Theory. In spite of simplicity of practical realization the theoretical description of ball milling-induced chemical reactions is a difficult problem due to the complex combination of interrelated processes on several length and time scales. There is no common theory that could explain the available data and orient future investigations and the development of applications. Further progress in this area requires better fundamental knowledge of the mechanisms of the relevant chemical interaction and the role of mechanical activation in these processes. Deposition of Metallic Coatings (Cr, Cu) on the Steel and Al

Metal coatings formed due to the mechanical alloying. For the Cr or Cu coatings, Cr or Cu powders were used only, The mechanism of coating formation is offered based on the theory of solids deformation and dislocation theory. Coating-specimen bonding strength is of cold-welding nature, as was shown by our experiments. The coating is formed when initial oxide compounds containing to-be-coated-metals are mechanochemically reduced: the Steel-Cr2O3 -H2 system is used for Cr coating on the Al.

Conclusions for DLC Films Deposition

Several DLC films on the steel and Al specimens have been deposited and investigated. The presence of broad D and G resonance peaks on the Raman spectra along with the high microhardness indicate that the films have developed the microstructure typical for DLC films. The thickness from 100 nm to 300nm was recorded. It was suggested that the method introduced allow to manage aromatic microstructure of the precursors thus providing opportunity to regulate microstructure during the deposition process. CONCLUSIONS A key aspect of the proposed technology is the fact that mechanochemical processing is simple, economically profitable and environmentally friendly. The chemical changes take place in the solid-state form without a need for complicated solvents or high temperature. The authors believe that the method presented can form the basis of an efficient technological coating process, holding good prospects for such applications as e.g. corrosion/erosion protective coating on pipes and steel and aluminum sheet..

Reference: http://seminarprojects.com/Thread-new-method-for-metal-coating-ppt#ixzz2tZRrut1Z

Transonic Engine New Injection System, No Ignition System

Transonic Combustion, a start-up company is developing a more efficient ICE technology that could lead to further increases in efficiency.The gasoline-powered internal combustion engine [ICE] has seen more improvement in the last five years than in the last twenty, Quieter timing chain technology, direct fuel injection, and variable intake and exhaust valve timing, among others, have led to better fuel efficiency and reduced emissions. Everyone knows that, in the case of a gasoline-powered ICE, three things are needed, compressed air, fuel, and spark, which are facilitated by, respectively, the crank and pistons, the injection system, and the ignition system. By eliminating the ignition system and introducing a completely redesigned fuel injection system, Transonic claims to realize a 50% increase in efficiency. Transonic even showed a prototype vehicle with the new technology that was rated at 64 mpg. To get around the need for spark to ignite the fuel, the new injection system heats the fuel to a critical point, just shy of spontaneous combustion. When the superheated and pressurized fuel is injected into the cylinder under compression, the heat of compression, much like diesel technology, ignites the fuel. One benefit of the new system is that it can burn pretty much any fuel, from gasoline to biofuels and even diesel. The new technology should cost about the same as current engine systems, and Transonic is looking to put them into production by the end of 2014, which the US market sorely needs if it is to meet the latest EPA emissions regulations and reduce dependence on petroleum imports.

HEAT TRANSFER PERFORMANCE IN 3D INDUCED FINNED HEAT PIPE Presentation is about 3D induced finned steel-water heat pipe. The important parameters which affect the function of heat transfer of heat pipe like inclination angle, heat flux,working temperature, Weather conditions, and fluid fill ratio are tested. The heat transfer coefficients of condensation and evaporation in 3D induced finned heat pipe are incremented on relating to smooth gravity-assisted heat pipe within the similar temperature. Hence, the conclusion made is special form of 3D-fins internally decreases considerably the thermal resistance of heat pipe internally and increase the function of heat transfer. The HEAT TRANSFER PERFORMANCE IN 3D INDUCED FINNED HEAT PIPE PROJECT Power Point Presentation describes the nomenclature namely Le which defines the length of evaporation of heat pipe, La defines the length of adiabatic of heat pipe, and Lc defines length of condensation of heat pipe. The applications of the system are Power Plants, Aero Space, Chemical Industries, and Hydraulic Couplings.

The coefficients of evaporation and condensation in 3D heat pipe are increased like the gravity of heat pipe within the particular conditions. Hence, the important structures of inner wall of 3D heat pipe decreases thermal resistance of internal heat pipe and then highly increases the transfer of heat performance. Conclusion: Therefore the Department of Mechanical Engineering Final Semester project concludes on the 3D induced finned steel-water heat pipe with its important parameters. It influences the function of heat transfer of heat pipe like heat flux, working temperature, inclination angle, and fluid fill ratio are tested. Therefore, special structure of 3D-fins decreases the thermal resistance of heat pipe and increases the heat transfer.
http://1000projects.org/heat-transfer-performance-in-3d-induced-finned-heat-pipe-project-ppt.html

Weapon Technology & Global Positioning System (GPS) Final Year Project
December 22, 2011 posted in Mechanical Projects, Mechanical Seminar Topics by Kasarla shanthan/Ramesh Gavva

GPS retransmission systems Global Positioning System (GPS) technology is widely used in various fields like military further navigation. Soldiers employ GPS to increase alertness in the situation of the battle field with technology like Land Warrior. Applications of GPS are used for accurate aerial resupply by the Joint Precision Airdrop System (JPADS) to support medical supplies, ammunition, or food on the land. The Weapon Technology & Global Positioning System (GPS) Final Year Mechanical Project of GPS allows advantages to detect that offer present location and level of high value benefits like nuclear weapons, VIPs, etc. It is utilized in training applications to locate the participating benefit, numbering the exercise and allow instructive question. GPS offers to track the location data to smart weapons redistribute from aircraft to enhance the speed and lethality of weapons. Few instances are precision aerial resupply (JPADS), military free fall (MFF), ground vehicle patrols (DAGR, Land Warrior), and air and ground assault. The systems are used on platforms like HMMWV, CH-47, Bradley, C-130, Stryker, C-17, MH-60 etc.

The system provides price efficient solution to the issues of GPS fromairways weapons bays, under-wing munitions pylons, or artillery and mortar tubes. The system offers two navigational services. They are the military Precise Positioning Service (PPS) and the civilian Standard Positioning Service (SPS). PPS is present with speed of 17.8 m horizontal and 27.7 m vertical. The components of GPS are active antenna, interconnecting coaxial cable, retransmission amplifier/signal conditioner, and passive retransmission antenna. Conclusion: The Weapon Technology & Global Positioning System (GPS) Project is about the GPS with the important concept behind the system is straightforward with complex implementation. The carriers are changed in phase with Pseudo-Random Noise (PRN) codes.

IC Engines with Homogeneous Combustion In Porous Medium

The advantages of homogeneous combustion in internal combustion (I.C.) engines are well known and many research groups all over the world are working on its practical realization. Recently, a new combustion concept that fulfils all requirements to perform homogeneous combustion in I.C. engines using the Porous Medium Combustion Engine, called PM-engine. This is an I.C. engine with the following processes realized in a porous medium - internal heat recuperation, fuel injection and vaporization, mixing with air, homogenization, 3D-thermal self-ignition followed by a homogeneous combustion. The main features of the PM-engine are the following: 1)Very low emissions level due to homogeneous combustion and controlled temperature in the PM-combustion zone 2) Theoretically higher cycle efficiency due to similarity to the Carnot cycle. 3) Very low combustion noise due to significantly reduced pressure peaks. 4) Nearly constant and homogeneous combustion temperature field in the PM-volume. 5) Very fast combustion. 6) Multi-fuel system. 7) May operate with homogeneous charge: from stoichiometric to very lean mixture compositions. 8) Weak effect of in-cylinder flow structure, turbulence or spray atomization. The main aim of this contribution is to present the better homogeneous combustion in IC engines which makes the IC engine very efficient. As a first step in the direction, homogeneous combustion, porous medium technology and its principle ,P.M. engine with open chamber and closed chamber is presented. Secondly, thermodynamics, practical realization, first results and potential of P.M engine is carried out. The paper concludes with the necessity of P.M. engine rather than diesel engine. The nature of the mixture formation and the followed combustion processes realized in a direct injection engines, indicate a lack of mechanisms for controlling the mixture formation and homogenization of the sequence of process and, hence, do not allow homogeneous combustion. The entire homogenization, however, is necessary for significant reductions of engine emissions in primary combustion [1,2]. There is also no doubt today, that the future trend of development means homogenizations of the combustion process with a goal to develop such combustion systems that could operate under part to full loads with a homogeneous combustion. It has not only been studied theoretically but has been technically realized.