Abstract Wind energy has matured to a level of development where it is ready to become a generally accepted utility generation technology.

A brief discussion of this development is presented, and the operating and design principles are discussed. Alternative designs for wind turbines and the tradeoffs that must be considered are briefly compared. Development of a wind energy system and the impacts on the utility network including frequency stability, voltage stability, and power quality are discussed. The assessment of wind power station economics and the key economic factors that determine the economic viability of a wind power plant are presented. Introduction Currently the world s fastest growing renewable power source, wind energy is the transformation of the wind s kinetic force into mechanical power through a turbine. The mechanical power can be used for such tasks as grinding grain or pumping water, or converted into electricity through a generator for use by homes and businesses. Wind is a form of solar energy. The irregular heating !arth s atmosphere by the "un causes the air mass to move from regions of high pressure to lower pressure areas. The kinetic energy of the moving air #wind energy$ can be translated directly into mechanical or electrical energy. %istorically, the first use of wind energy was probably to propel boats by use of sails. There is some evidence that wind energy was being used this way as early as &''' (.C. on the )ile. At some point later, this linear motion was translated into rotational motion by means of the windmill. These were in e*istence in China several centuries before Christ. Windmills were initially used to pump water but over the centuries they have been used to grind grain into flour and to produce electricity. They are found in all parts of the world with %olland and "pain historically being most associated with their use. Today much attention is being paid to wind energy as an alternative to conventional methods of producing electrical energy. The advantages of using the wind as a means of electrical energy production are obvious. +n these days of atmospheric pollution it is an attractive proposition to have absolutely clean, non,polluting energy sources such as wind energy. +n -..', California produced enough electrical energy from the wind to offset the emission of /.& billion pounds of carbon dio*ide from conventional power plants. The basic technology has been in use since the beginning of the twentieth century. The energy of the wind is used to turn windmill blades that rotate a generator to produce electricity. 0odern windmills have reached high levels of efficiency by using the

latest advances in electronics, material technology and aerodynamics. The most recent designs have reached levels of up to .12 efficiency. %owever, all this comes with a price tag. 3oughly 1'2 of the cost of electrical conversion from wind energy is the price of equipment. 4nce installed, however, the running costs are low, as no energy sources such as oil and coal are needed. 4bviously, wind energy can only be used if there are fairly predictable winds with enough speed to be efficient. 5Though only about five countries in the world produce nearly three quarters of all the wind power, with the growth rate that we are seeing wind power is the fastest growing energy source in the world,6 according to 7oseph 8lorence of the !arth 9olicy +nstitute in Washington. :A decade ago, wind energy stood at &,''' megawatts so that ;',''' megawatts of installed capacity that we have today represents a twelve,fold increase over the last ten years,: said 8lorence in a 3adio )< interview. Wind farms are essentially a large,scale grouping of turbines, which can vary in number from one or two to hundreds of turbines and generate power from as low as &' kilowatts to several hundred megawatts. The largest single wind farm in the =.". at present is the "tateline Wind !nergy Center, situated along the 4regon,Washington border. The center, with around >&' turbines, has a generating capacity of ?'' megawatts or enough electricity to power around @/,''' homes. Importance of wind technology development energy for green

The term :Areen Technology: has been adopted over the last 1 years to identify a group of industries and industrial applications which e*ploit the commercial value of technologies that benefit the environmentB particularly as it impacts the human condition. This basket of effected industries is quite diverse and includes businesses as far a field as energy and agriculture. "ome predict every consumer product will someday be affected. Wind energy is important in green technology because this wind energy does not give any bad impact to the !arth. The wind energy is a natural source that do not need any source to generate it but instead this wind energy will generate electricity. History of implementation around the world and in Malaysia "ince early recorded history, people have been harnessing the energy of the wind. Wind energy propelled boats along the )ile 3iver as early as &''' (.C. (y /'' (.C., simple windmills in China were pumping water, while vertical,a*is windmills with woven reed sails were grinding grain in 9ersia and the 0iddle !ast.

!arly in the twentieth century, windmills were commonly used across the Areat 9lains to pump water and to generate electricity. )ew ways of using the energy of the wind eventually spread around the world. (y the --th century, people in the 0iddle !ast were using windmills e*tensively for food productionB returning merchants and crusaders carried this idea back to !urope. The Dutch refined the windmill and adapted it for draining lakes and marshes in the 3hine 3iver Delta. When settlers took this technology to the )ew World in the late -.th century, they began using windmills to pump water for farms and ranches, and later, to generate electricity for homes and industry. +ndustrialiCation, first in !urope and later in America, led to a gradual decline in the use of windmills. The steam engine replaced !uropean water,pumping windmills. +n the -.?'s, the 3ural !lectrification Administration s programs brought ine*pensive electric power to most rural areas in the =nited "tates. %owever, industrialiCation also sparked the development of larger windmills to generate electricity. Commonly called wind turbines, these machines appeared in Denmark as early as -1.'. +n the -.>'s the largest wind turbine of the time began operating on a Dermont hilltop known as Arandpa s Enob. This turbine, rated at -./& megawatts in winds of about ?' mph, fed electric power to the local utility network for several months during World War ++. The popularity of using the energy in the wind has always fluctuated with the price of fossil fuels. When fuel prices fell after World War ++, interest in wind turbines waned. (ut when the price of oil skyrocketed in the -.@'s, so did worldwide interest in wind turbine generators. The wind turbine technology 3FD that followed the oil embargoes of the -.@'s refined old ideas and introduced new ways of converting wind energy into useful power. 0any of these approaches have been demonstrated in :wind farms: or wind power plants G groups of turbines that feed electricity into the utility grid G in the =nited "tates and !urope. Today, the lessons learned from more than a decade of operating wind power plants, along with continuing 3FD, have made wind,generated electricity very close in cost to the power from conventional utility generation in some locations. Wind energy is the world s fastest,growing energy source and will power industry, businesses and homes with clean, renewable electricity for many years to come. Wind energy in global / local perspectives 0ost 0alaysians strongly agree with the presence of wind energy in 0alaysia. Crude oil prices skyrocketing and unstable is certainly a burden to the

public because it is a significant impact on the cost of electricity generation, other than the transport sector. This is because over the years, apart from the use of hydroelectric power, oil is widely used to propel electric generators centers around the world. To relieve the supplier of electricity, many countries are now starting to move to find alternative energy sources or renewable energy to drive turbines in their power plants. +ndeed, there are many alternative and renewable energy that can be used as nuclear energy, water, biomass, wind, solar and hydrogen. )ot only is it cheap but energy produced from alternative materials is cleaner and environmentally friendly, as it can be updated easily. Operation Of Wind Energy The most common wind electricity,generating method is using wind turbines. The wind turns large turbine blades, which spins a generator shaft and produces electricity #more about the parts of a wind turbine$. %ow does wind energy workH A wind turbine is connected to a house, battery bank, andIor the state electricity grid. The electricity can then charge batteries, be connected to a buildingJs mains power, or connected to the national power grid. Wind turbines come in all shapes and siCes, from large scale wind farms to small scale wind turbines used to power a single home or business. Kike solar, the !uropean =nion is leading the way with >1 percent of the worldJs installed wind power capacity. +n /''., wind turbines installed in the != produced -;? TWh of electricity L avoiding -'; million tonnes of carbon emissions M-N. 3esidential wind options include small wind turbines such as &''w rated turbine generators L enough to run lighting or a few appliances L to larger scale turbines such as a /kw rated L enough to power an entire house plus sell some to the national grid depending on how much you use. The most common model is the blade turbine, however a new style of turbine has recently emerged L vertical a*is turbines. Dertical a*is turbines are smaller, lower to the ground, and create less noise L so are good for residential areas. The practicalities of how wind energy works is simple, but socially and economically, not so simple. The Importance Of Electrical Machines In The ystem DC 0AC%+)! The conventional DC machine is either self, e*cited by shunt or series coils carrying DC current to produce a magnetic field. Actually, the DC machine is often designed with permanent magnets to eliminate the field current requirement, hence, the

commutator. +t is designed in the 5inside,out6 configuration. The rotor carries the permanent magnet poles and the stator carries the wound armature which produces the AC current. This current is then rectified using the solid state rectifiers. "uch machines do not need the commutator and the brushes, hence, the reliability is greatly improved. The permanent magnet DC machine is used with small wind turbines, however, due to limitation of the permanent magnet capacity and strength. The brushless DC machine is e*pected to be limited to ratings below one hundred kW. "O)C%34)4=" 0AC%+)! 0ost of the electrical power consumed in the world is generated by the synchronous generator. 8or this reason, the synchronous machine is well established machine. The synchronous machine works at a constant speed related to the fi*ed frequency. Therefore, it is not suitable for variable, speed operation ion the wind plants. 0oreover, the synchronous machine requires DC current to e*cite the rotor field, which needs sliding carbon brushes on slip rings on the rotor shaft. this poses a limitation on its use. The need of DC field current and the brushes can be eliminated by the reluctance torque. The reliability is greatly improved while reducing the cost. The machine rating, however, is limited to tens of kW. The reluctance synchronous generator is actually used for small wind generators. +)D=CT+4) 0AC%+)! The primary advantage of the induction machine is the rugged brushless construction and no need for separate DC field power. The disadvantages of both the DC machine and the synchronous machine are eliminated in the induction machine, resulting in low capital cost, low maintenance and better transient performance. 8or these reasons, the induction generator is e*tensively used in small and large wind farms and small hydroelectric power plants. The machine is available in numerous power ratings up to several megawatts capacity and even larger. The induction machine needs AC e*citation current. The machine is either self,e*cited or e*ternally e*cited. "ince the e*citation current is mainly reactive, a stand,alone system is self,e*cited by shunt capacitors. The induction generator connected to the grid draws the e*citation power from the network. The synchronous generators connected to the network must be capable of supplying this reactive power. 8or economy and reliability, many wind power systems use induction machines as the electrical generators. Types Of Wind Turbine Puiet 3evolution qr&

What It Is /// The qr& wind turbine is designed for an urban environment with low wind speeds and changing wind directions. How It Wor!s /// Traditional wind turbines capture horiContal winds and must rotate to follow changes in wind direction. The qr& s helical design allows the turbine to collect wind from all directions equally. Windspire What It Is /// Windspire is a vertical wind turbine, similar to the Puiet 3evolution. This ?',foot tall, >,foot wide turbine generates /''' kilowatts per hour given -/,mph winds, and it can survive winds up to -'&mph. How It Wor!s /// Windspire has a tall, thin propellerless rotor. +t generates power when wind spins its vertical airfoils. Honeywell Wind Turbine What It Is /// %oneywell is a rooftop wind turbine that works in wind speeds as low as / miles per hour. How It Wor!s /// The %oneywell turbine does not have gears like traditional wind turbines. +nstead, it creates power from magnets in its blade tips and in the enclosure for the blades. This, claims %oneywell, results in lower resistance, which can mean higher energy output. "hallenges in implementation of wind energy# current and opportunities for $%& Wind technology will need to evolve. !ngineers need to make wind turbines larger, taller, less e*pensive, more reliable and more efficient. (ecause wind turbine components undergo e*cessive forces and a tremendous amount of Qoint stresses and failures, numerous manufacturing issues must be addressed. +t looks very graceful and simple,but the aerodynamics, power characteristics, vibrations, system fatigue, acoustics of a wind turbine are harder to understand than an airplane or ahelicopter. 8or instance, blades, towers and casings must be able to withstand heat, cold, rain, ice and abuse from changing wind speeds. (lades must also be built with a high strength,to,weight ratio, so research into new materials is key. 0aking wind energy practical is a matter of ma*imiCing efficiency and minimiCing production cost. 3eliability is critical in the wind turbine industry. The most difficult application is the gearbo*, because it is important to avoid any distortion. The challenge is to maintain clamp loads for the service life of the turbine. 0anufacturers are looking at weight reduction and improved assembly of threaded Qoints.6 Close tolerances, the ability of components to withstand operation in difficult conditions, and the availability of quality materials are all important

challenges facing engineers. +t is also a challenge to develop parts that are light,weight enough so that the final system can be assembled more easily, but they must also be durable enough to withstand difficult operating conditions. And finallyR the industry is struggling to build a local supply chain. The availability of a steady and sufficient supply of locally sourced components is important, as turbine companies increasingly develop production facilities away from their home base, they need to be able to have access to enough quality components to build the systems at their new location.6 'ew "hallenges for Wind Energy A$ 4ngoing (ooming Demand -. !nvironmental and 9olitical 8ramework -.- +mplications of the Eyoto 9rotocol for Wind !nergy The Eyoto 9rotocol was adopted in Eyoto, 7apan in -..@ and came into force on 8ebruary-;th /''&. +ts maQor feature is to set binding targets for ?@ industrialiCed countries and the !uropean community. The main target is the reduction of man made greenhouse gas #A%A$ emissions by appro*imately five per cent from -..' levels over the period from /''1,/'-/. As a result of -&' years of industrial activity, developed countries carry the main responsibility for high A%A emission. Their burden has been enhanced through :common but differentiated responsibilities.: +nitially regional measures have to be taken and three market based options should be made availableR emission trading #the carbon market$, clean development mechanism and Qoint implementation. The international transaction log is located in (onn, Aermany and it is e*pected that the developed countries will initiate proQects in less developed countries on the basis of a lower cost perspective. The Eyoto 9rotocol contains no statement in respect of which technology should be installed to reduce the emission of A%A. Wind !nergy as part of the so called renewable energies does not emit any A%A. !ven during their life time cycle modern Wind Turbine Aenerators produce between ;' to 1' times the energy consumed in their manufacturing process, which leads to a significant reduction of the emissions #source R www.3isoe.dk$. Therefore Wind !nergy becomes a main topic all over the world to fulfil the targets of the Eyoto 9rotocol. -./ !*pected 4utcome of the Copenhagen =) Climate Change Conference in December /''.

The /''. =nited )ations Climate Change Conference is scheduled to be held in Copenhagen in December /''.. +t shall be the most important of the post,Eyoto 9rotocol negotiations on greenhouse gas emissions. "ince 8ebruary /''@, a series of international negotiations took place to develop the framework of a binding multilateral treaty that is intended to further reduce the man made impact on climate change beyond the /'-/ targets. This treaty still is e*pected to be finaliCed in Copenhagen. (ased on the -..' level of emissions, it is e*pected to require a reduction of greenhouse gas by /'/' by a minimum of ?'2. "ome e*perts already believe this target to be insufficient to meet the defined overall target to stop global heating at not more than a /SE change. Among other topics, points of discussion will be , new emissions targets, , rural and transport electrification. 9lus the general topic of finance transfers for new technologies to those related most to wind energy. Importance of related technology development ($ Technological Development and Trends )ew Technologies -.- 4verview )ew types and models of wind turbine are constantly under development. 0odels are seen with several generators, others with new blade designs that optimise the output and improve efficiency by a few percent. 4ne of the main obstacles in developing new and improved WTAs #Wind Turbine Aenerator$ is the general life cycle demand and the lack of real life testing possibilities due to the siCe of the units and their load constraints. +n addition to larger and more efficient designs, there is an effort to improve reliability. +mproved monitoring systems for conventional three bladed geared upwind turbines are now designed for early detection of problems, with further developments in respect of sensitivity. These monitoring systems notify the necessity of immediate service or the possibility of postponing the service to the ne*t regular maintenance. "ignificant maintenance e*pense can be saved avoiding e*tra service calls, so manufacturers try to improve reliability and stability of operation. -./ 4ffshore Currently the world s largest generators in serial production are & 0W. Karger units are currently being tested 4ffshore installation has also been a maQor factor in the cost of these wind farms, with offshore wind farms being appro*imately /''2 more e*pensive

than onshore wind farms. An estimated -' 2 of the total proQect costs likely to be saved by utilising the new :9KAC! A)D 9K=A T0: method suitable for &,>' mTs water depth. Currently any standard installation vessel is in high demand and will spend year for the erection of -'' offshore WTAs , a new Danish, patented, time reducing multipurpose installation vessel and method :9KAC! A)D 9K=A T0: makes it possible to assemble and test the entire WTA including foundation in the harbour and install /'' offshore WTAs per year. The fully assembled WTAs mounted on their gravity based foundations are floated onboard the vessel and placed on the seabed by letting water and ballast into the chamber. The vessel can load ? assembled WTAs per shipment. 4bvious benefits areR U A semi submersible multi purpose Qack up vessel that can place monopiles as well as :9KAC! A)D 9K=A T0: U The Qust,in,time principleB a short financing period with only -> days from factory to onshore installationB -/ hours installation time from arrival at offshore location U Assembly is done onshore at low cost #-I-' of the cost incurred offshore$B only one vessel has to access the installation site and the completed WTA is pre,tested onshore before shipment. The installation vessel is self propelled and has a better ability to withstand waves #transport V & m wave height, installation is possible V / m wave height$, which leads to less waiting periods for weather windows. The :9KAC! A)D 9K=A T0: also allows decommission and removing the WTAs after the operation #authoriCation$ permit for re, establishment of the seabed. Kimitations for the application of the 5place and plug T06 are the necessary soft bottom conditions, and use only for small scale wind farms. The higher power output of offshore wind farms compared to onshore wind farms due to stronger and more consistent winds are e*pected to compensate for higher costs of installation and operationImaintenance. )ew Dimensions /.- Wind Turbines +ndividual onshore wind turbines have gradually increased in siCe over the past ?' years from less than - 0W to test units of & 0W. +n recent years, most wind parks have utilised wind turbine units of between -.& 0W and /.& 0W. /./ Wind 8arms The capacity of wind farms reflects local laws and geographic constraints. "panish wind farms have

traditionally been restricted to &' 0W, however it is common that multiple wind farms only use one larger utility transformer. +n most !uropean countries, wind farms are relatively small. )orth America and Australia are characterised by far larger installations with wind farm capacities of well over -'' 0W. The increasing siCe of wind farms, andIor their shared utility distribution creates increasing concentrations of e*posure for todayWs insurers. $%&# "ommerciali(ation Improvement "apabilities and )rocess

4hio offers world class universities and globally recogniCed wind research and technology development that will improve the odds of commercial success. +n /''1, X/& million has been made available for advanced energy innovations including wind. 4hio is the only state that has two maQor federal research laboratories, )A"A Alenn 3esearch Center and Air 8orce 3esearch Kaboratory, with e*tensive research capabilities focused on propulsion and materials,research on breakthrough technologies for wind development. Case Western 3eserve =niversity , 8or nearly /'' years, Case has held a reputation as one of the finest research universities in the =nited "tates, including a top &' ranking last year for large research institutions. Case recently announced the creation of the Areat Kakes +nstitute for !nergy +nnovation in its "chool of !ngineering. =niversity of Dayton 3esearch +nstitute and its close partnership with Wright 9atterson Air 8orce (ase has allowed the =niversity of Dayton to transition seamlessly into wind research and leverage e*perience in the wind energy market. . $ole of government and subsidiaries for sustainability of the wind energy# government policy Wind energy offers a pollution free, infinitely sustainable form of energy that can help to reduce our reliance on traditional fossil,based power generation. A turbine has an average life e*pectancy of /' to /& years. As with any machinery, some parts may wear out and need replacement during that time, but a modern wind turbine is .1 percent reliable. The government should play an important role in making 0alaysia a country that practices :green energy: to reduce carbon dio*ide in the air. Aovernment should promote the effects of carbon dio*ide on human and disadvantages. the government should set up a windmill to help generate electricity to replace oil. Wind energy is an energy that does not pollute the environment. "ubsidiaries role of government is to help someone to carry wind energy in 0alaysia. "ubsidiaries also need to invest to carry wind energy in 0alaysia. This will also help the economy by using the wind to generate electricity. )ros and "ons of I)) for wind energy development in Malaysia*

)ros %igher contributions than an 33"9 for people who fit the age and earnings criteria. 9ast service funding opportunitiesB Additional contributions #terminal funding$. (etter creditor,protection. %igher investment standards , quality and diversification requirements. Deficit can be made up with more ta*, deductible contributions from the employer #the targeted rate of return is @.&2 per annum so deficit can arise if rate of return is less than @.&2$. "ons )o access to funds while employed and a member of the plan. 8or plans that are registered with the 8ederal or the provincial pension regulatory authority, there are minimum contribution requirements each year. 9lan assets must be used to provide pension amount defined by the plan so benefits are locked,in. %igher administration costs and e*penses. !*cess actuarial surplus may affect ability to make contributions. "ase tudy + , Whitelee Wind -arm# cotland Whitelee Wind 8arm is the second largest wind farm in !urope #after 8YntYnele,Cogealac, in 3omania$ with ->' "iemens wind turbines and a total capacity of ?// megawatts #0W$. Whitelee was developed and is operated by "cottish 9ower 3enewables, which is part of the "panish company +berdrola. Whitelee Wind 8arm has a @& turbine e*tension under construction, which will add an additional /-@ 0W of capacity. Work on this e*tension is set for completion in /'-/. The "cottish government had a target of generating ?-2 of "cotland s electricity from renewable energy by /'-- and -''2 by /'/'. The maQority of this is likely to come from wind power. 9ositioned ?'' metres #.1& feet$ above sea level and -& kilometres #..? mi$ outside Alasgow, "cotlandJs largest city, the wind farm has over half a million people living within a ?' km radius. This makes Whitelee one of the first large,scale wind farms to be developed close to a centre of population. M&N +n 0ay /''., Whitelee was officially opened to the at retirement

public by Ale* "almond 0"9, 8irst 0inister for "cotland. %owever, Whitelee was generating power long before this with the first phase of the wind farm supplying power to the electricity grid in 7anuary /''1. +n 0ay /''., the "cottish Aovernment granted permission for an e*tension to the wind farm that will produce up to a further -?' megawatts of power, which would increase the total generating capacity of Whitelee to >&/ 0W. There is also the potential to increase the generating capacity once again by ->' megawatts. This would give Whitelee the potential to generate almost ;'' megawatts of renewable energy. 4n -. 0arch /'-' a blade snapped off a turbine, resulting in temporary suspension of operations until safety checks were completed. 8ollowing the accident Eeith Anderson, managing director of "cottish 9ower 3enewables, saidR :This type of incident is e*ceptionally rare and highly unusual.: Whitelee has become an eco,tourist attraction aided by an on site visitor centre. The visitor centre is host to an interactive e*hibition room, cafe, shop and education hub. +t was officially opened to the public in "eptember /''.. The visitor centre also give access to a network of over .' km of paths for cyclists, ramblers and horse riders. The visitor centre is managed by Alasgow "cience Centre and offers activities for education and community groups. There is also a dedicated , free , electric vehicle charging station. Whitelee wind farm has a Countryside 3anger "ervice operated Qointly by !ast 3enfrewshire and "outh Kanarkshire councils that works to promote and develop access opportunities for the public within the wind farm and wider area, as well as operating an annual program of free activities and events open to the public. The Whitelee Countryside 3anger "ervice also work to encourage and assist community and charity organiCations to make use of the access opportunities within the wind farm for fundraising and charity events. The ranger service forms part of the Whitelee Access 9lanning Aroup which is made up of the wind farm operators, land owners, the three local authorities the wind farm comes within, local community groups and other interested parties to the site. The Whitelee Access 9lanning Aroup are developing plans for a purpose built single track mountain bike course. The development will use a former borrow pit, created to supply stone during construction of the windfarm. The site lies Qust &''m from the popular Whitelee visitor centre. This e*citing development is being led by !ast 3enfrewshire Council on behalf of the Whitelee Access 9lanning Aroup. The unique track design has been created by 9hil "a*ena of Architrail Ktd L renowned designer of the /''1 (eiQing 4lympic and /'-> Alasgow Commonwealth Aames ZC courses.

The proQect has followed strong public demand for more technical 0T( facilities at Whitelee. +ts setting within !uropeJs largest onshore windfarm will make it unique amongst trail centres. The plans will provide graded trails to suit a wide range of users, from beginners to more e*perienced riders. Careful design will deliver a course with a mi* of route options, technical sections and challenges. The facilities will e*tend across an area of appro*imately -/ hect +n 7une /'-/, Whitelee wind farm became the first wind energy proQect in "cotland to Qoin the Association of "cottish Disitor Attractions. The management took the decision after nearly /&',''' people visited !urope s largest onshore wind farm since /''.. "cottish 9ower 3enewables said nearly -',''' pupils had visited so far as part of school trips. +n addition, at least :another -'',''' people had accessed the wind farm s .'km #&; miles$ of trails for recreational purposes such as Qogging and cycling:. Whitelee Windfarm has a @& turbine e*tension under construction. This will add an additional /-@ 0W of capacity, enough to power the equivalent of over -/>,''' homes. Work on this new development commenced in )ovember /'-', with completion now set for December /'-/. +n August /'-/ "cottish 9ower announced that it was applying for a further small e*tension of five turbines on the west of the e*isting site, adding -/ 0W of capacity. "ase . , The &evelopment of Hybrid Integrated $enewable Energy ystem /Wind and olar0 for ustainable 1iving at )erhentian Island# Malaysia !ast Coast of 0alaysia. They are about /- E0 from the coast of Terengganu. They consist of two main island known as 9ulau 9erhentian (esar #The (ig +sland$ and 9ulau 9erhentian Eecil #The small +sland$. (oth island are popular spot for tourist from all over the world. They are attracted to the white long sandy beach and the coral garden. 0aQority of the building in the island are resort with only one fisherman village where the local people live. (efore )!( come to the island the villager relied on their own generator. +n /''/ )!( installed a diesel generator that power the island for /> hours. -. 9roQect (ackground and 4bQectives The main purpose of this proQect is to provide a reliable sources for around the clock supply of electricity to the customer which is the people of 9ulau 9erhentian. 8or the beginning it will focusing on the fishermen village at the 9ulau 9erhentian Eecil #The small +sland$. (efore the proQect started they were relying on the e*isting three numbers of /''EW generator set that fuel by diesel. The generator set were operated on parallel basis which

synchronise between them on semi auto mode. This sources is not sufficient to provide them /> hours energy supply. The problem arise when the price of diesel rises and the difficulty to obtain and transport the fuel to the island. +nline with the )!9 the potential optimiCing the usage of renewable energy need to be e*plored. (y introducing the integrated source of energy it is also mean upgrading the e*isting system and it will lead to cost saving by reducing the usage of diesel and maintenance. /. Kocation of the Wind 8arm

?. "ystem ComponentsR i. - unit of -''kW Disel Aenerator set to replace - =nit of /'' kW e*isting diesel genetaror set. ii. 0ultiple Aeneretor set control system for all generator sets which include the new and e*isting. iii. / units of -''kW #mechanical output$ wind turbine iv. -'' kW 9D array. v. />' Dolt DC >1' kWh baterry bank vi. %ybrid control system. >. Conclusion The potential of wind energy and possible integration of other renewable energy is possible to be achieved successfully. At this stage the hybrid system of wind and solar is not to replace the diesel generator but to minimise the usage of diesel as a source of electricity. The combination of solar panels, wind turbines and diesel generator will ensure a continuous low electricity no matter what the weather conditions are. As the turbine are designed to harness the wind on 9ulau perhentian as efficient as possible. As 0arch is the end of the )orth !ast monsoon season were most of the wind flow there it is clear that the potential of the wind energy can be further e*plore in this region where there are plenty more island resort that can be benefit to this technology. A further innovation research and development is recommended where this technology can be transformed to more efficient individually and to be more cost effective. "ase tudy 2 , Wind 3enerator At 4niversiti Malaysia )ahang

Wind is the one of the source of electricity distributed generation technology. )owadays around entire worldwide can produce power by Alternating Current #AC$ generator that is a common practice thus the implementation of wind generator. "ea breeCes and land breeCes can be important factors in a location s prevailing winds. At =09 campus Euala 9ahang it the one strategy places to generate the wind generator because it is near the sea. The advantages to use wind generator is environmental friendly refers than portable generator. As practically, wind generator doesnJt use any raw material. (ut, portable generator uses the fuel or petrol to generate the electricity. 4n the other hand, by using wind generator we will cut cost during running the system compare to the portable generator. +n wind generator system, the output will be producing -/'Watt to directly use to consumer. The system will be controlled by 9+C microcontroller that controls the input signal #-/'Watt$ directly to user. %owever, when the input signal is not produce -/'Watt, the 9+C microcontroller will give the signal to battery backup to user. 4ther than that, the battery will be inverting the source from Direct Current #DC$ to Alternating The !!"A is usually built with a rotor carrying the field system provided with a DC e*citation. The stator carries a three,phase winding quite similar to that of the induction machine. The rotor may have salient poles or may be cylindrical. "alient poles are more usual in low,speed machines and may be the most useful version for application to direct,drive wind turbines. M>N To increase the efficiency, to reduce the weight of the active parts, and to keep the end winding losses small, direct,drive generators are usually designed with a large diameter and small pole pitch. Compared with the traditional electrically e*cited synchronous generator, the requirement of a larger pole number can be met with permanent magnets which allow small pole pitch. "onclusion 4bviously, the entire world needs energy and the energy demand is constantly growing. )on renewable energy looks to be slowly but surely losing its dominance, and some innovative ideas in technology have really helped boosting some renewable energy sources it he last five years or so, most notably solar and wind energy. (y using wind energy instead of conventional one based on fossil fuels, you will be able to not only decrease your electricity bills but you ll also help our planet recover from pollution and climate change problem. %omemade wind energy system is not something completely new. We are talking about something that has been used for thousands of years. %omeowners who have decided to save energy by going green are on the right path by choosing wind energy systems.

"o if possible for you should definitely consider installing wind turbine at home. 4rdinary windmill is sufficient enough to provide energy for household operations. +n times when emphasis on clean environment has become tendency of many people wind energy definitely looks to be the right choice for many house owners that want to go green, and help doing something for our environment. 0any people see in wind power system energy solution that doesn t harm our environment, and this is the reason why they go for it. 4f course the low costs are quite helpful too. Wind energy proQect once built require little maintenance, and wind turbines do not interfere with electrical or transmission signals. There are really lots of ways in order to save money by using wind energy system at your home. +t is up to you to make the right decision. The advantages of using the wind as an alternative to conventional methods of producing electrical energy are obvious $eferences*
httpRIIwww.westcoast,actuaries.comIipp[advantages.htm httpRIIen.wikipedia.orgIwikiIWhitelee[Wind[8arm faculty.mu.edu.saIpublicIuploadsI-??.'>.'@/.@&?/eQss[. [>['?.pdf httpRIIumpir.ump.edu.myI/'1/I-I0ohd[8aCry[0ahpar[#[ CD[&?/1[$.pdf !mrah Eulunk #/'--$. Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines, 8undamental and Advanced Topics in Wind 9ower, 3upp Carriveau #!d.$, +"()R .@1,.&?,?'@,&'1,/, +nTech, Available fromR httpRIIwww.intechopen.comIbooksIfundamental,and, advanced,topics,in,wind,powerIaerodynamics,of,wind, turbines Earam 0aalawi #/'--$. "pecial +ssues on Design 4ptimiCation of Wind Turbine "tructures, Wind Turbines, +brahim Al,(ahadly #!d.$, +"()R .@1,.&?,?'@,//-,', +nTech, Available fromR httpRIIwww.intechopen.comIbooksIwind,turbinesIspecial, issues,on,design,optimiCation,of,wind,turbine,structures 0arkel <ubiaga #/'-/$. Wind !nergy, !nergy Transmission and Arid +ntegration of AC 4ffshore Wind 8arms, 0. <ubiaga, A. Abad, 7. A. (arrena, ". Aurtenet*ea and A. Carcar #!d.$, +"()R .@1,.&?,&-, '?;1,>, +nTech, Available fromR httpRIIwww.intechopen.comIbooksIenergy,transmission, and,grid,integration,of,ac,offshore,wind,farmsIwind, energy Chaouki Ahenai and )evCat "argsyan #/'-'$. Wind !nergy, 9aths to "ustainable !nergy, 7atin )athwani and Artie )g #!d.$, +"()R .@1,.&?,?'@,>'-,;, +nTech, Available fromR httpRIIwww.intechopen.comIbooksIpaths, to,sustainable,energyIwind,energy, 3. 0esquita (randao, 7. (eleCa Carvalho and 8. 9. 0aciel (arbosa #/''.$. Wind !nergy Technology, 3enewable !nergy, T 7 %ammons #!d.$, +"()R .@1,.&?,@;-.,&/,@,

+nTech, Available httpRIIwww.intechopen.comIbooksIrenewable, energyIwind,energy,technology

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