Towards Automated Faults Detection in Smart Grid Communication Networks

Midterm Presentation February 6, 2014 Robin Doumerc rdoume12@student.aau.dk

Department of Electronic Systems Aalborg University Denmark

Agenda
Smart grid Grid of the future Communication network infrastructure Applications Problem Formulation Dependability of the network Attributes & Threats Fault Managment Detect Anomalies in IP-network Trafc Monitoring the network Probing Link failure monitor Representation of the network The "Blackbox" Motivations Whats next? Simulation
14

Smart grid
Grid of the future Communication network infrastructure Applications Problem Formulation

Dependability of the network

Attributes & Threats Fault Managment

Detect Anomalies in IP-network Trafc

Monitoring the network Probing

Link failure monitor

Representation of the network The "Blackbox" Motivations

Whats next?
Simulation

Dept. of Electronic Systems Aalborg University Denmark

Smart grid
Grid of the future
Smart grid
2 Grid of the future Communication network infrastructure Applications Problem Formulation

Dependability of the network

Attributes & Threats Fault Managment

Detect Anomalies in IP-network Trafc

Monitoring the network Probing

Link failure monitor

Representation of the network The "Blackbox" Motivations

Whats next?
Simulation

Figure: Old grid vs New grid

Credit: powerelectronics.com/images/feat2-1009-smartgrid-sys-g01.jpg
14 Dept. of Electronic Systems Aalborg University Denmark

Smart grid
Grid of the future
Smart grid
3 Grid of the future Communication network infrastructure Applications Problem Formulation

Dependability of the network

Attributes & Threats Fault Managment

Detect Anomalies in IP-network Trafc

Monitoring the network Probing

Link failure monitor

Representation of the network The "Blackbox" Motivations

Whats next?
Simulation

Figure: Power Generation in Denmark

Credit: U.S DOE: the SMART GRID: an introduction.
14 Dept. of Electronic Systems Aalborg University Denmark

Smart grid
Communication network infrastructure
Smart grid
Grid of the future 4 Communication network infrastructure Applications Problem Formulation

Dependability of the network

Attributes & Threats Fault Managment

Detect Anomalies in IP-network Trafc

Monitoring the network Probing

Link failure monitor

Representation of the network The "Blackbox" Motivations

Whats next?
Simulation

Figure: Communication network layers & architecture

Credit: GMT RESEARCH: THE SMART GRID IN 2010
14 Dept. of Electronic Systems Aalborg University Denmark

Smart grid
Applications
Smart grid
Grid of the future Communication network infrastructure 5 Applications Problem Formulation

There are a various number of applications.

Dependability of the network

Attributes & Threats Fault Managment

Detect Anomalies in IP-network Trafc

Monitoring the network Probing

Link failure monitor

Representation of the network The "Blackbox" Motivations

Whats next?
Simulation

14

Dept. of Electronic Systems Aalborg University Denmark

Smart grid
Applications
Smart grid
Grid of the future Communication network infrastructure 5 Applications Problem Formulation

There are a various number of applications.

Most common Applications

Automatic meter reading Demand Response Substation automation Dynamic pricing Electric Vehicle charging

Dependability of the network

Attributes & Threats Fault Managment

Detect Anomalies in IP-network Trafc

Monitoring the network Probing

Link failure monitor

Representation of the network The "Blackbox" Motivations

Whats next?
Simulation

14

Dept. of Electronic Systems Aalborg University Denmark

Smart grid
Applications
Smart grid
Grid of the future Communication network infrastructure 5 Applications Problem Formulation

There are a various number of applications.

Most common Applications

Automatic meter reading Demand Response Substation automation Dynamic pricing Electric Vehicle charging Therefore, different applications imply different requirements All those applications communicate simultanously on the networks Specic Quality of service is needed Some critical applications need a failure resilient system.
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Dependability of the network

Attributes & Threats Fault Managment

Detect Anomalies in IP-network Trafc

Monitoring the network Probing

Link failure monitor

Representation of the network The "Blackbox" Motivations

Whats next?
Simulation

Dept. of Electronic Systems Aalborg University Denmark

Smart grid
Problem Formulation
Smart grid
Grid of the future Communication network infrastructure Applications 6 Problem Formulation

Dependability of the network

Attributes & Threats Fault Managment

Detect Anomalies in IP-network Trafc

Monitoring the network Probing

Link failure monitor

Representation of the network The "Blackbox" Motivations

Whats next?
Simulation

14

Dept. of Electronic Systems Aalborg University Denmark

Dependability of the network

Threats & Attributes

Attributes

Smart grid
Grid of the future Communication network infrastructure Applications Problem Formulation

Dependability of the network

7 Attributes & Threats Fault Managment

Detect Anomalies in IP-network Trafc

Monitoring the network Probing

Link failure monitor

Representation of the network The "Blackbox" Motivations

Whats next?
Simulation

14

Dept. of Electronic Systems Aalborg University Denmark

Dependability of the network

Threats & Attributes

Attributes Availability : Readiness for correct service Reliability: Uninterrupted correct service Maintainability: Continuous delivery of incorrect service.
7

Smart grid
Grid of the future Communication network infrastructure Applications Problem Formulation

Dependability of the network

Attributes & Threats Fault Managment

Detect Anomalies in IP-network Trafc

Monitoring the network Probing

Link failure monitor

Representation of the network The "Blackbox" Motivations

Whats next?
Simulation

14

Dept. of Electronic Systems Aalborg University Denmark

Dependability of the network

Threats & Attributes

Attributes Availability : Readiness for correct service Reliability: Uninterrupted correct service Maintainability: Continuous delivery of incorrect service. Integrity: No alteration of the system Safety: No dangereous effects on the user/environment Condentiality: absence of disclosure of information
7

Smart grid
Grid of the future Communication network infrastructure Applications Problem Formulation

Dependability of the network

Attributes & Threats Fault Managment

Detect Anomalies in IP-network Trafc

Monitoring the network Probing

Link failure monitor

Representation of the network The "Blackbox" Motivations

Whats next?
Simulation

14

Dept. of Electronic Systems Aalborg University Denmark

Dependability of the network

Threats & Attributes

Attributes Availability : Readiness for correct service Reliability: Uninterrupted correct service Maintainability: Continuous delivery of incorrect service. Integrity: No alteration of the system Safety: No dangereous effects on the user/environment Condentiality: absence of disclosure of information Threats:
7

Smart grid
Grid of the future Communication network infrastructure Applications Problem Formulation

Dependability of the network

Attributes & Threats Fault Managment

Detect Anomalies in IP-network Trafc

Monitoring the network Probing

Link failure monitor

Representation of the network The "Blackbox" Motivations

Whats next?
Simulation

14

Dept. of Electronic Systems Aalborg University Denmark

Dependability of the network

Threats & Attributes

Attributes Availability : Readiness for correct service Reliability: Uninterrupted correct service Maintainability: Continuous delivery of incorrect service. Integrity: No alteration of the system Safety: No dangereous effects on the user/environment Condentiality: absence of disclosure of information Threats: Fault: An incorrect step/data/process in the service that may lead to an error Error: Deviation of the system from the correct service Failure: The delivered service is not acceptable/fails to conform a specication of the system.
7

Smart grid
Grid of the future Communication network infrastructure Applications Problem Formulation

Dependability of the network

Attributes & Threats Fault Managment

Detect Anomalies in IP-network Trafc

Monitoring the network Probing

Link failure monitor

Representation of the network The "Blackbox" Motivations

Whats next?
Simulation

14

Dept. of Electronic Systems Aalborg University Denmark

Dependability of the network

Threats & Attributes

Attributes Availability : Readiness for correct service Reliability: Uninterrupted correct service Maintainability: Continuous delivery of incorrect service. Integrity: No alteration of the system Safety: No dangereous effects on the user/environment Condentiality: absence of disclosure of information Threats: Fault: An incorrect step/data/process in the service that may lead to an error Error: Deviation of the system from the correct service Failure: The delivered service is not acceptable/fails to conform a specication of the system.
7

Smart grid
Grid of the future Communication network infrastructure Applications Problem Formulation

Dependability of the network

Attributes & Threats Fault Managment

Detect Anomalies in IP-network Trafc

Monitoring the network Probing

Link failure monitor

Representation of the network The "Blackbox" Motivations

Whats next?
Simulation

14

Dept. of Electronic Systems Aalborg University Denmark

Dependability of the network

Threats & Attributes

Attributes Availability : Readiness for correct service Reliability: Uninterrupted correct service Maintainability: Continuous delivery of incorrect service. Integrity: No alteration of the system Safety: No dangereous effects on the user/environment Condentiality: absence of disclosure of information Threats: Fault: An incorrect step/data/process in the service that may lead to an error Error: Deviation of the system from the correct service Failure: The delivered service is not acceptable/fails to conform a specication of the system.
7

Smart grid
Grid of the future Communication network infrastructure Applications Problem Formulation

Dependability of the network

Attributes & Threats Fault Managment

Detect Anomalies in IP-network Trafc

Monitoring the network Probing

Link failure monitor

Representation of the network The "Blackbox" Motivations

Whats next?
Simulation

14

Dept. of Electronic Systems Aalborg University Denmark

Dependability of the network

Fault Managment
Smart grid
Grid of the future Communication network infrastructure Applications Problem Formulation

Fault managment is one of 5 categories from the FCAPS network managment model dened by OSI.

Dependability of the network

Attributes & Threats 8 Fault Managment

Detection : A fault is detected in the system. Diagnosis: Determination of which component leads to a fault Isolation: Make sure the diagnosed fault will not propagate, leading to a cascading failure Recovery: Restauration of the component to its normal state Repair: Restoring the system to its expected state

Detect Anomalies in IP-network Trafc

Monitoring the network Probing

Link failure monitor

Representation of the network The "Blackbox" Motivations

Whats next?
Simulation

14

Dept. of Electronic Systems Aalborg University Denmark

Anomalies in the network Trafc

Monitoring the network
Smart grid
Grid of the future Communication network infrastructure Applications Problem Formulation

Passive Monitoring
Passive monitoring has no inuence on the trafc load of the network. It "listens" to the trafc passing through one node Need of processing a posteriori data Non-suitable for end-to-end monitoring

Dependability of the network

Attributes & Threats Fault Managment

Detect Anomalies in IP-network Trafc

9 Monitoring the network Probing

Link failure monitor

Representation of the network The "Blackbox" Motivations

Whats next?
Simulation

14

Dept. of Electronic Systems Aalborg University Denmark

Anomalies in the network Trafc

Monitoring the network
Smart grid
Grid of the future Communication network infrastructure Applications Problem Formulation

Passive Monitoring
Passive monitoring has no inuence on the trafc load of the network. It "listens" to the trafc passing through one node Need of processing a posteriori data Non-suitable for end-to-end monitoring

Dependability of the network

Attributes & Threats Fault Managment

Detect Anomalies in IP-network Trafc

9 Monitoring the network Probing

Active Monitoring
Active monitoring sends trafc (probes) in the network to measure its metrics such as: routes, delay, RTT, jitter etc. It allows discovery of topology and link failures. However, probes can interfere with regular trafc and/or be treated differently.

Link failure monitor

Representation of the network The "Blackbox" Motivations

Whats next?
Simulation

14

Dept. of Electronic Systems Aalborg University Denmark

Anomalies in the network Trafc

Probing
Smart grid

Pre-Planned Probes
Probes are dened in advance and are send periodically. Period time is around 5-10 min, what if something happened in between? How to select efcient number or probes, withouth generating too much trafc? Therefore, its not the best solution for diagnosis.
10

Grid of the future Communication network infrastructure Applications Problem Formulation

Dependability of the network

Attributes & Threats Fault Managment

Detect Anomalies in IP-network Trafc

Monitoring the network Probing

Link failure monitor

Representation of the network The "Blackbox" Motivations

Whats next?
Simulation

14

Dept. of Electronic Systems Aalborg University Denmark

Anomalies in the network Trafc

Probing
Smart grid

Pre-Planned Probes
Probes are dened in advance and are send periodically. Period time is around 5-10 min, what if something happened in between? How to select efcient number or probes, withouth generating too much trafc? Therefore, its not the best solution for diagnosis.
10

Grid of the future Communication network infrastructure Applications Problem Formulation

Dependability of the network

Attributes & Threats Fault Managment

Detect Anomalies in IP-network Trafc

Monitoring the network Probing

Active Probing
Interractive mode; The most likely diagnosis is determined using probes results. Once diagnosis is made, new probes are send to conrm/inrm diagnosis. This operation goes until conrmation Selection of probing tools is then important.
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Link failure monitor

Representation of the network The "Blackbox" Motivations

Whats next?
Simulation

Dept. of Electronic Systems Aalborg University Denmark

Link failure monitor

Representation of the network
Smart grid
Grid of the future Communication network infrastructure Applications Problem Formulation

To improve control, the electrical grid is splitted in clusters. The same idea is used for the communication network Each end-user is then connected to local aggregators directly or through a mesh, forming a cluster The network can be represented as as spanning Tree where the root is the central managment center and each leaf is a cluster. Each node of the Tree sends status information to the upper node
11

Dependability of the network

Attributes & Threats Fault Managment

Detect Anomalies in IP-network Trafc

Monitoring the network Probing

Link failure monitor

Representation of the network The "Blackbox" Motivations

Whats next?
Simulation

14

Dept. of Electronic Systems Aalborg University Denmark

Link failure monitor

the "Blackbox"
Smart grid

Heartbeat
Each user sends a small UDP probe to Aggregators with a timestamp. Aggregators send an Ack "Heartbeat" Aggregators log data from heartbeat: Sender, sent time, received time

Grid of the future Communication network infrastructure Applications Problem Formulation

Dependability of the network

Attributes & Threats Fault Managment

Detect Anomalies in IP-network Trafc

Monitoring the network Probing

Link failure detection

senders in log if time since last HB > Threshold A failure is assumed, a ping is to conrm Inrm or conrm diagnosis Switch network in accordance.
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Link failure monitor

Representation of the network The "Blackbox" Motivations

Whats next?
Simulation

Dept. of Electronic Systems Aalborg University Denmark

Link failure monitor

Motivations
Smart grid
Grid of the future Communication network infrastructure Applications Problem Formulation

The same blackbox can be used for end user and for Aggregators UDP overhead is lighter than TCP Less stress for network The box can therefore be upgraded to deeper diagnosis If W.M.N used, peer-to-peer diagnosis is possible, in order to reduce computation needs of the Aggregators.
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Dependability of the network

Attributes & Threats Fault Managment

Detect Anomalies in IP-network Trafc

Monitoring the network Probing

Link failure monitor

Representation of the network The "Blackbox" Motivations

Whats next?
Simulation

14

Dept. of Electronic Systems Aalborg University Denmark

Whats next?
Simulation
Smart grid
Grid of the future Communication network infrastructure Applications Problem Formulation

The Hierarchical communication network is implemented in Omnet++ C++ code Exportable. Omnet++ allows simulation of link/node failures. Data analysis can be easily done afterwards.
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Dependability of the network

Attributes & Threats Fault Managment

Detect Anomalies in IP-network Trafc

Monitoring the network Probing

Link failure monitor

Representation of the network The "Blackbox" Motivations

Whats next?
Simulation

14

Dept. of Electronic Systems Aalborg University Denmark

Thank you for your attention!