Convention Between the United States of America and Other Powers, Relating to Prisoners of War; July 27, 1929

Convention between the United States of America and other powers, relating to prisoners of war. Signed at Geneva, July 2 , !"2"# ratification advised by the Senate, January , !"$2# ratified by the %resident, January !&, !"$2, ratification of the United States of America deposited with the Government of Swit'erland, (ebruary ), !"$2# proclaimed, August ), !"$2.

BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICAA PROCLAMATION

WHEREAS, a Convention Relating to the Treatment of Prisoners of War was signed by the respective Plenipotentiaries of the nited States of America and forty!si" other co#ntries, at $eneva on %#ly &', ()&) the original of which Convention in the *rench lang#age is word for word as follows+
Translation

CONVENTION OF JULY 27 !"2" RELATIVE TO THE TREATMENT OF PRISONERS OF #AR$

The President of the $erman Reich, the President of the nited States of America, the *ederal President of the Rep#blic of A#stria, His ,a-esty the .ing of the /elgians, the President of the Rep#blic of /olivia, the President of the Rep#blic of the nited States of /ra0il, His ,a-esty the .ing of $reat /ritain, 1reland, and the /ritish 2ominions beyond the Seas, Emperor of 1ndia, His ,a-esty the .ing of the /#lgarians, the President of the Rep#blic of Chile, the President of the Rep#blic of China, the President of the Rep#blic of Colombia, the President of the Rep#blic of C#ba, His ,a-esty the .ing of 2enmar3 and 1celand, the President of the 2ominican Rep#blic, His ,a-esty the .ing of Egypt, His ,a-esty the .ing of Spain, the President of the Rep#blic of Estonia, the President of the Rep#blic of *inland, the President of the *rench Rep#blic, the President of the Hellenic Rep#blic, His Serene Highness the Regent of H#ngary, His ,a-esty the .ing of 1taly, His ,a-esty the Emperor of %apan, the President of the Rep#blic of 4atvia, Her Royal Highness the $rand 2#chess of 4#"embo#rg,

the President of the nited States of ,e"ico, the President of the Rep#blic of 5icarag#a, His ,a-esty the .ing of 5orway, Her ,a-esty the 6#een of the 5etherlands, His 1mperial ,a-esty the Shah of Persia the President of the Rep#blic of Poland, the President of the Port#g#ese Rep#blic, His ,a-esty the .ing of R#mania, His ,a-esty the .ing of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, His ,a-esty the .ing of Siam, His ,a-esty the .ing of Sweden, the Swiss *ederal Co#ncil, the President of the C0echoslova3 Rep#blic, the President of the T#r3ish Rep#blic, the President of the 7riental Rep#blic of r#g#ay, 8and9 the President of the Rep#blic of the nited States of :ene0#ela, recogni0ing that, in the e"treme case of a war, it will be the d#ty of every Power to diminish, so far as possible the #navoidable rigors thereof an to mitigate the fate of prisoners of war; desiro#s of developing the principles which inspired the international conventions of The Hag#e, in partic#lar the Convention relative to the laws and c#stoms of war and the Reg#lations anne"ed thereto; have decided to concl#de a Convention to that end, and have appointed< the following as their plenipotentiaries, namely+ 8Here follows a list of Participants9

TITLE I$ %ENERAL PROVISIONS$ ARTICLE !$

The present Convention shall apply, witho#t pre-#dice to the stip#lations of Title :11+ To all persons mentioned in Articles (, & and = of the Reg#lations anne"ed to the Hag#e Convention respecting the laws and c#stoms of war on land, of 7ctober (>, ()?', and capt#red by the enemy< @(A &A To all persons belonging to the armed forces of belligerent parties, capt#red by the enemy in the co#rse of military operations at sea or in the air, e"cept for s#ch derogations as might be

rendered inevitable by the conditions of capt#re< However, s#ch derogations shall not infringe #pon the f#ndamental principles of the present Convention; they shall cease from the moment when the persons capt#red have re-oined a prisoners!of!war camp<

ARTICLE 2$
Prisoners of war are in the power of the hostile Power, b#t not of the individ#als or corps who have capt#red them< They m#st at all times be h#manely treated and protected, partic#larly against acts of violence, ins#lts and p#blic c#riosity< ,eas#res of reprisal against them are prohibited<

ARTICLE &
<
Prisoners of war have the right to have their person and their honor respected< Women shall be treated with all the regard d#e to their se"< Prisoners retain their f#ll civil stat#s<

ARTICLE '$
The Power detaining prisoners of war is bo#nd to provide for their maintenance< 2ifference in treatment among prisoners is lawf#l only when it is based on the military ran3, state of physical or mental health, professional B#alifications or se" of those who profit thereby<

TITLE II$ CAPTURE$ ARTICLE ($

Every prisoner of war is bo#nd to give, if he is B#estioned on the s#b-ect, his tr#e name and ran3, or else his regimental n#mber< 1f he infringes this r#le, he is liable to have the advantages given to prisoners of his class c#rtailed< 5o coercion may be #sed on prisoners to sec#re information C

to the condition of their army or co#ntry< Prisoners who ref#se to answer may not be threatened, ins#lted, or e"posed to #npleasant or disadvantageo#s treatment of any 3ind whatever< 1f, beca#se of his physical or mental condition, a prisoner is #nable to identify himself, he shall be t#rned over to the medical corps<

ARTICLE )$
All effects and ob-ects of personal #se e"cept arms, horses, military eB#ipment and military papers shall remain in the possession of prisoners of war, as well as metal helmets and gas mas3s< ,oney in the possession of prisoners may not be ta3en away from them e"cept by order of an officer and after the amo#nt is determined< A receipt shall be given< ,oney th#s ta3en away shall be entered to the amo#nt of each prisoner< 1dentification doc#ments, insignia of ran3, decorations and ob-ects of val#e may not be ta3en from prisoners<

TITLE III$ CAPTIVITY$ SECTION I$ EVACUATION OF PRISONERS OF #AR$ ARTICLE 7$

Prisoners of war shall be evac#ated within the shortest possible period after their capt#re, to spots located in a region far eno#gh from the 0one of combat for them to be o#t of danger< 7nly prisoners who, beca#se of wo#nds or sic3ness wo#ld r#n greater ris3s by being evac#ated than by remaining where they are may be temporarily 3ept in a dangero#s 0one< Prisoners shall not be needlessly e"posed to danger while awaiting their evac#ation from the combat 0one< Evac#ation of prisoners on foot may normally be effected only by stages of &? 3ilometers a day, #nless the necessity of reaching water and food depots reB#ires longer stages<

ARTICLE *$
/elligerents a"e bo#nd m#t#ally to notify each other of their capt#re of prisoners within the shortest period possible, thro#gh the intermediary of the information b#rea#s, s#ch as are organi0ed according to Article ''< They are li3ewise bo#nd to inform each other of the official addresses to which the correspondence of their families may be sent to prisoners of war< As soon as possible, every prisoner m#st be enabled to correspond with his family himself, #nder the conditions provided in Articles =D et seB< As regards prisoners capt#red at sea, the provisions of the present article shall be observed as soon as possible after arrival at port<

SECTION II$ PRISONERS+OF+#AR CAMPS$ ARTICLE "$

Prisoners of war may be interned in a town, fortress, or other place, and bo#nd not to go beyond certain fi"ed limits< They may also be interned in enclosed camps; they may not be confined or imprisoned e"cept as an indispensable meas#re of safety or sanitation, and only while the circ#mtances which necessitate the meas#re contin#e to e"ist< Prisoners capt#red in #nhealthf#l regions or where the climate is in-#rio#s for persons coming from temperate regions, shall be transported, as soon as possible, to a more favorable climate< /elligerents shall, so far as possible, avoid assembling in a single camp prisoners of different races or nationalities< 5o prisoner may, at any time, be sent into a region where he might be e"posed to the fire of the combat 0one, nor #sed to give protection from bombardment to certain points or certain regions by his presence<

CHAPTER !$ Installation o, Ca-.s$

ARTICLE !/$
Prisoners of war shall be lodged in b#ildings or in barrac3s affording all possible g#arantees of hygiene and healthf#lness< The B#arters m#st be f#lly protected from< dampness, s#fficiently heated and lighted< All preca#tions m#st be ta3en against danger of fire< With regard to dormitories the total s#rface, minim#m c#bic amo#nt of air, arrangement and material of bedding!the conditions shall be the same as for the troops at base camps of the detaining Power<

CHAPTER 2$ Foo0 an0 Clot1in2 o, Prison3rs o, #ar$ ARTICLE !!$

The food ration of prisoners of war shall be eB#al in B#antity and B#ality to that of troops at base camps< *#rthermore, prisoners shall receive facilities for preparing, themselves, additional food which thy might have< S#fficiency of potable water shall be f#rnished them< The #se of tobacco shall be permitted< Prisoners may be employed in the 3itchens< All collective disciplinary meas#res affecting the food are prohibited<

ARTICLE !2$
Clothing, linen and footwear shall be f#rnished prisoners of war by the detaining Power< Replacement and repairing of these effects m#st be ass#red reg#larly< 1n addition, laborers m#st receive wor3 clothes wherever the nat#re of the wor3 reB#ires it< Canteens shall be installed in all camps where prisoners may obtain, at the local mar3et price, food prod#cts and ordinary ob-ects<

Profits made by the canteens for camp administrations shall be #sed for the benefit of prisoners<

CHAPTER &$ Sanitar4 S3r5i63 in Ca-.s$ ARTICLE !&$

/elligerents shall< be bo#nd to ta3e all sanitary meas#res necessary to ass#re the cleanliness and healthf#lness of camps and to prevent epidemics< Prisoners of war shall have at their disposal, day and night, installations conforming to sanitary r#les and constantly maintained in a state of cleanliness< *#rthermore, and witho#t Pre-#dice to baths and showers of which the camp shall be as well provided as possible, prisoners shall be f#rnished a s#fficient B#antity of water for the care of their own bodily cleanliness< 1t shall be possible for them to ta3e physical e"ercise and en-oy the open air<

ARTICLE !'$
Every camp shall have an infirmary, where prisoners of war shall receive every 3ind of attention they need< 1f necessary, isolated B#arters shall be reserved for the sic3 affected with contagio#s diseases< E"penses of treatment, incl#ding therein those of temporary prosthetic eB#ipment, shall become by the detaining Power< pon reB#est, belligerents shall be bo#nd to deliver to every prisoner treated an official statement showing the nat#re and d#ration of his illness as well as the attention received< 1t shall be lawf#l for belligerents reciprocally to a#thori0e, by means of private arrangements the retention in the camps of physicians and attendants to care for prisoners of their own co#ntry< Prisoners affected< with a serio#s illness or whose condition

necessitates an important s#rgical operation, m#st be admitted, at the e"pense of the detaining Power, to any military or civil medical #nit B#alified to treat them<

ARTICLE !($
,edical inspections of prisoners of war shall be arranged at least once a month< Their p#rpose shall be the s#pervision of the general state of health and cleanliness, and the detection of contagio#s diseases, partic#larly t#berc#losis and venereal diseases<

CHAPTER '$ Int3ll36t7al an0 Moral N330s o, Prison3rs o, #ar$ ARTICLE !)

Prisoners of war shall en-oy complete liberty in the e"ercise of their religion, incl#ding attendance at the services of their faith, on the sole condition that they comply with the meas#res of order and police iss#ed by the military a#thorities< ,inisters of a religion, prisoners of war, whatever their denomination, shall be allowed to minister f#lly to members of the same religion<

ARTICLE !7$
So far as possible belligerents shall enco#rage intellect#al diversions and sports organi0ed by prisoners of war<

CHAPTER ($ Int3rnal Dis6i.lin3 o, Ca-.s$ ARTICLE !*$

Every camp of prisoners of war shall be placed #nder the command of a responsible officer< /esides the e"ternal mar3s of respect provided by the reg#lations in force in their armies with regard to their nationals prisoners of war m#st sal#te all officers of the detaining Power<

7fficers who are prisoners of war are bo#nd to sal#te only officers of a higher or eB#al ran3 of that Power<

ARTICLE !"$
The wearing of insignia of ran3 and of decorations shall be permitted<

ARTICLE 2/$
Reg#lations, orders, notices and proclamations of every 3ind m#st be comm#nicated to prisoners of war in a lang#age which they #nderstand< The same principle shall be applied in e"aminations<

CHAPTER )$ S.36ial Pro5isions R32ar0in2 O,,i63rs an0 P3rsons o, E87i5al3nt stat7s$ ARTICLE 2!$
pon the beginning of hostilities, belligerents shall be bo#nd to comm#nicate to one another the titles and ran3s in #se in their respective armies, with a view to ass#ring eB#ality of treatment between corresponding ran3s of officers and persons of eB#ivalent stat#s< 7fficers and persons of eB#ivalent stat#s who are prisoners of war shall be treated with the regard d#e their ran3 and age<

ARTICLE 22$
1n order to ass#re service in officersE camps, soldiers of the same army who are prisoners of war and, wherever possible, who spea3 the same lang#age, shall be assigned thereto, in s#fficient n#mbers, considering the ran3 of the officers and persons of eB#ivalent stat#s< The latter shall sec#re their food and clothing from the pay which shall be granted them by the detaining Power< Administration of the mess!f#nd by the officers themselves m#st be facilitated in every way<

CHAPTER 7$ Finan6ial R3so7r63s o, Prison3rs o, #ar$ ARTICLE 2&$

S#b-ect to private arrangements between belligerent Powers, and partic#larly those provided in Article &F, officers and persons of eB#ivalent stat#s who are prisoners of war shall receive from the detaining Power the same pay as officers of corresponding ran3 in the armies of that Power, on the condition, however, that this pay does not e"ceed that to which they are entitled in the armies of the co#ntry which they have Served< This pay shall be granted them in f#ll, once a month if possible, and witho#t being liable to any ded#ction for e"penses inc#mbent on the detaining Power, even when they are in favor of the prisoners< An agreement between the belligerents shall fi" the rate of e"change applicable to this payment; in the absence of s#ch an agreement, the rate adopted shall< be that in force at the opening of hostilities< All payments made to prisoners of war as pay m#st be reimb#rsed, at the end of hostilities, by the Power which they have served<

ARTICLE 2'$
pon the o#tbrea3 of hostilities, the belligerents shall, by common agreement, fi" the ma"im#m amo#nt of ready money which prisoners of war of vario#s ran3s and classes shall be allowed to 3eep in their possession< Any s#rpl#s ta3en or withheld from a prisoner shall be entered to his acco#nt, the same as any deposit of money effected by him, and may not be converted into another c#rrency witho#t his consent< Pay to the credit of their acco#nts shall be given to prisoner<, of war at the end of their captivity< 2#ring their imprisonment, facilities shall be granted them for the transfer of these amo#nts, in whole or in part, to ban3s or private persons in their co#ntry of origin<

CHAPTER *$ Trans,3r o, Prison3rs o, #ar$ ARTICLE 2($

nless the cond#ct of military operation so reB#ires, sic3 and wo#nded prisoners of war shall, not be transferred as long as their recovery might be endangered by the trip<

ARTICLE 2)$
1n case of transfer, prisoners of war shall be officially notified of their new destination in advance; they shall, be allowed to ta3e with them their personal effects, their correspondence and ! pac3ages which have arrived for them< All d#e meas#res shall be ta3en that Correspondence and pac3ages addressed to their former camp may be forwarded to them witho#t delay< ,oney deposited to the acco#nt 7f transferred prisoners shall be transmitted to the competent a#thority of their new place of residence< The e"penses occasioned by the transfer shall be charged to the detaining Power<

SECTION III$ LABOR OF PRISONERS OF #AR$ CHAPTER !$ %3n3raliti3s$ ARTICLE 27$

/elligerents ,ay tili0e the labor of able prisoners of war, according to their ran3 and aptit#de, officers and persons of eB#ivalent stat#s e"cepted< However, if officers or persons of eB#ivalent stat#s reB#est s#itable wor3, it shall be sec#red for them so far as is possible, 5oncommissioned officers who are prisoners of war shall only be reB#ired to do s#pervisory wor3, #nless they e"pressly reB#est a rem#nerative occ#pation<

/elligerents shall be bo#nd, d#ring the whole period of captivity, to allow to prisoners of war who are victims of accidents in connectionE with their wor3 the en-oyment of the benefit of the provisions applicable to laborers of the same class according to the legislation of the detaining Power< With regard to prisoners of war to whom these legal provisions might not be applied by reason of the legislation of that Power, the latter #nderta3es to recommend to its legislative body all proper meas#res eB#itably to indemnify the victims<

CHAPTER 2$ Or2ani9ation o, t13 La:or$ ARTICLE 2*$

The detaining Power shall ass#me entire responsibility for the maintenance, care, treatment and payment of wages of prisoners of war wor3ing for the acco#nt of private persons<

ARTICLE 2"$
5o prisoner of war may be employed at labors for which he is physically #nfit<

ARTICLE &/$
The length of the dayEs wor3 of prisoners of war, incl#ding therein the trip going and ret#rning, shall not be e"cessive and m#st not, in any case, e"ceed that allowed for the civil wor3ers in the region employed at the same wor3< Every prisoner shall be allowed a rest of twenty!fo#r consec#tive ho#rs every wee3, preferably on S#nday<

CHAPTER &$ Pro1i:it30 la:or$ ARTICLE &!$

4abor f#rnished by prisoners of war shall have no direct relation with war operations< 1t is especially prohibited to #se prisoners for man#fact#ring and transporting arms or m#nitions of any 3ind or for transporting material intended for combatant #nits< 1n case of violation of the provisions of the preceding

paragraph, prisoners, after e"ec#ting or beginning to e"ec#te the order, shall be free to have their protests presented thro#gh the mediation of the agents whose f#nctions are set forth in Articles F= and FF, or, in the absence of an agent, thro#gh the mediation of representatives of the protecting Power<

ARTICLE &2$
1t is forbidden to #se prisoners of war at #nhealthf#l or dangero#s wor3< Any aggravation of the conditions of labor by disciplinary meas#res is forbidden<

CHAPTER '$ La:or D3ta61-3nts ARTICLE &&$

The system of labor detachments m#st be similar to that of prisoners!of!war camps, partic#larly; with regard to sanitary conditions, food, attention in case of accident or sic3ness, correspondence and the receipt of pac3ages< Every labor detachment shall be dependent on a prisonersE camp< The commander of this camp shall be responsible for the observation, in the labor detachment, of the provisions of the present Convention<

CHAPTER ($ #A%ES$ ARTICLE &'$

Prisoners of war shall not receive wages for wor3 connected with the administration, management and maintenance of the camps< Prisoners #tili0ed for other wor3 shall be entitled to wages to be fi"ed by agreements between the belligerents< These agreements shall also specify the part which the camp administration may retain, the amo#nt which shall belong to the prisoner of war and the manner in that amo#nt shall be p#t at his

disposal d#ring the period of his captivity< While awaiting the concl#sion of the said agreements, payment for labor of prisoners shall be settled according to the r#les given below+ aA Wor3 done for the State shall be paid for in accordance with the rates in force for soldiers< of the national army doing the same wor3, or, if none e"ists, ac cording to a rate in harmony with the wor3 performed< bA When the wor3 is done for the acco#nt of other p#blic administrations or for private persons, conditions shall be reg#lated by agreement with the military a#thority< The pay remaining to the credit of the prisoner shall be delivered to him at the end of his captivity< 1n case of death,! it shall be forwarded thro#gh the diplomatic channel to the heirs of the deceased<

SECTION IV$ E;TERNAL RELATIONS OF PRISONERS OF #AR$ ARTICLE &($

pon the o#tbrea3 of hostilities, belligerents shall p#blish the meas#res provided for the e"ec#tion of the provisions of this section<

ARTICLE &)$
Each of the belligerents shall periodically determine the n#mber of letters and postal cards per month which prisoners of war of the vario#s classes shall be allowed to send, and shall inform the other belligerent of this n#mber< These letters and cards shall be transmitted by post by the shortest ro#te< They may not be delayed or retained for disciplinary reasons< Within a period of not more than one wee3 after his arrival at the camp, and li3ewise in case of sic3ness, every prisoner shall be enabled to write his family a postal card informing it of his capt#re and of the state of his health< The said postal cards shall be forwarded as rapidly as possible and may not be delayed in any

manner< As a general r#le, correspondence of prisoners shall be written in their native lang#age< /elligerents may allow correspondence in other lang#ages<

ARTICLE &7$
Prisoners of war shall be allowed individ#ally to receive parcels by mail, containing foods and other articles intended to s#pply them with food or clothing< Pac3ages shall be delivered to the addressees and a receipt given<

ARTICLE &*$
4etters and consignments of money or val#ables, as well as parcels by post intended for prisoners of war or dispatched by them, either directly, or by the mediation of the information b#rea#s provided for in Article '', shall be e"empt from all postal d#ties in the co#ntries of origin and destination, as well as in the co#ntries they pass thro#gh< Presents and relief in 3ind for prisoners shall be li3ewise e"empt from all import and other d#ties, its well as of payments for carriage by the State railways< Prisoners may, in cases of ac3nowledged #rgency, be allowed to send telegrams, paying the #s#al charges<

ARTICLE &"$
Prisoners of war shall be allowed to receive shipments of boo3s individ#ally, which may be s#b-ect to censorship< Representatives of the protecting Powers and d#ly recogni0ed and a#thori0ed aid societies may send boo3s and collections of boo3s to the libraries of prisonersE camps< The transmission of these shipments to libraries may not be delayed #nder the prete"t of censorship diffic#lties<

ARTICLE '/$
Censorship of correspondence m#st be effected within the

shortest possible time< *#rthermore, inspection of parcels post m#st be effected #nder proper conditions to g#arantee the preservation of the prod#cts which they may contain and, if possible, in the presence of the addressee or an agent d#ly recogni0ed by him< Prohibitions of correspondence prom#lgated by the belligerents for military or political reasons, m#st be transient in character and as short as possible<

ARTICLE '!$
/elligerents shall ass#re all facilities for the transmission of instr#ments, papers or doc#ments intended for prisoners of war or signed by them, partic#larly of powers of attorney and wills< They shall ta3e the necessary meas#res to ass#re, in case of necessity, the a#thentication of signat#res made by prisoners<

SECTION V$ PRISONERS< RELATIONS #ITH THE AUTHORITIES$ CHAPTER !$ Co-.laints o, Prison3rs o, #ar :36a7s3 o, t13 Con0itions o, Ca.ti5it4$ ARTICLE '2$
Prisoners of war shall have the right to inform the military a#thorities in whose power they are of their reB#ests with regard to the conditions of captivity to which they are s#b-ected< They shall also have the right to address themselves to representatives of the protecting Powers to indicate to them the points on which they have complaints to form#late with regard to the conditions of captivity< These reB#ests and complaints m#st be transmitted immediately< Even if they am recogni0ed to be #nfo#nded, they may not occasion any p#nishment<

CHAPTER 2$ R3.r3s3ntati53s o, Prison3rs o, #ar$ ARTICLE '&$

1n every place where there are prisoners of war, they shall be a allowed to appoint agents entr#sted with representing them directly with military a#thorities and protecting Powers< This appointment shall be s#b-ect to the approval of the military a#thority< The agents shall be entr#sted with the reception and distrib#tion of collective shipments< 4i3ewise, in case the prisoners sho#ld decide to organi0e a m#t#al assistance system among themselves, this organi0ation wo#ld be in the sphere of the agents< *#rther, they may lend their offices to prisoners to facilitate their relations with the aid societies mentioned in Article '>< 1n camps of officers and persons of eB#ivalent stat#s, the senior officer prisoner of the highest ran3 shall be recogni0ed as intermediary between the camp a#thorities and the officers and persons of eB#ivalent stat#s who are prisoners< *or this p#rpose, he shall have the power to appoint a prisoner officer to assist him as an interpreter d#ring the conferences with the camp a#thorities<

ARTICLE ''$
When the agents are employed as laborers, their activity as representatives of prisoners of war m#st be co#nted m the comp#lsory period of labor< All facilities shall be accorded the agents for their interco#rse with the military a#thorities and with the protecting Power< This interco#rse shall not be limited< 5o representative of the prisoners may be transferred witho#t the necessary time being allowed him to inform his s#ccessors abo#t affairs #nder consideration<

CHAPTER &$ P3nalti3s A..li6a:l3 to Prison3rs o, #ar$

!$ %ENERAL PROVISIONS$ ARTICLE '($

Prisoners of war shall be s#b-ect to the laws, reg#lations, and orders in force in the armies of the detaining Power< An act of ins#bordination shall -#stify the adoption towards them of the meas#res provided by s#ch laws, reg#lations and orders< The provisions of the present chapter, however, are reserved<

ARTICLE ')$
P#nishments other than those provided for the same acts for soldiers of the national armies may not be imposed #pon prisoners of war by the military a#thorities and co#rts of the detaining Power< Ran3 being identical, officers, noncommissioned officers or soldiers who are prisoners of war #ndergoing a disciplinary p#nishment, shall not be s#b-ect to less favorable treatment than that provided in the armies of the detaining Power with regard to the same p#nishment< Any corporal p#nishment, any imprisonment in B#arters witho#t daylight and, in general, any form of cr#elty, is forbidden< Collective p#nishment for individ#al acts is also forbidden<

ARTICLE '7$
Acts constit#ting an offense against discipline, and partic#larly attempted escape, shall be verified immediately; for all prisoners of war, commissioned or not, preventive arrest shall be red#ced to the absol#te minim#m< %#dicial proceedings against prisoners of war shall be cond#cted as rapidly as the circ#mstances permit; preventive imprisonment shall be limited as m#ch as possible< 1n all cases, the d#ration of preventive imprisonment shall be ded#cted from the disciplinary or -#dicial p#nishment inflicted,

provided that this ded#ction is allowed for national soldiers<

ARTICLE '*$
Prisoners of war may not be treated differently from other prisoners after having s#ffered the -#dicial or disciplinary p#nishment which has been imposed on them< However, prisoners p#nished as a res#lt of attempted escape may be s#b-ected to special s#rveillance, which, however, may not entail the s#ppression of the g#arantees granted prisoners by the present Convention<

ARTICLE '"$
5o prisoner of war may be deprived of his ran3 by the detaining Power< Prisoners given disciplinary p#nishment may not be deprived of the prerogatives attached to their ran3< 1n partic#lar, officers and persons of eB#ivalent stat#s who s#ffer p#nishment involving deprivation of liberty shall not be placed in< the same B#arters as noncommissioned officers or privates being p#nished<

ARTICLE (/$
Escaped prisoners of war who are reta3en before being able to re-oin their own army or to leave the territory occ#pied by the army which capt#red them shall be liable only to disciplinary p#nishment< Prisoners who, after having s#cceeded in re-oining their army or in leaving the territory occ#pied by the army which capt#red them, may again be ta3en prisoners, shall not be liable to any p#nishment on acco#nt of their previo#s flight<

ARTICLE (!$
Attempted escape, even if it is a repetition of the offense, shall not be considered as an aggravating circ#mstance in case the prisoner of war sho#ld be given over to the co#rts on acco#nt of crimes or offenses against persons or property committed in the co#rse of that attempt<

After an attempted or accomplished escape, the comrades of the person escaping who assisted in the escape, may inc#r only disciplinary p#nishment on this acco#nt<

ARTICLE (2$
/elligerents shall see that the competent a#thorities e"ercise the greatest leniency in deciding the B#estion of whether an infraction committed by a prisoner of war sho#ld be p#nished by disciplinary or -#dicial meas#res< This shall be the case especially when it is a B#estion of deciding on acts in connection with escape or attempted escape< A prisoner may not be p#nished more than once beca#se of the same act or the same co#nt<

ARTICLE (&$
5o prisoner of war on whom a disciplinary p#nishment has been imposed, who might be eligible for repatriation, maybe 3ept bac3 beca#se he has not #ndergone the p#nishment< Prisoners to be repatriated who might be threatened with a penal prosec#tion may be e"cl#ded from repatriation< #ntil the end of the proceedings and, if necessary, #ntil the completion of the p#nishment; those who might already be imprisoned by reason of a sentence may be detained #ntil the end of their imprisonment< /elligerents shall comm#nicate to each other the lists of those who may not be repatriated for the reasons given in the preceding paragraph<

2$ DISCIPLINARY PUNISHMENTS$ ARTICLE ('$

Arrest is the most severe disciplinary p#nishment which may be imposed on a prisoner of war< The d#ration of a single p#nishment may not e"ceed thirty days<

This ma"im#m of thirty days may not, f#rther, be e"ceeded in the case of several acts for which the prisoner has to #ndergo discipline at the time when it is ordered for him, whether or not these acts are connected< When, d#ring or after the end of a period of arrest, a prisoner shall have a< new disciplinary p#nishment imposed #pon him, a space of at least three days shall separate each of the periods of arrest, if one of them is ten days or more<

ARTICLE (($
S#b-ect to the provisions given in the last paragraph of Article ((, food restrictions allowed in the armies of the detaining Power are applicable, as an increase in p#nishment, to prisoners of war given disciplinary p#nishment< However, these restrictions may be ordered only< if the state of health of the prisoners p#nished permits it<

ARTICLE ()$
1n no case may prisoners of war be transferred to penitentiary establishments @prisons, penitentiaries, convict prisons, etc<A there to #ndergo disciplinary p#nishment< The B#arters in which they #ndergo disciplinary p#nishment shall conform to sanitary reB#irements< Prisoners p#nished shall be enabled to 3eep themselves in a state of cleanliness< These prisoners shall every dg be allowed to e"ercise or to stay m the open air at least two ho#rs<

ARTICLE (7$
Prisoners of war given disciplinary p#nishment shall be allowed to read and write, as well as to send and receive letters< 7n the other hand, pac3ages and money sent may be not delivered to the addressees #ntil the e"piration of the p#nishment< 1f the pac3ages not distrib#ted contain perishable prod#cts, these

shall be t#rned over to the camp infirmary or 3itchen<

ARTICLE (*$
Prisoners of war given disciplinary p#nishment shall be allowed, on their reB#est, to be present at the daily medical inspection< They shall receive the care considered necessary by the doctors and, if necessary, shall be removed to the camp infirmary or to hospitals<

ARTICLE ("$
E"cepting the competence of co#rts and higher military a#thorities, disciplinary p#nishment may be ordered only by an officer provided with disciplinary powers in his capacity as commander of a camp or detachment, or by the responsible officer replacing him<

&$ JUDICIAL SUITS$ ARTICLE )/$

At the opening of a -#dicial proceeding directed against a prisoner of war, the detaining Power shall advise the representative of the protecting Power thereof as soon as possible, and always before the date set for the opening of the trial< This advice shall contain the< following information+ aA Civil state and ran3 of prisoner; bA Place of so-o#rn or imprisonment; cA Specification of the 8co#nt9 or co#nts of the indictment, giving the legal provisions applicable< 1f it is not possible to mention in that advice the co#rt which will pass #pon the matter, the date of opening the trial and the place where it will ta3e place this information m#st be f#rnished to the representative of the protecting Power later, as soon as possible, and at all< events, at least three wee3s before the opening of the trial<

ARTICLE )!$
5o prisoner of war may be sentenced witho#t having had an opport#nity to defend himself< 5o prisoner may be obliged to admit himself g#ilty of the act of which he is acc#sed<

ARTICLE )2$
The prisoner of war shall be entitled to assistance by a B#alified co#nsel of his choice, and, if necessary, to have reco#rse to the services of a competent interpreter< He shall be advised of his right by the detaining Power, in d#e time before the trial< 1n defa#lt of a choice by the prisoner, the protecting Power may obtain a co#nsel for him< The detaining Power shall deliver to the protecting Power, on its reB#est, a list of persons B#alified to present the defense< Representatives of the protecting Power shall be entitled to attend the trial of the case< The only e"ception to this r#le is the case where the trial of the case m#st be secret in the interest of the safety of the State< The detaining Power sho#ld so advise the protecting Power<

ARTICLE )&$
Sentence may be prono#nced against a prisoner of war only by the same co#rts and according to the same proced#re as in the case of persons belonging to the armed forces of the detaining Power<

ARTICLE )'$
Every prisoner of war shall have tile right of appeal against any sentence rendered with regard to him, in the same way as individ#als belonging to the armed forces of the detaining Power<

ARTICLE )($

Sentences prono#nced against prisoners of war shall be comm#nicated to the protecting Power immediately<

ARTICLE ))$
1f the death penalty is prono#nced against a prisoner of war, a comm#nication setting forth in detail the nat#re and circ#mstances of the offense shall be sent as soon as possible to the representative of the protecting Power, for transmission to the Power in whose armies the prisoner served< The sentence shall not be e"ec#ted before the e"piration of a period of at least three months after this comm#nication<

ARTICLE )7$
5o prisoner of war may be deprived of the benefit of the provisions of Article F& of the present Convention as a res#lt of a sentence or otherwise<

TITLE IV$ TERMINATION OF CAPTIVITY$ SECTION !$ DIRECT REPATRIATION AND HOSPITALI=ATION IN A NEUTRAL COUNTRY$ ARTICLE )*$
/elligerents are bo#nd to send, bac3 to their own co#ntry, regardless of ran3 or n#mber, serio#sly sic3 and serio#sly in-#red prisoners of war, after having bro#ght them to a condition where they can be transported< Agreements between belligerents shall accordingly settle as soon as possible the cases of invalidity or of sic3ness, entailing direct repatriation, as well as the cases entailing possible hospitali0ation in a ne#tral co#ntry< While awaiting the concl#sion of these agreements, belligerents may have reference to the model agreement anne"ed, for doc#mentary p#rposes, to the present Convention<

ARTICLE )"$

pon the o#tbrea3 of hostilities, belligerents shall come to an agreement to name mi"ed medical commissions< These commissions shall be composed of three members, two of them belonging to a ne#tral co#ntry and one appointed by the detaining Power; one of the physicians of the ne#tral co#ntry shall preside< These mi"ed medical commissions shall proceed to the e"amination of sic3 or wo#nded prisoners and shall ma3e all d#e decisions regarding them< 2ecisions of these commissions shall he by ma-ority and carried o#t with the least possible delay<

ARTICLE 7/$
/esides those who are designated by the camp physician, the following prisoners of war shall be inspected by the mi"ed medical Commission mentioned in Article D), with a view to their direct repatriation or their hospitali0ation in a ne#tral co#ntry+ aA Prisoners who ma3e s#ch a reB#est directly of the camp physician; bA Prisoners who are presented by the agents provided for in Article F=, acting on their own initiative or at the reB#est of the prisoners themselves; cA Prisoners who have been proposed by the Power in whose armies they have served or by an aid society d#ly recogni0ed and a#thori0ed by that Power<

ARTICLE 7!$
Prisoners of war who are victims of accidents in connection with wor3, e"cept those vol#ntarily in-#red, shall en-oy< the benefit of the same provisions, as far as repatriation or possible hospitali0ation in a ne#tral co#ntry are concerned<

ARTICLE 72$
Thro#gho#t the d#ration of hostilities and for h#mane considerations, belligerents may concl#de agreements with a view to the direct repatriation or hospitali0ation in a ne#tral co#ntry of able!bodied prisoners of war who have #ndergone a long period of

captivity<

ARTICLE 7&$
The e"penses of repatriation or of transportation to a ne#tral co#ntry of prisoners of war shall be borne, from the frontiers of the detaining Power, by the Power in whose armies the prisoners< have served<

ARTICLE 7'$
5o repatriated person may be #tili0ed in active military service<

SECTION II$ RELEASE AND REPATRIATION UPON CESSATION OF HOSTILITIES$ ARTICLE 7($
When belligerents concl#de a t convention of armistice, they h m#st, in principle, have appear therein stip#lations regarding the repatriation of prisoners of war< 1f it has not been possible to insert stip#lations in this regard in s#ch convention, belligerents shall nevertheless come to an agreement in this regard as soon as possible< 1n any case, repatriation of prisoners shall be effected with the least possible delay after the concl#sion of peace< Prisoners of war against whom a penal prosec#tion might be pending for a crime or an offense t of m#nicipal law may, however, be detained #ntil the end of the proceedings and, if necessary, #ntil the e"piration of the p#nishment< The same shall be tr#e of those sentenced for a crime or offense of m#nicipal law< 7n agreement between the belligerents, commissions may be established for the p#rpose of searching for dispersed prisoners and ass#ring their repatriation<

TITLE V$ DEATH OF PRISONERS OF #AR$ ARTICLE 7)$

Wills of prisoners of war shall be received and drawn #p in the same way as for soldiers of the national army<

The same r#les shall be observed regarding death certificates< /elligerents shall see that prisoners of war dying in captivity are honorably b#ried and that the graves bear all d#e information, are respected and properly maintained<

TITLE VI$ BUREAUS OF RELIEF AND INFORMATION CONCERNIN% PRISONERS OF #AR$ ARTICLE 77$
pon the o#tbrea3 of hostilities, each of the belligerent Powers, as well as the ne#tral Powers which have received belligerents, shall instit#te an official information b#rea# for prisoners of war who are within their territory< Within the shortest possible period, each of the belligerent Powers shall inform its information b#rea# of every capt#re of prisoners effected by its armies, giving it all the information regarding identity which it has, allowing it B#ic3ly to advise the families concerned, and informing it of the official addresses to which families may write to prisoners< The information b#rea# shall immediately forward all this information to the interested Powers, thro#gh the intervention, on one hand, of the protecting Powers and, on the other, of the central agency provided for in Article ')< The information b#rea#, being charged with replying to all inB#iries abo#t of war, shall receive from the vario#s services concerned f#ll information respecting interments, and transfers, releases on parole, repatriations, escapes, stays in hospitals, deaths, as well as other information necessary to enable it to ma3e o#t and 3eep #p to date an individ#al ret#rn for each prisoner of war< The b#rea# shall state in this ret#rn, in so far as is possible and s#b-ect to the provisions of Article G+ the regimental n#mber, given names and s#rname, date and place of birth, ran3 and #nit of the interested party, the given name of the father and the name of the mother, the address of the person to be advised in case of accident, wo#nds, date and place of capt#re, internment,

wo#nding, and death, as well as any other important information< Wee3ly lists containing all new information li3ely to facilitate the identification o each prisoner shall be transmitted to the interested Powers< At the concl#sion of peace the individ#al ret#rn of the prisoner of war shall be delivered to the Power which he served< The information b#rea# shall t f#rther be bo#nd to receive all ob-ects of personal #se, val#ables, letters, pay vo#chers, identification mar3s, etc<, which are left by prisoners of war who have been repatriated, released on parole, escaped or died, and to transmit them to the co#ntries interested<

ARTICLE 7*$
Relief societies for prisoners of war, which are properly constit#ted in accordance with the laws of their co#ntry and with the ob-ect of serving as the channel for charitable effort, shall receive from the belligerents, for themselves and their d#ly accredited agents, every facility for the efficient performance of their h#mane tas3 within the bo#nds imposed by military necessities< Agents of these societies may be admitted to the camps for the p#rpose of distrib#ting relief, as also to the halting places of repatriated prisoners, if f#rnished with a personal permit by the military a#thorities, and on giving an #nderta3ing in writing to comply with all meas#res of order and police which the latter may iss#e<

ARTICLE 7"$
A central information agency for prisoners of war shall be created in a ne#tral co#ntry< The 1nternational Committee of the Red Cross shall propose the organi0ation of s#ch an agency to the interested Powers, if it considers it necessary< The f#nction of that agency shall be to centrali0e all information respecting prisoners, which it may obtain thro#gh official or private channels; it shall transmit it as B#ic3ly as possible to the co#ntry of origin of the prisoners or to the Power which they have served<

These provisions m#st not be interpreted as restricting the h#manitarian activity of the 1nternational Committee of the Red Cross<

ARTICLE */$
1nformation b#rea#s shall en-oy the privilege of free postage on postal matter, as well as all e"emptions provided in Article =><

TITLE VII$ APPLICATION OF THE CONVENTION TO CERTAIN CLASSES OF CIVILIANS$ ARTICLE *!$
1ndivid#als who follow armed forces witho#t directly belonging thereto, s#ch as newspaper correspondents and reporters, s#tlers, contractors, who fall into the enemyEs hands and whom the latter thin3 e"pedient to detain, shall be entitled to be treated as prisoners of war, provided they are in possession of a certificate from the military a#thorities of the armed forces which they were accompanying<

TITLE VIII$ E;ECUTION OF THE CONVENTION$ SECTION I$ %ENERAL PROVISIONS$ ARTICLE *2$
The provisions of the present Convention m#st be respected by the High Contracting Parties #nder all circ#mstances< 1n case, in time of war, one of the belligerents is not a party to the Convention, its provisions shall nevertheless remain in force as between the belligerents who are parties thereto<

ARTICLE *&$
The High Contracting Parties reserve the right to concl#de special convention!, on all B#estions relative to prisoners of war, on which it seems to them e"pedient to have partic#lar reg#lations<

Prisoners of war shall receive the benefit of these agreements #ntil the completion of repatriation, e"cept in the case of e"press stip#lations to the contrary contained in the above!mentioned agreements or in later agreements, or also e"cept in the case of more favorable meas#res ta3en by one or the other of the belligerent Powers respecting the prisoners which they hold< 1n order to ass#re the reciprocal application of the stip#lations of the present Convention, and to facilitate the concl#sion of the special conventions provided for above, belligerents may, #pon the commencement of hostilities, a#thori0e meetings of representatives of the respective a#thorities charged with the administration of prisoners of war<

ARTICLE *'$
The te"t of the present Convention and of the special conventions provided for in the foregoing article, shall be posted, wherever possible in the native lang#age of the prisoners of war, in places where it may be cons#lted by all the prisoners< The te"t of these conventions shall be comm#nicated to prisoners who find it impossible to get the information from the posted te"t, #pon their reB#est<

ARTICLE *($
The High Contracting Parties shall comm#nicate to one another thro#gh the Swiss *ederal Co#ncil, the official translations of the present Convention as well as of the laws and reg#lations which they may come to adopt to ass#re the application of the present Convention<

SECTION II$ OR%ANI=ATION OF CONTROL$ ARTICLE *)$

The High Contracting Parties recogni0e that the reg#lar application of the present Convention will find a g#aranty in the possibility of collaboration of the protecting Powers charged with safeg#arding the interests of belligerents; in this respect, the protecting Powers may, besides their diplomatic personnel, appoint

delegates from among their own nationals or from among the nationals of other ne#tral Powers< These delegates m#st be s#b-ect to the approval of the belligerent near which they e"ercise their mission< Representatives of the protecting Power or its accepted delegates shall be permitted to go to any place, witho#t e"ception, where prisoners of war are interned< They shall have access to all places occ#pied by prisoners and may interview them, as a general r#le witho#t witnesses, personally or thro#gh interpreters< /elligerents shall so far as possible facilitate the tas3 of representatives or accepted delegates of the protecting Power< The military a#thorities shall be informed of their visit< /elligerents may come to an agreement to allow persons of the same nationality as the prisoners to be permitted to ta3e part in inspection trips<

ARTICLE *7$
1n case of disagreement between the belligerents as to the application of the provisions of the present Convention, the protecting Powers m#st, in so far as possible, lend their good offices for the p#rpose of settling the difference< *or this p#rpose, each of the protecting Powers may, in partic#lar, s#ggest to the interested belligerents a meeting of representatives thereof, possibly #pon a ne#tral territory s#itably chosen< /elligerents shall be bo#nd to accede proposals in this sense which are made to them< The protecting Power may, if occasion arises, s#bmit for the approval of the Powers concerned a person belonging to a ne#tral Power or a person delegated by the 1nternational Committee of the Red Cross, who shall be s#mmoned to ta3e part in this meeting<

ARTICLE **$
The foregoing provisions are not an obstacle to the h#manitarian activity which the 1nternational Committee of the Red Cross may #se for the protection of prisoners of war, with the consent of the interested belligerents<

SECTION III$ FINAL PROVISIONS$

ARTICLE *"$
1n the relations between Powers bo#nd by the Hag#e Convention respecting the 4aws and C#stoms of War on 4and, whether it is a B#estion of that of %#ly &), (>)), or that of 7ctober (>, ()?', and who participate in the present Convention, this latter shall complete Chapter (( of the Reg#lations anne"ed to the said Hag#e Conventions<

ARTICLE "/$
The present Convention, which will bear this dayEs date, may be signed #p to *ebr#ary (, ()=?, on behalf of all the co#ntries represented at the Conference which opened at $eneva %#ly (, ()&)<

ARTICLE "!$
The present Convention shall be ratified as soon as possible< The ratifications shall be deposited at /erne< A record of the deposit of each instr#ment of ratification shall be prepared, a d#ly certified copy of which shall be forwarded by the Swiss *ederal Co#ncil to the $overnments of all the co#ntries on whose behalf the Convention has been signed or notification of adherence made<

ARTICLE "2$
The present Convention shall become effective si" months after the deposit of at least two instr#ments of ratification< S#bseB#ently, it shall become effective for each High Contracting Party si" months after the deposit of its instr#ment of ratification<

ARTICLE "&$
*rom the date on which it becomes effective, the present Convention shall be open for adherences given on behalf of any co#ntry in whose name this Convention was not signed<

ARTICLE "'$
Adherence shall be given by written notification addressed to the Swiss *ederal Co#ncil and shall ta3e effect si" months after the date of their receipt< The Swiss *ederal Co#ncil shall comm#nicate adherences to the $overnment of all the co#ntries on whose behalf the Convention was signed or notification of adherence made<

ARTICLE "($
A state of war shall give immediate effect to ratifications deposited and to adherences; notified by belligerent Powers prior to or after the o#tbrea3 of hostilities< The comm#nication of ratifications or adherences received from Powers at war shall be made by the Swiss *ederal Co#ncil by the most rapid method<

ARTICLE ")$
Each of the High Contracting Parties shall have the right to deno#nce the present Convention< The den#nciation shall not ta3e effect #ntil one year after notification has been made in writing to the Swiss *ederal Co#ncil< The latter shall comm#nicate s#ch notification to the $overnments of all the High Contracting Parties< The den#nciation shall have effect only with respect to the High Contracting Party which gave notification thereof< ,oreover, s#ch den#nciation shall not ta3e effect d#ring a war in which the deno#ncing Power is involved< 1n this case, the present Convention shall contin#e, in effect, beyond the period of one year, #ntil the concl#sion of peace, and, in any event, #ntil the processes of repatriation a"e completed<

ARTICLE "7$
A d#ly certified copy of the present Convention shall be deposited in the archives of the 4eag#e of 5ations by the Swiss *ederal Co#ncil< 4i3ewise, ratifications, adherences, and den#nciations of which the Swiss *ederal Co#ncil shall be notified, shall be comm#nicated by it to the 4eag#e of 5ations<

15 *A1TH WHERE7*, the Plenipotentiaries named above have signed the present Convention< 275E at $eneva, the twenty!seventh of %#ly, one tho#sand nine h#ndred and twenty!nine, in a single copy, which shall remain in the archives of the Swiss Confederation and d#ly certified copies of which shall be forwarded to the $overnments of all the co#ntries invited to the Conference< 8Here follows a long list of signatories9

ANNE; TO THE CONVENTION OF MAY 27 !"2" RELATIVE TO THE TREATMENT OF PRISONERS OF #AR$
,72E4 A$REE,E5T C75CER515$ 21RECT REPATR1AT175 A52 H7SP1TA41HAT175 15 A 5E TRA4 C7 5TRI 7* PR1S75ERS 7* WAR *7R REAS75S 7* HEA4TH<

I$ %o53rnin2 Prin6i.l3s ,or Dir36t R3.atriation an0 Hos.itali9ation in a N37tral Co7ntr4$ A$ DIRECT REPATRIATION$
There shall be repatriated directly+ (< Sic3 and wo#nded who, according to medical opinion, are not li3ely to recover in one year, their condition reB#iring treatment and their mental or physical fitness appearing to have s#ffered considerable dimin#tion; &< 1nc#rable sic3 and wo#nded whose mental or physical fitness appears to have s#ffered considerable dimin#tion; =< C#red sic3 and wo#nded whose mental or physical fitness appears to have s#ffered considerable dimin#tion<

B$ HOSPITALI=ATION IN A NEUTRAL COUNTRY$

There shall be placed in hospitals+ (< Sic3 and wo#nded !whose c#re within a period of one year is to be e"pected, s#ch c#re appearing certain and more rapid if the sic3 and wo#nded are given the benefit of the reso#rces

offered by the ne#tral co#ntry than if their captivity properly so! called is prolonged; &< Prisoners of war whose mental or physical health appears, according to medical opinion, to be serio#sly menaced by contin#ance in captivity, while hospitali0ation in a ne#tral co#ntry wo#ld probably remove this danger<

C$ REPATRIATION OF THOSE HOSPITALI=ED IN A NEUTRAL COUNTRY$

There shall be repatriated the prisoners of war hospitali0ed in a ne#tral co#ntry who belong to the following categories+ (< Those whose state of health appears to be or to be becoming s#ch that they fall within the categories of persons eligible to repatriation for reasons of health; &< The recovered whose mental or physical fitness seems to have s#ffered a considerable dimin#tion<

II S.36ial Prin6i.l3s ,or Dir36t R3.atriation or Hos.itali9ation in a N37tral Co7ntr4$ A$ REPATRIATION$

There shall be repatriated+ (< All prisoners of war who, as the res#lt of organic in-#ries, have the following impairments, act#al or f#nctional+ loss of a member, paralysis, artic#lar or other defects, provided that the loss is at least a foot or a hand, or is eB#ivalent to the loss of a foot or a hand; &< All wo#nded or in-#red prisoners of war whose condition is s#ch that it renders them invalids whose c#re, within a period of one year, can not be anticipated from a medical standpoint; =< All the sic3 whose condition is s#ch that it renders them invalids whose c#re, within a period of one year, can not be anticipated from a medical standpoint; The following, in partic#lar, belong to this category+

aA Progressive t#berc#losis of any organs which, according to medical opinion, can no longer be c#red or at least considerably improved by a co#rse of treatmnent in a ne#tral co#ntry< bA 5ont#berc#lar affections of the respiratory organs pres#med inc#rable @s#ch as, above all, strongly developed p#lmonary emphysema, with or witho#t bronchitis, bronchiectasis, serio#s asthma, gas poisoning, etc<A; cA Serio#s chronic affections of the organs of circ#lation @for e"ample+ valv#lar affections with tendencies to disorders of compensation, relatively serio#s affections of the myocardi#m, pericardi#m of the vessels, especially inoperable ane#risms of the large vessels, etc<A; dA Serio#s chronic affections of the digestive organs; eA Serio#s chronic affections of the E#rinary and se"#al organs @partic#larly, for e"ample; all cases of confirmed chronic nephritis with complete semeiology, and most especially when cardiac and vasc#lar impairments already e"ist; li3ewise, pyelites and chronic cystitis, etc<A; fA Serio#s chronic diseases of the central and peripheral nervo#s system @s#ch as, partic#larly, serio#s ne#rasthenia and hysteria, all #nB#estionable cases of epilepsy, serio#s cases of /asedowEs disease, etc<A; gA /lindness in both eyes, or m one eye when the vision of the other remains below in spite of the #se of corrective glasses; red#ction in ac#teness of vision in case it is impossible to restore it by correction to the ac#teness of (J& for one eye at least; other oc#lar affections coming in the present class @gla#coma, iritis, choroiditis, etc<A; hA Total deafness in both ears, as well as total deafness in one ear in case the partially deaf ear does not discern the ordinary spo3en voice at a distance of one meter+ iA All #nB#estionable cases of mental affections; 3A All serio#s cases of chronic poisoning by metals or other ca#ses @lead poisoning, merc#ry poisoning, morphinism, cocainism, alcoholism, gas poisoning, etc<A;

lA Chronic affections of the organs of locomotion @arthritis deformans, go#t, rhe#matism with impairments clinically discoverableA, provided they are serio#s; mA All malignant growths, if they are not amenable to relatively minor operations witho#t endangering the life of the patient; nA All cases of malaria with noticeable organic changes< @important chronic increase in si0e of the liver, of the spleen, cache"ia, etc<A; oA Serio#s chronic c#taneo#s affections, in so far as their nat#re does not constit#te a medical indication for hospitali0ation in a ne#tral co#ntry; pA Serio#s avitaminoses @beriberi, pellagra, chronic sc#rvyA<

B$ HOSPITALI=ATION$
Prisoners of war m#st be hospitali0ed if they have the following affections+ (< All forms of t#berc#losis of any organs whatever if, according to present medical 3nowledge, they may be c#red, or at least considerably improved by methods applicable in a ne#tral co#ntry @altit#de, treatment in sanatoria, etc<A; &< All forms!necessitating treatment!of affections of the respiratory, circ#latory, digestive, genito!#rinary, and nervo#s organs, of organs of the senses, of the locomotor and c#taneo#s apparat#s; provided, however, that the forms of these affections do not belong to the categories reB#iring direct repatriation, or are not ac#te diseases properly so!called s#sceptible to a complete c#re< The affections contemplated in this paragraph are those which offer really better chances of c#re for the patient by the application of means of treatment available in a ne#tral co#ntry than if he were treated in captivity< 5ervo#s tro#bles, the efficient or determinant ca#ses of which are the events of the war or even of the captivity itself, s#ch as the psychasthenia of prisoners of war and other analogo#s cases, sho#ld be given special consideration< All d#ly verified cases of this 3ind sho#ld be hospitali0ed,

provided that the serio#sness or constit#tional character thereof does not ma3e them cases for direct repatriation< Cases of psychasthenia of prisoners of war which are not c#red after three months of hospitali0ation in a ne#tral co#ntry or which, after this period has e"pired, are not obvio#sly on the road to final recovery, sho#ld be repatriated< =< All cases of wo#nds or lesions and their conseB#ences which offer better chances of c#re in a ne#tral co#ntry than in captivity, provided that these cases a"e not either eligible for direct repatriation or else are insignificant< F< All cases of malaria, d#ly verified and not presenting organic changes clinically discoverable @chronic enlargement of the liver, of the spleen, cache"ia, etc<A, if the stay in a ne#tral co#ntry offers partic#larly favorable prospects of final c#re; G< All cases of poisoning @partic#larly by gases, metals, al3aloidsA for which the prospects of c#re in a ne#tral co#ntry are especially favorable< There shall be e"cl#ded from hospitali0ation+ (< All d#ly verified cases of mental affections< &< All organic, or f#nctional nervo#s affections rep#ted to be inc#rable; @These two categories belong to those giving a right to direct repatriation<A =< Serio#s chronic alcoholism; F< All contagio#s affections d#ring the period in which they are transmissible @ac#te infectio#s diseases, prima"y and secondary syphilis, trachoma, leprosy, etc<A<

III$ %3n3ral O:s3r5ations$

The conditions given above sho#ld, generally spea3ing, be interpreted and applied in as broad a spirit as possible< This breadth of interpretation sho#ld be especially applied to the ne#ropathic or psychopathic conditions ca#sed or bro#ght to a head by the events of the war or even of the captivity itself

@psychasthenia of prisoners of warA, and also to cases of t#berc#losis in all degrees< 1t is needless to state that camp physicians and the mi"ed medical commissions may find themselves confronted with a great n#mber of cases not mentioned among the e"amples given #nder Section ((, or cases not fitting in with these e"amples< The e"amples mentioned above a"e given only as typical e"amples; an analogo#s list of e"amples of s#rgical alterations has not been drawn #p beca#se, with the e"ception of cases incontestable by their very nat#re @amp#tationsA, it is diffic#lt to ma3e a list of partic#lar type; e"perience has shown that a recital of these partic#lar cases was not witho#t disadvantages in practice< All cases not fitting e"actly into the e"amples cited shall be decided by invo3ing the spirit of the above governing principles< A52 WHEREAS, the said Convention has been d#ly ratified on the part of the nited States of America and the instr#ment of ratification of the nited States of America was deposited with the $overnment of Swit0erland on *ebr#ary F, ()=&; A52 WHEREAS, in accordance with Article )& thereof, the said Convention became effective in respect of the nited States of America si" months after the deposit of its instr#ment of ratification, namely, on A#g#st F, ()=&; 5ow, THERE*7RE, be it 3nown that 1, Herbert Hoover, President of the nited States of America, have ca#sed the said Convention to be made p#blic to the end that the same and every article and cla#se thereof may be observed and f#lfilled with good faith by the nited States of America and the citi0ens thereof< 15 TEST1,75I WHERE7*, 1 have here#nto set my hand and ca#sed the seal of the nited States of America to be affi"ed< 275E at the city of Washington this fo#rth day of A#g#st in the year of o#r 4ord one tho#sand nine h#ndred and thirty! two, and of the 1ndependence of the nited States of America the one h#ndred and fifty!seventh< HER/ERT H77:ER /y the President+

W< R< CAST4E, %r Acting Secretary of State< @(A Anne"ed Reg#lations+ ART< (< The laws, !rights, and d#ties of war apply not only to armies, b#t also to militia and vol#nteer corps f#lfilling the following conditions+ To be commanded by a person responsible for his s#bordinates; To have a fi"ed distinctive emblem recogni0able at a distance; To carry arms openly; and To cond#ct their operations in accordance with the laws and c#stoms of war< 1n co#ntries where militia or vol#nteer corps constit#te the army, or form part of it, they are incl#ded #nder the denomination Karmy<K ART< &< The inhabitants of a territory which has not been occ#pied, who, on the approach of the enemy, spontaneo#sly ta3e #p arms to resist the invading troops witho#t having had time to organi0e themselves in accordance with Article (, shall be regarded as belligerents if they carry arms openly and if they respect the laws and c#stoms of war< ART< =< The armed forces of the belligerent parties may consist of combatants and noncombatants< 1n the case of capt#re by the enemy, both have a right to be treated as prisoners of war< 8*ootnote in the original<9<