MPT 1378: Part 1: [Draft 6] PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION GSM Base Station Radio Equipment Revised and Reprinted December

1999

Page 3 MPT 1378 Part 1:1999 Crown Copyright 1996 Revised and Reprinted June 1993 Revised and Reprinted November 1996 Revised and Reprinted December 1999

Page 4 MPT 1378 Part 1: 1999

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Contents
FOREWORD ......................................................................................................................... ......................... 7 1 GENERAL......................................................................................................................... .................... 9 1.1 Scope of specification ....................................................................................................... ... 9 1.2 Frequency bands.............................................................................................................. .... 9 1.3 Channels and channel numbering ....................................................................................... 9 1.4 Frequency hopping............................................................................................................ ... 9 1.5 RF power control ............................................................................................................. ..... 9 DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................. 10 TRANSMITTERS.................................................................................................................... ............ 11 3.1 Modulation, phase error and mean frequency error........................................................... 11 3.1.1 Definition........................................................................................................ 11 3.1.2 Method of measurement................................................................................ 12 3.1.3 Requirements ................................................................................................ 12 3.2 Mean transmitted RF carrier power.................................................................................... 12 3.2.1 Definition........................................................................................................ 12 3.2.2 Method of Measurement................................................................................ 13 3.2.3 Requirements ................................................................................................ 13 3.3 Transmitted RF carrier power versus time......................................................................... 14 3.3.1 Definition........................................................................................................ 14 3.3.2 Method of Measurement................................................................................ 14 3.3.3 Requirements ................................................................................................ 15 3.4 Adjacent channel power ..................................................................................................... 15 3.4.1 Definition........................................................................................................ 15 3.4.2 Continuous modulation spectrum .................................................................. 16 3.4.3 Switching transients spectrum ....................................................................... 17 3.5 Spurious emissions from the transmitters.......................................................................... 19 3.5.1 Definition........................................................................................................ 19 3.5.2 Method of measurement................................................................................ 19 3.5.3 Requirements ................................................................................................ 21 3.6 Intermodulation attenuation................................................................................................ 21 3.6.1 Definition........................................................................................................ 21 3.6.2 Method of measurement................................................................................ 21 3.6.3 Requirements ................................................................................................ 23 RECEIVERS ....................................................................................................................... ................ 23 4.1 Static reference sensitivity level ......................................................................................... 24 4.1.1 Definition........................................................................................................ 24 4.1.2 Method of measurement................................................................................ 24 4.1.3 Requirements ................................................................................................ 24 4.2 Blocking and spurious response rejection.......................................................................... 25 4.2.1 Definition........................................................................................................ 25 4.2.2 Method of measurement ............................................................................... 26 4.2.3 Requirements ................................................................................................ 27 4.3 Intermodulation rejection....................................................................................................28 4.3.1 Definition........................................................................................................ 28 4.3.2 Method of Measurement................................................................................ 28 4.3.3 Requirements ................................................................................................ 29 4.4 Spurious emissions from the receiver antenna connector ................................................ 29 4.4.1 Definitions ...................................................................................................... 29 4.4.2 Method of Measurement................................................................................ 29 4.4.3 Requirements ................................................................................................ 29 DUPLEX OPERATION......................................................................................................31

2 3

ANNEX A :

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A.1

A.2

Receiver desensitisation with simultaneous transmission and reception.......................... 31 A.1.1 Definition ........................................................................................................ 31 A.1.2 Method of measurement ................................................................................ 31 A.1.3 Requirements................................................................................................. 31 Receiver spurious response rejection ................................................................................ 31 A.2.1 Definition ........................................................................................................ 31 A.2.2 Method of measurement ................................................................................ 32 A.2.3 Requirements................................................................................................. 32 REFERENCE TEST METHODS ........................................................................................ 34 Test conditions .............................................................................................................. ..... 34 B.1.1 Power sources and ambient temperatures .................................................... 34 B.1.2 Normal test conditions ................................................................................... 34 B.1.3 Extreme test conditions.................................................................................. 34 B.1.4 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures ................................................ 35 General test conditions ...................................................................................................... . 35 B.2.1 Arrangements for test signals applied to the receiver input .......................... 35 B.2.3 Arrangement for test signals at the line input of the transmitting unit ........... 35 B.2.4 Arrangement for test signals at the line output of the receiving unit ............. 35 B.2.5 Test site and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields............................................................................................. 35 B.2.6 Anechoic shielded chamber ........................................................................... 36 Accepted uncertainty of measurement equipment ............................................................. 36 Testing of statistical parameters......................................................................................... 37 GUIDANCE FOR THE USE OF RADIATION TEST SITES .............................................. 37 Measuring distance ........................................................................................................... . 37 Test antenna................................................................................................................. ...... 37 Substitution antenna ......................................................................................................... .. 37 Artificial antenna ........................................................................................................... ...... 37 Auxiliary cables............................................................................................................. ...... 37

ANNEX B: B.1

B.2

B.3 B.4 ANNEX C: C.1 C.2 C.3 C.4 C.5

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FOREWORD
It is a requirement of the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1949 that no radio apparatus shall be installed or used in the United Kingdom except under the authority granted by the Secretary of State. It is a condition of this authority that the performance of the apparatus must meet certain minimum standards. These minimum standards of performance are given in specifications prepared by the Radiocommunications Agency in consultation with the relevant manufacturers. Applicants who wish to submit equipment for type approval testing should apply to one of the accredited test houses. Guidance for applicants is given in the RA Information Sheet RA 207 (Rev 1): Type Approval - UK Type Approval Requirements for Land Mobile and Maritime Mobile Radiocommunications Equipment. This is available on a single copy basis free from the RA Information & Library Service. Equipment will be considered for approval purposes either: a) b) by direct compliance with MPT 1378 Part 1 or; by compliance with a national standard or government regulation of any Member State of the European Community, or any Member State which is contracting party to the EEA Agreement or; by compliance with any relevant international standard or regulation recognised in a member State of the European Community, or a Member Sate which is a contracting party to the EEA Agreement; and, where appropriate, by compliance with manufacturing rules and procedures of a Member State of the European Communities, or a Member State which is a contracting party to the EEA Agreement, relating to quality control operations during manufacture of the equipment where they form part of a standard or technical regulations in a) or c) as above;

c)

d)

provided that in case b) or c) the regulation is deemed to comply with MPT 1378 Part 1. The results of tests to such a standard will be taken into consideration if carried out by authorised and accredited test houses in accordance with ISO guides 25 and 38 or EN45001 and EN45002 or a national standard conforming to these requirements. Notwithstanding the provisions of the EMC Directive, the following sub clauses shall be applied for spectrum management: transmitter spurious emissions, subclause 3.5 receiver spurious radiations, subclause 4.4 The EMC tests carried out on the basis of article 10.5 of the EMC Directive 89/336/EEC by the notified bodies established in other Member States would not normally be repeated for licensing purposes in the United Kingdom. Applicants who wish to demonstrate compliance with the EMC directive are advised to refer to the RA Information sheets RA 200: Electromagnetic Compatibility for Radio and RA 227 (Rev. 1): EMC - The EC Type Examination Route to compliance for Radiocommunication Transmission Apparatus. These are available on a single copy basis free from the RA Information & Library Service. It may be necessary for amendments to this specification to be issued. available from the RA Information and Library Service. Amendment sheets will be

For the latest information concerning Type Approval Status and Licensing conditions, refer to the RA Information Sheet RA 275: Status of Land Mobile Radio Specifications (MPT 1300 series). This publication also contains contact names and telephone numbers for Agency staff who are able to assist you with licensing and technical enquiries and is available on a single copy basis free from the RA Information & Library Service.

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This revision was required in order to allow for; a) This document to be updated in line with the Agencys current Standard format and layout for the MPT 1300 series specifications. The performance requirements in this document to be aligned with those specified for the European digital cellular telecommunications system GSM by ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute). In order to maintain alignment with the ETSI requirements for testing of GSM base station systems, the following clauses in this document have been amended since the previous version of the document : Clause 3.5, Clause 4.4, Annex A (formerly Clause 5). Clauses 3.5/4.4 - spurious emissions conducted via power lines are now covered under the GSM EMC standard ETS 300 342-2 and so have been removed from MPT 1378 in order to avoid duplicate testing. Receiver radiated emissions testing has been revoved from Clause 4.4 in order to align MPT 1378 with requirements for gsm AS SPECIFIED BY ETSI. for the same reason, Caluse 3.5 has been amended to require maasurement over the frequency range 30 MHz to 4 GHz, rather than 12.7 GHz. Annex A in this specification replaces Clause 5 in previous versions of MPT 1378. The change was again made to align MPT 1378 with the GSM requirements specified by ETSI. a web site which can be accessed on It is planned that all of the MPT 1300 series of

b)

c)

d)

The Radiocommunications Agency has http://www.open.gov.uk/radiocom/rahome.htm. specifications will be available on here. Radiocommunications Agency Wyndha House 189 Marsh Wall London E14 9SX Tel: 0207 211 0500/0502 Fax: 020 7211 0507 Email: Library.ra@gtnet.gov.uk

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1
1.1

GENERAL
Scope of specification

This standard specifies the Radio Frequency (RF) performance requirements and methods of measurement for type approval of the Base Station System (BSS) of the European digital cellular telecommunications system (GSM 900). The performance requirements have been derived from the core GSM requirements as specified by ETSI (GSM 05.05). The methods of measurement are derived from GSM specification GSM11.20. This specification does not apply to repeaters. 1.2 Frequency bands

The frequency band for the Base Station System is given in table 1. Table 1: Frequency bands for GSM Base Station Systems

TRANSMITTER (TX) : 935 - 960 MHz

RECEIVER (RX) : 890 - 915 MHz

1.3

Channels and channel numbering

The carrier frequencies (RF channels) have the following numbers and frequencies according to recommendation GSM 05.05 (n = carrier number, n = 1 to 124): F1(n) = 890.200 MHz + (n-1) x 0.200 MHz Fu(n) = F1(n) + 45.000 MHz (lower band = RX) (upper band = TX)

Many tests in sections 3 and 4 shall be performed with appropriate frequencies in the bottom, middle and top of the operating frequency band specified by the operator or by the manufacturer. These are denoted as RF channels B, M and T. 1.4 Frequency hopping

Slow frequency hopping (SFH) may optionally be implemented in each Base Station System as an operator choice. The BSS shall be able to switch to any frequency in the GSM band allocated to this BSS on a timeslot per timeslot basis. The detailed description of the frequency hopping scheme is described in recommendation GSM 05.02. The switching requirements for SFH appears in sections 3 and 4 in accordance with recommendation GSM 05.05. In special national cases the Base Station System may additionally utilize frequencies outside the GSM band as stated in section 1.2 (see also recommendation GSM 05.05). Consequently these frequencies may be included in the requirements in this section on a national basis. 1.5 RF power control

RF power control functions may optionally be implemented in GSM Base Station Systems according to recommendation GSM 05.08. If applicable, the BSS shall be able to hop between any defined power level on a timeslot per timeslot basis. The switching and stability requirements appear in section 3 in this specification. Other requirements in this specification apply whether RF power control is supported or not.

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DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS

A comprehensive list of defined terms used in the GSM recommendations can be found in recommendation GSM 01.04. The following definitions and abbreviations are also included in this specification. Base Station System (BSS) The system of Base Station equipments (transceivers, controllers etc.) which is viewed by the MSC through a single interface as defined by the GSM 08.0x-series of recommendations being the entity responsible for communicating with Mobile Stations in a certain area. The radio equipment in a BSS may cover one or more cells. If an internal A-bis-interface according to the GSM 08.5x-series and GSM 08.6x-series of recommendations is implemented, the BSS shall consist of one Base Station Controller (BSC) and several Base Transceiver Stations (BTSs). The functionality of a BSS is given in recommendation GSM 08.02. Base Station Controller (BSC) A network component in the PLMN with the functions for control of one or more Base Transceiver Stations (BTSs). Base Transceiver Station (BTS) A network component which serves one cell in the cellular network and is controlled by a Base Station Controller (BSC). The BTS contains one or more Transceivers (TRXs). Integrated Base Station System (BSS) A BSS without any internal A-bis-interfaces.

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Base Control Function (BCF) A functional entity which handles common control functions within a Base Transceiver Station (BTS). Transceiver (TRX) A network component which can serve full duplex communication on 8 full-rate traffic channels according to recommendation GSM 05.02. If SFH is not used, the TRX serves the communication on one RF carrier. Mobile Services Switching Centre (MSC) The MSC provides the interface between the PLMN and the PSTN. The MSC interfaces the PSTN on one side and the BSSs on the other side and performs all necessary functions in order to handle the calls to and from the Mobile Stations. Mobile Station (MS) A station in the mobile service intended to be used while in motion (quoted from the radio regulations no 67). Operations and Maintenance Centre (OMC) A network management entity used for remote operations and maintenance of the PLMN. The network management functions for the PLMN need to be monitored and controlled by one or more OMCs. Base Station System Test Equipment (BSSTE) A functional unit which may be used for acceptance testing of GSM Base Station Systems. Cell The area of radio coverage locally defined as seen by the Mobile Stations with a Base Station Identity Code (BSIC) and uniquely defined as seen by the network with a global Cell Identity (CI).

TRANSMITTERS

All tests in this section shall be conducted on Base Station Systems fitted with a full complement of Transceivers for the configuration. Measurements shall be made at the BSS Tx antenna connector (including any TX combiner) or at internal test points and interfaces as provided by the applicant. Unless otherwise stated the tests in this section shall be performed under normal and extreme test conditions. Power levels are expressed in dBm, assuming a 50 ohms impedance. 3.1 3.1.1 Modulation, phase error and mean frequency error Definition

The GSM modulation scheme is Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK) with normalized bandwidth BT=0.3. This measurement verifies the correct implementation of the GMSK pulse shaping filtering (equivalent premodulation filter) and the suppression of all contributions to frequency error and phase error during the active part of a timeslot. For further information see recommendations GSM 05.04, GSM 05.05 and GSM 05.10.

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3.1.2

Method of measurement

All carriers in the configuration shall be switched on transmitting full power in all timeslots for 1 hour. Then the following measurement shall be carried out. If Slow Frequency Hopping (SFH) is supported by the BSS, the BSS shall be hopping over the maximum range and number of carriers possible for the test environment and which are available in the configuration. If SFH is not supported, the test shall be performed for the radio frequency channels B, M and T. In both cases the test shall be repeated for each RF equipment existing in the configuration. The transmitted signal from the BSS shall be extracted in the BSSTE for a pseudo-random known bitstream of encrypted bits into the BSS modulator. The pseudo-random bitstream shall be any 148 bit subsequence of the 511 bit pseudo-random bitstream defined in recommendation CCITT V.52. This pseudo-random bitstream may be generated by another pseudo-random bitstream inserted before channel encoding in the BSS and shall generate at least 200 different bursts. The phase trajectory (phase versus time) for the useful part of the timeslots (147 bits in the centre of the burst - see recommendations GSM 05.04 and GSM 05.10 for further information) shall be extracted with a resolution of at least 2 samples per modulating bit. The RF receiver parts of the BSSTE are assumed not to be limiting the measurement. The theoretical phase trajectory from the known pseudo-random bitstream shall be calculated in the BSSTE for a GMSK pulse shaping. The phase difference trajectory shall be calculated as the difference between the measured and the theoretical phase trajectory. The mean frequency error across the burst shall then be calculated as the derivative of the regression line of the phase difference trajectory. The regression line shall be calculated using the Mean Square Error (MSE) method. The phase error is then finally the difference between the phase difference trajectory and its linear regression line. 3.1.3 Requirements

The phase error shall not exceed: 5 degrees rms 20 degrees peak The mean frequency error across the burst shall not exceed: 0.05 ppm The requirements apply whether Slow Frequency Hopping (SFH) is used or not in the BSS. requirements apply to each burst under normal and extreme test conditions. 3.2 3.2.1 Mean transmitted RF carrier power Definition The

The mean transmitted RF carrier power is the power delivered to the TX combiner on the radio frequency channel under test. This test verifies the power step accuracy across the frequency range. For further information see recs. GSM 05.05 and GSM 05.08.

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3.2.2

Method of Measurement

For this specific measurement the power shall be measured at the input of the TX combiner. However, the measurement method can be directly applied also to the output of the TX combiner, but in that case it is up to the network operator to specify the power level requirements. If measured at the output of the TX combiner, the TX combiner shall have the maximum number of carriers connected to it so that the measurement can be used as a reference for the measurement of transmitted carrier power versus time in section 3.3. All carriers in the configuration shall be switched on transmitting full power in all timeslots for 1 hour. Then the following measurement shall be carried out. The BSS shall be configured with the radio frequency channels B, M and T. If SFH is supported by the BSS, the BSS shall be hopping over these 3 frequencies. The BSS under test shall be set to transmit 3 adjacent timeslots in a TDMA-frame at the same power level. The power level shall then be measured on a timeslot basis over the useful part of the middle timeslot averaged over more than 1000 timeslots. Only timeslots with a power level higher than -40 dB relative to the expected value shall be included in the averaging process. Whether SFH is supported or not, the measurement shall be carried out on all of the 3 frequencies in turn. For the definition of useful part of the timeslot see figure 1, and for further details recommendations GSM 05.04 and GSM 05.10. For timing on a per timeslot basis each timeslot may contain 156.25 modulating bits, or 2 timeslots may contain 157 and 6 timeslots 156 modulating bits according to recommendation GSM 05.10. The power shall be measured at each nominal power level as specified below or by the manufacturer or by the operator. The test shall be repeated with varying RF equipment until each RF equipment in the configuration is tested. The BCCH carrier shall specifically be tested over its specified power levels. 3.2.3 Requirements Table 2: Power level classes for a GSM BSS

TRX power class 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Maximum peak power 320 W 160 W 80 W 40 W 20 W 10 W 5W 2.5 W

Tolerance (dB) - 0, +3 - 0, +3 - 0, +3 - 0, +3 - 0, +3 - 0, +3 - 0, +3 - 0, +3

The BSS shall always be able to use the maximum peak power corresponding to its TRX power class given in table 2 with its tolerances, and at least 6 power steps of 2 +/- 0.5 dB down.

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As an option, the BSS can use downlink RF power control. In this case up to 15 power level steps for RF power control may be used starting from the set power level (level 0) corresponding to the TRX power class (+ 1.5 dB) and the more than 6 power steps defined above and down to level 15. If downlink RF power control is used, the maximum power level for the BSS equipment shall have an accuracy of +/- 1.5 dB under normal test conditions and an accuracy of +/-2 dB under extreme test conditions. From the minimum power level for the BSS equipment the increasing power levels shall form an increasing monotonic sequence and the step size between 2 adjacent levels shall be 2 dB +/- 1.5 dB. If downlink RF power control is used, the absolute power level accuracy shall be better than +/- 3 dB under normal test conditions and +/- 4 dB under extreme test conditions for all RF power control levels, starting from power level 1. 3.3 3.3.1 Transmitted RF carrier power versus time Definition

This section defines: The time during which the transmitted power envelope must be stable (the useful part of the timeslot). The stability limits. The maximum output power when nominally off between time slots. It does not attempt to measure the detail of the power ramps, this is measured as adjacent channel power in section 3.4. For further information see recommendations GSM 05.02, GSM 05.04, GSM 05.05 and GSM 05.08. 3.3.2 Method of Measurement

The BSS shall be configured with the radio frequency channels B, M and T. 3 adjacent timeslots in a TDMA-frame shall be used. All other timeslots in the TDMA-frame shall be off. Power measurements are made with a detector bandwidth of BW, where BW shall be at least 1 MHz. Power is measured continuously at the antenna connector of the combined transmitters for the maximum RF carrier configuration defined by the manufacturer or the operator at each of the 3 frequencies in turn. Timing is related to T0 which is the transition time from bit 13 to bit 14 of the midamble training sequence for each timeslot. For timing on a per timeslot basis each timeslot may contain 156.25 modulating bits, or 2 timeslots may contain 157 and 6 timeslots 156 modulating bits according to recommendation GSM 05.10. On a per timeslot basis also, the 0 dB reference point in Figure 1 is defined as the average power during the useful part of the burst. All 3 timeslots shall be configured with the same power (Pmin or Pmax, in turn) and the timeslot power sequence (TS1, TS2, TS3) = (Poff, Pmax, Poff) and (Poff, Pmin, Poff) shall be displayed or stored for at least 100 complete cycles of the timeslot power sequence on each of the 3 frequencies. In the case of SFH, all 3 timeslots need to be active and hopping, while in the case of no SFH, only the middle timeslot (TS2) needs to be active. Pmax, Pmin and Poff are the maximum power level (level 0), the minimum power level (level 1-15) and the power when a timeslot is idle for the BSS configuration (see also Figure 2). The measurement shall be repeated for each RF equipment existing in the configuration.

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power (dB) +4 +1 -1 -6

- 30

Useful part Useful part 147 bits 147 bits - 70

TO 10 8 10 10 8 10 time (us)

147 bits = 542.8 us = 7056/13 us 1 timeslot = 5769 us = 156.25 bits

Figure 1: 3.3.3 Requirements

Power/time mask for power ramping of normal bursts

The power/time profile Figure 1 under normal test conditions shall be met. No requirements are given for any other transitions. If RF power control is supported by the BSS, the value Pmin of Figure 1 shall be within the limits defined in section 3.2 over the useful part of the timeslot. For the timeslot "off" condition the power level shall remain at the Poff value for all timeslots. In case the power level being very low, i.e. when the Poff value of -70 dB results in a lower absolute value than -36 dBm, then Poff shall be -36 dBm. NOTE: The time mask in figure 1 exceeds the timeslot length. In case consecutive timeslots are active there are other requirements like phase trajectory, adjacent channel spectrum etc. which will guarantee satisfactory operation. 3.4 3.4.1 Adjacent channel power Definition

The modulation and power level switching spectra can produce significant interference in the GSM and adjacent bands. The effect on the spectrum due to the continuous modulation spectrum and due to the switching transients do not occur at the same time and are therefore specified separately: Continuous modulation spectrum Switching transients spectrum For further information see Recommendation GSM 05.05.

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3.4.2 3.4.2.1

Continuous modulation spectrum Method of Measurement

The BSS shall be configured with the radio frequency channels B, M and T. a) One timeslot shall be set up to transmit full power modulated with a pseudo-random bit sequence of encrypted bits. The pseudo-random bit sequence may be generated by another pseudo-random bit sequence inserted before channel encoding in the BSS. The other timeslots shall be off. The power shall then be measured selectively with video averaging over 50 - 90% of the useful part of the timeslot (see recommendation GSM 05.05), excluding the midamble, at one of the carriers in the configuration with the test equipment parameters below. The averaging shall be over at least 500 timeslots and only timeslots where the power exceeds -40 dB relative to the expected value shall be included in the averaging process. In case of SFH, any of the carriers may be used. In case of no SFH, the actually transmitted carrier must be used. Resolution bandwidth Video bandwidth Zero frequency scan : 30 kHz : 30 kHz

The power shall also be measured with the following offsets from the carrier frequency: 100, 200, 250, 400 kHz and 600 - 1800 kHz in steps of 200 kHz b) With all timeslots at the same power level, step a) shall be repeated for all nominal power levels defined by the manufacturer or by the operator for the BSS. Step a) shall be repeated, except that the resolution bandwidth shall be set to 30 kHz, and the power level shall be measured over the frequency range 890 to 915 MHz in 200 kHz steps. The whole measurement shall be performed sequentially for all the 3 carriers in the configuration and the test shall be repeated until all the RF equipment in the BSS configuration is tested on all the 3 frequencies. Requirements

c)

d)

3.4.2.2

The power measured shall in all above cases never exceed the limits shown in table 3 under normal test conditions. If the resulting absolute value from table 3 is below -36 dBm, the requirement shall be replaced by -36 dBm for offsets of 400 to 1800 kHz inclusive. The figures in Table 3, at the listed frequencies from carrier (kHz), are the maximum level (dB) relative to a measurement in a 30 kHz bandwidth on the carrier.

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Table 3: Continuous modulation spectrum - maximum limits Power level (dBm) >=43 41 39 37 35 <=33 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Maximum relative level (dB) at carrier offsets (kHz): 100 +0.5 +0.5 +0.5 +0.5 +0.5 +0.5 200 -30 -30 -30 -30 -30 -30 250 -33 -33 -33 -33 -33 -33 400 -60 -60 -60 -60 -60 -60 600-1800 -70 -68 -66 -64 -62 -60

For all power levels tested, the maximum power measured at step c) in the range 890 to 915 MHz shall be -103 dBm. 3.4.3 3.4.3.1 Switching transients spectrum Method of Measurement

The BSS shall be configured with the radio frequency channels B, M and T. a) All timeslots shall be set up to transmit full power modulated with a pseudo-random bit sequence. The power shall then be measured continuously at the offsets listed below from one of the carriers in the configuration with the test equipment parameters below. In case of SFH, any of the carriers may be used. In case of no SFH, the actually transmitted carrier must be used. Resolution bandwidth: Video bandwidth: Zero frequency scan Peak hold enabled 30 kHz 100 kHz

The following offsets from the carrier frequency shall be used: 400, 600, 1200, and 1800 kHz b) If no RF power control is supported by the BSS, the test in step a) shall be repeated with the power/timeslot profile of Figure 3, and if supported, with the power/timeslot profile of Figure 2. The test shall be carried out with SFH disabled and enabled, if supported. With all timeslots at the same power level, step a) shall be repeated for all nominal power levels defined by the manufacturer or by the operator for the BSS. The whole measurement shall be performed sequentially for all the 3 carriers in the configuration and the test shall be repeated until all the RF equipment in the BSS configuration is tested on all the 3 frequencies.

c)

d)

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Power

P max

P min

P off

6 timeslots

Figure 2:

Power/timeslot configuration (RF power control)

Power

P max

P off

6 timeslots

Figure 3:

Power/timeslot configuration (no RF power control)

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3.4.3.2

Requirements

The power measured shall in any case never exceed the limits shown in Table 4 under normal test conditions, or -36 dBm, whichever value is highest. These requirements shall in no case be more stringent than 3 dB above the figures given in Table 3 for the relevant power level. (Note that for Table 4, "dB" means relative to the maximum BSS peak power; for Table 3 "dB" means relative to the current power level.) Table 4: Switching transients spectrum - maximum limits

Offset (kHz) 400 600 1200 1800

Power (dBc) - 60 - 69 - 75 - 79

NOTE: For a high-power BSS/BTS, the value in Table 4 will always exceed -36 dBm. In such a case, the measurement in section 3.5 of TX spurious emissions may be unnecessary in the BSS TX band close to the carrier. 3.5 3.5.1 Spurious emissions from the transmitters Definition

Spurious emissions are emissions at frequencies other than those of the carrier, sidebands and adjacent channels associated with normal modulation and switching covered in Clause 3.4 radiated by the equipment (cabinet radiation), or at the antenna connector (conducted spurious emissions). This measurement covers the spurious emissions from the BSS transmitters while in operation covering also switching transients close to the carrier. For further information see GSM 05.05. 3.5.2 Method of measurement

Spurious emissions shall be measured as: The power level of any discrete signal measured in a 50 ohms load at the antenna socket (conducted spurious emissions). The effective radiated power radiated by the cabinet and structure of the equipment (cabinet radiation). The BSS shall be operated in Slow Frequency Hopping (SFH) mode, if applicable. The radio frequency channels B, M and T shall be allocated to the BSS and every other timeslot in the 3 carriers shall be transmitting full power. If no SFH is supported by the BSS, each of these frequencies shall be tested in turn. If SFH is supported, the BSS shall hop on these 3 frequencies. The test shall be repeated until all the RF equipment in the BSS configuration is tested on all the 3 frequencies. The measurements shall be performed in accordance with Table 5 with peak hold enabled.

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Table 5: Spurious emissions measurements Frequency band 935 - 960 MHz (BSS TX band) Frequency offset (offset from carrier) >= 600 MHz >= 1.8 MHz >= 6.0 MHz 890 - 915 MHz otherwise All (offset from BSS TX band) >= 2 MHz >= 5 MHz >= 10 MHz >= 20 MHz >= 30 MHz 30 kHz 100 kHz 300 kHz 1 MHz 3 MHz 10 kHz 30 kHz 100 kHz 30 kHz Resolution Bandwidth

NOTE: For low search frequencies, the resolution bandwidth must be lower than the search frequency. In the range 9 kHz - 100 kHz, the resolution bandwidth shall be 1 kHz, and in the range 100 kHz - 10 MHz it shall be 10 kHz. The requirements shall be unchanged. 3.5.2.1 Method of measuring conducted spurious at the antenna connector

The antenna output connector shall be connected to a spectrum analyser or selective voltmeter, having an input impedance of 50 ohms. If the detecting device is not calibrated in terms of power input, the level of any detected components shall be determined by a substitution method using a signal generator. In the BSS RX band the measurement technique shall be that in subclause 3.4.2.1 step c) (method of measurement for continuous modulation). 3.5.2.2 Method of measuring the effective radiated power

A test site fulfilling the requirements in Annex B.2.5 or B.2.6 shall be used. The BSS shall be placed at the specified height on a non-conducting support and shall be operated from a power source via a RF filter to avoid radiation from the power leads. Radiation of any spurious components shall be detected by the test antenna and receiver and cover the frequency range 30 MHz to 4 GHz. At each frequency at which a component is detected, the sample shall be rotated to obtain maximum response and the effective radiated power of that component determined by a substitution measurement. The measurement shall be repeated with the test antenna in the orthogonal polarisation plane. In order to simplify the test, the rotation is only required for the actual BSS configured with 1 active Transceiver (TRX). If an A-bis-interface is used, both the BSC and the BTS shall be tested.

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3.5.3

Requirements

The power level of the conducted spurious emissions or the effective radiated power shall never exceed the levels in Table 6 under normal test conditions. Table 6: Maximum level of TX spurious emissions

Frequency Band: Radiated: 30 MHz - 1000 MHz > 1000 MHz - 4 GHz Antenna connector: 9 kHz - 1000 MHz > 1000 MHz - 12.75 GHz

Maximum Level:

- 36 dBm - 30 dBm - 36 dBm - 30 dBm

NOTE: For the filter bandwidth quoted in the test method, some difficulties may be experienced with the noise floor above the required measurement limit. This will depend on the gain of the test antenna, and adjustment of the measuring system bandwidth is permissible. 3.6 3.6.1 Intermodulation attenuation Definition

The intermodulation attenuation is a measure of the capability of an RF transmit equipment to inhibit the generation of signals in its non-linear elements caused by the presence of the carrier and an interfering signal reaching the equipment via its antenna. For further information see Recommendation GSM 05.05. 3.6.2 Method of measurement

If SFH is supported by the BSS, it shall be disabled during this measurement.

Page 22 MPT 1378 Part 1: 1999

The antenna output of the RF transmit equipment under test, including the combiner, shall be connected to a coupling device, presenting to the RF equipment a load with an impedance of 50 ohms. The coupling device may consist of a circulator one part of which is to be connected by a coaxial cable to the output terminal of the RF equipment, the second part is to be correctly terminated with 50 ohms into a selective measuring device (e.g. a spectrum analyser). The measurement bandwidth shall be set to either 300 kHz or 30 kHz as specified in Tables 7 and 8. The third part of the circulator is to be connected to the unwanted test signal source by means of an isolator. The unwanted test signal shall be unmodulated and the frequency shall be x MHz above the wanted frequency of the RF transmit equipment under test (see Tables 7 and 8 for the value of x). The carrier power level transmitted by the RF transmit equipment shall be the maximum power specified for the equipment and the unwanted test signal power level shall be adjusted 30 dB below. The test signals are indicated in Figure 4. The power level of the test signal shall be measured at the antenna output end of the coaxial cable, when disconnected from the RF transmit equipment and then correctly matched into 50 ohms. The antenna output power of the RF transmit equipment shall be measured directly at the antenna output terminal connected to an artificial antenna. Any intermodulation components shall then be measured in the band indicated in Table 7 or 8 by means of a selective measuring device. The length of the coaxial cable between the antenna output and the coupling device shall be varied until the maximum level of the intermodulation component considered is obtained. This measurement shall be repeated with the test signal at a frequency x MHz below the wanted transmitted frequency (see Tables 7 and 8 for the value of x). When the above measurements are performed precautions must be taken, so that non-linearities in the selective measuring device do not influence the results appreciable. Furthermore it should be ensured that intermodulation components which may be generated by non-linear elements in the test equipment (e.g. signal generator, circulators, selective measuring device) are sufficiently reduced. The RF transmit equipment under test and the test signal source shall be physically separated in such a way that the measurement is not influenced by direct radiation. The intermodulation attenuation is expressed as the ratio in dB of the output power level of the transmitter under test to the power level of the highest intermodulation component. The tests shall be repeated until all the RF equipment in the BSS configuration has been tested on all the frequencies given in Tables 7 and 8.
Power (dB)

30 dB

Wanted Signal

70 dB

Interferer

Intermodulation components

f0

f0 + 80 kHz

Figure 4:

Example of TX intermodulation attenuation

Page 23 MPT 1378 Part 1:1999

3.6.3

Requirements

Under normal test conditions, at frequencies offset from the wanted signal carrier frequency by more than 6 MHz, the measured intermodulation components shall never exceed the limits given in table 7. These limits apply to all the RF transmitting equipment in the BSS configuration. NOTE 1: In the BSS RX band the measurement technique shall be that in subclause 3.4.2.1 step c (method of measurement for continuous modulation spectrum). NOTE 2: The value Y should be chosen such that the 3rd, 5th or 7th order intermodulation product falls exactly on the middle RF channel (M) in the RX band (e.g. 15 MHz or 22.5 MHz). NOTE 3: In some cases, the level of acceptable spurious emission outside of the BSS receive band may be greater than the specified intermodulation limit. In these cases, the intermodulation components shall not exceed the limits specified in the test of subclause test 3.5 using the same measurement settings. The level of specified spurious emission is not constant over the whole band. Table 7: Maximum transmitter intermodulation limits for frequencies greater than 6 MHz offset from TX RF carrier frequency Tx RF Channel B, M, T M Test Signal displacement (x) 0.8 MHz Y MHz Limit 70 dB - 103 dB Frequency Band 100 kHz - 12.75 GHz 890 - 910 MHz Measurement Bandwidth 300 kHz 30 kHz

Under normal test conditions, at frequencies offset from the wanted signal carrier frequency by less than 6 MHz, the measured intermodulation components shall never exceed those given in Table 8. These limits apply to all the RF transmitting equipment in the BSS configuration. NOTE 4: At frequencies offset from the carrier frequency by less than 1.8 MHz, the modulation mask will dominate. In this case the level of intermodulation components shall not exceed the limits specified in the test specified in subclause 3.4 using the same measurement settings. NOTE 5: In some cases, the level of acceptable radiated spurious may be greater than the specified intermodulation limit. In these cases, the intermodulation components shall not exceed the limits specified in subclause 3.5 using the same measurement settings. Table 8: Maximum transmitter intermodulation limits for frequencies less than 6 MHz offset from TX RF channel carrier frequency Tx RF Channel B, M, T B, M, T Test Signal displacement (x) 0.8 MHz 0.8 MHz Limit 70 dB see NOTE 4 Frequency Band 1.8 MHz - 6 MHz < 1.8 MHz Measurement Bandwidth 30 kHz see NOTE 4

RECEIVERS

All tests in this section shall be conducted on Base Station Systems fitted with a full complement of Transceivers for the configuration. Measurements shall be made at the BSS RX antenna connector or at internal test points and interfaces as provided by the manufacturer and include any RX multicoupler. Where noted RX measurements are to be made with all transmitters operated at full configuration power. A TX-RX coupling loss of 30 dB is assumed throughout this section. It is up to the operator or the

Page 24 MPT 1378 Part 1: 1999

manufacturer to use other values. If other values are used, some of the requirements in this section might need modification. In all the relevant subsections in this section all Bit Error Ratio (BER), Residual BER (RBER) and Frame Erasure Ratio (FER) measurements shall be carried out according to the general rules for statistical testing in annex A. Where error ratios are given, "4.0 E-3" means "4.0 times 10 to the power of -3". If power levels are expressed in dBm, then a 50 ohms impedance is assumed. Unless otherwise stated the tests in this section shall be performed under normal and extreme test conditions. 4.1 4.1.1 Static reference sensitivity level Definition

The static reference sensitivity level of the receiver is the level of signal at the receiver input with a standard test signal at which the receiver will produce after demodulation and channel decoding data with a Frame Erasure Ratio (FER), Residual Bit Error Ratio (RBER) or Bit Error Ratio (BER) better than or equal to that specified for a specific channel type under static propagation conditions. For further information see recommendations GSM 05.05. 4.1.2 Method of measurement

If Slow Frequency Hopping (SFH) is supported by the BSS, the BSS shall be hopping over the maximum range and number of carriers possible for the test environment and which are available in the BSS configuration. If SFH is not supported the test shall be performed for the radio frequency channels B, M and T. In both cases the tests shall be repeated until all the RF equipment in the BSS configuration is tested on all available carrier frequencies. All carriers in the BSS configuration shall be on and transmitting full power in all time slots other than the one used in the test. A test signal with normal GSM modulation shall be applied to the BSS Rx antenna connector on a chosen timeslot. The input signal before channel encoding in the BSSTE is compared with the signal which is obtained from the BSS receiver after channel decoding. The level of the test signal shall be -104 dBm. The 2 adjacent timeslots to the wanted shall have a level 30 dB above the wanted signal. All other timeslots shall be off. 4.1.3 Requirements

The error performance given in table 9 shall be met for all channel types under normal and extreme test conditions. NOTE: The only control channel listed in Table 9 is the SDCCH since the performance of this channel is basically the same as BCCH, AGCH and PCH, and worse than that of SACCH and FACCH. The requirement to be used for the FACCH and the SACCH is consequently the same as for the SDCCH. Table 9: Static error performance limits at RX sensitivity level

Page 25 MPT 1378 Part 1:1999

Channel type SDCCH RACH TCH / F9.6 TCH / F4.8 TCH / F2.4 TCH / H4.8 TCH / H2.4 TCH / FS - class Ib - class II

FER 0.10 % 0.50 % 0.10 % -

BER 1.0 E - 5 1.0 E - 5 -

RBER 0.4 / % 2.0 %

NOTE: The value of in Table 9 may be between 1 and 1.6, but must be the same for both occurrences. 4.2 4.2.1 Blocking and spurious response rejection Definition

Blocking and spurious response rejection is a measure of the ability of a BSS receiver to receive a wanted GSM modulated signal in the presence of an interfering signal; the level of the interfering signal is higher for the test of blocking than for spurious response.

Page 26 MPT 1378 Part 1: 1999

Page 27 MPT 1378 Part 1:1999

f)

The interfering signal shall be frequency modulated with a modulation frequency of 2 kHz and a peak deviation of +/- 100 kHz. NOTE: This is to produce a dense spectrum inside the receiver bandwidth, to maximise the probability of detecting a response from data clocks etc.

g)

For separations between the wanted and interfering signals of 45 MHz or less, the level of the interfering signal at the receiver input shall be -3 dBm (110 dBV emf). For greater separations, the level of the interfering signal shall be +10 dBm (123 dBV emf). The Residual Bit Error Ratio (RBER) for the TCH/FS channel using class II bits shall be measured. All frequencies at which the RBER exceeds 10% shall be recorded for further study. A relaxed statistical significance may be used for this measurement, compared to that of step i). Blocking test

h)

If the preliminary test has been performed, this test shall be performed at all frequencies which have been recorded at step g). If the preliminary test has not been performed, this test shall be performed at all frequencies specified in step e). The interfering signal shall be unmodulated and shall have a level at the receiver input as specified in Table 10.

i)

The RBER for the TCH/FS channel using class II bits shall be measured. All frequencies at which the RBER exceeds the value of Table 9 shall be recorded.

NOTE: The methodology for the measurement of BER is described in Annex A.2.7. Table 10: Level of interfering signal for blocking Frequency of interfering signal Level dBm 0 - 13 - 23 fo is the frequency of the wanted signal Level (dBV emf) (113) (100) (90)

868.8 MHz or less 935.2 MHz or greater 870 MHz to (fo - 800 kHz) (fo + 800 kHz) to 935 MHz (fo - 600 kHz and (fo + 600 kHz)

Spurious response j) This test shall be performed at all frequencies which have been recorded at step h). The interfering signal shall be unmodulated, and shall have a level of -43 dBm (70 dBV emf). The RBER for TCH/FS channel using class II bits shall be measured. Requirements

k) 4.2.3

For step i) (blocking), the recorded frequencies shall meet all of the following requirements: For measurement frequencies which are 45 MHz or less from the wanted signal, the total number does not exceed six. For measurement frequencies which are 45 MHz or less from the wanted signal, no more than three are consecutive.

Page 28 MPT 1378 Part 1: 1999

For measurement frequencies which are more than 45 MHz from the wanted signal, the total number does not exceed twenty four. For measurement frequencies which are more than 45 MHz below the wanted signal, no more than three are consecutive. For step k) (spurious responses), the RBER shall never exceed the value given in Table 9. 4.3 4.3.1 Intermodulation rejection Definition

The intermodulation rejection is a measure of the linearity of the receiver RF parts. It expresses the capability of the receiver to receive a wanted modulated signal without exceeding a given degradation due to the presence of two or more unwanted signals with a specific frequency relationship to the wanted signal frequency. For the worst case the third order intermodulation rejection should be regarded only. For further information see recommendation GSM 05.05. 4.3.2 Method of Measurement

If SFH is supported by the BSS, it shall be disabled during this measurement. The measurement is performed only under static conditions for the TCH/FS using class II bits. The measurement shall be performed for the radio frequency channels B, M and T and until all the RF equipment in the BSS configuration has been tested on all 3 frequencies. Three signal generators shall be applied to the receiver via a combining network. The first signal generator is an unwanted signal and shall be adjusted to a frequency separated by 8 channel separations above the wanted signal frequency and shall be continuous and modulated by a pseudo-random bit sequence with a periodicity greater than or equal to 511 bits. The second generator is also an unwanted signal and shall be unmodulated. It shall be adjusted to a frequency separated by 4 channel separations above the wanted signal frequency. The third signal is the wanted signal and shall be modulated with another pseudo-random bitstream. The various signals are illustrated in figure 5. The wanted signal shall have a power level of -101 dBm (12 dBV emf). The two unwanted signal generators shall have the same power level being -49 dBm (64 dBV emf). The RBER of the TCH/FS class II bits shall then be measured. The measurement shall be repeated with the unwanted signal frequencies below the carrier of the wanted signal.

Page 29 MPT 1378 Part 1:1999

64 Interferer Interferer

Wanted Signal 12

Intermodulation component

f0

f0 + 800 kHz

f0 + 1600 kHz

Figure 5: 4.3.3 Requirements

Example of RX intermodulation rejection

The error performance in table 9 shall always be met. 4.4 4.4.1 Spurious emissions from the receiver antenna connector Definitions

Spurious emissions are emissions at frequencies other than those of the carrier, sidebands and adjacent channels associated with normal modulation and switching covered in 3.4. This test measures conducted spurious emissions from the BSS receiver antenna connector. For further information see Recommendation GSM 05.05. 4.4.2 Method of Measurement

Spurious emissions shall be measured as in section 3.5 (spurious emissions from the BSS transmitters), but with the BCCH carrier switched off and no signals applied to the BSS receivers and with a resolution bandwidth of 100 kHz. The BSS shall be operated in Slow Frequency Hopping (SFH) mode, if applicable. The radio frequency channels B, M and T shall be allocated to the BSS. If no SFH is supported by the BSS, each of these frequencies shall be tested in turn. If SFH is supported, the BSS shall hop on these 3 frequencies. The test shall be repeated until all the RF equipment in the BSS configuration is tested on all the 3 frequencies. 4.4.3 Requirements

The measured power shall not exceed the levels in Table 11 under normal test conditions.

Page 30 MPT 1378 Part 1: 1999

Table 11: Maximum level of RX spurious emissions

Frequency Band

Maximum Level

9 kHz - 1000 MHz 1000 MHz - 12.75 GHz

- 57 dBm - 47 dBm

Page 31 MPT 1378 Part 1:1999

ANNEX A :

DUPLEX OPERATION

If the equipment is designed for duplex operation, additional testing may be required in order to ensure satisfactory operation. If additional testing is required, the following measurements may be carried out with the duplex filter fitted. A.1 A.1.1 Receiver desensitisation with simultaneous transmission and reception Definition

The desensitisation is the degradation of the sensitivity of the receiver resulting from the transfer of power from the transmitter to the receiver due to coupling effects. It is expressed as the difference in dB of the reference sensitivity levels with simultaneous transmission and without. A.1.2 Method of measurement

The transmitter and the receiver are connected to the duplex filter, the antenna terminals being connected to an artificial load through a coupling device. Where the equipment does not include a duplex filter, the transmitter shall be connected to the input of the receiver via a 30 dB attenuator. The transmitter shall be modulated by a pseudo random bit sequence with a periodicity greater than or equal to 511 bits. The receiver sensitivity is then measured in accordance with subclause 4.1. The test signal input level under these conditions is the reference sensitivity for simultaneous transmission and reception. A.1.3 Requirements

The desensitisation is expressed as the difference in dB of the reference sensitivity levels with simultaneous transmission and without. The desensitisation shall not exceed 3dB. A.2 A.2.1 Receiver spurious response rejection Definition

The spurious response rejection is a measure of the capability of a BSS receiver to withstand the presence of a high level signal without degradation of the receiver performance.

Page 32 MPT 1378 Part 1: 1999

A.2.2

Method of measurement

When carrying out this measurement care must be taken to avoid power from the transmitter entering the signal generators and causing their outputs to contain intermodulation products. The receiver spurious response rejection is measured in accordance with subclause 4.2, with the equipment arranged as in subclause 5.1.2, except that the transmitter shall be unmodulated. A.2.3 Requirements

At any frequency separated from the nominal frequency of the receiver by more than one channel spacing, the spurious response rejection shall be in accordance with subclause 4.2.3.

Page 33 MPT 1378 Part 1:1999

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Page 34 MPT 1378 Part 1: 1999

ANNEX B:
B.1

REFERENCE TEST METHODS

Test conditions

Tests shall be made under normal test conditions (subclause B.1.2) and also, where stated, under extreme test conditions (subclauses B.1.3.1 and B.1.3.2 applied simultaneously). The test conditions and procedures shall be as specified in subclauses B.1 to B.3. The requirements in this section apply to any BSS type or a part of a BSS. B.1.1 Power sources and ambient temperatures

During tests the power source of the equipment shall be replaced by a test power source, capable of producing normal and extreme test voltages as specified in clause A.1.2 and A.1.3.2. The internal impedance of the test power source shall be low enough for its effect on the test results to be negligible. For the purpose of tests, the voltage of the power source shall be measured at the input terminals of the equipment. If the equipment is provided with a permanently connected power cable, the test voltage shall be that measured at the point of connection of the power cable to the equipment. During tests the power source voltages shall be maintained within a tolerance of +/- 3% relative to the voltage at the beginning of each test. B.1.2 Normal test conditions

The normal temperature and humidity conditions for tests shall be any convenient combination of temperature and humidity within the following ranges defined in IEC 68-1: Temperature Relative humidity +15 C to +35 C 20% to 75%

The normal test voltage for equipment shall be the nominal voltage. NOTE: The normal test conditions defined above is one single test condition conveniently chosen in the given range in order to ease the testing. B.1.3 B.1.3.1 Extreme test conditions Extreme temperatures

For tests at extreme temperatures measurements shall be made in accordance with the procedures specified in clause B.1.4 at an upper temperature of 55C and at a lower temperature of -10C. B.1.3.2 B.1.3.2.1 Extreme conditions of the power source Mains voltage

The extreme test voltage for equipment to be connected to an AC mains source shall be the nominal mains voltage 10%. The frequency of the test power source shall be between 49 and 51 Hz. B.1.3.2.2 Regulated lead acid battery power source

When the equipment is intended for operation from the usual types of regulated lead acid battery power source of vehicles, the extreme test voltage shall be 1.3 and 0.9 times the nominal voltage of the battery.

Page 35 MPT 1378 Part 1:1999

B.1.3.2.3

Other power sources

For equipment using other power sources, or capable of being operated from a variety of power sources, the extreme test voltages shall be those agreed between the equipment manufacturer and the testing authority and shall be recorded in the test report. B.1.4 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures

Before measurements are made the equipment shall have reached thermal balance in the test chamber. The equipment shall be in continuous operation (transmit and receive conditions). If the thermal balance is not checked by measurements, a temperature stabilizing period of at least one hour or such period as may be decided by the testing authority shall be allowed. The sequence of measurements shall be chosen, and the humidity content in the test chamber shall be controlled so that excessive condensation does not occur. Before tests at the upper temperature the equipment shall be switched on to receive conditions and placed in the test chamber and left until thermal balance is attained. The equipment shall then be switched on in the transmit conditions for a period of one hour after which the equipment shall meet the specified requirements. For tests at the lower temperature the equipment shall be left in the test chamber until thermal balance is attained, then switched to the receive condition for a period of one minute after which the equipment shall meet the specified requirements. B.2 B.2.1 General test conditions Arrangements for test signals applied to the receiver input

The sources of test signal for application to the receiver input shall be connected in such way that the source impedance presented to the receiver input is 50 Ohms (non-reactive). This requirement shall be met irrespective of whether one or more signals are applied to the receiver simultaneously. The levels of the test signals shall be expressed in terms dBm at the receiver input terminals (RF-socket). The effect of any intermodulation products and noise produced in the signal generators should be negligible. B.2.2 Arrangements for test loads applied to the transmitter output. Tests on the transmitter shall be carried out with a 50 Ohm non-reactive non-radiating load connected to the antenna socket. Tests on the transmitter requiring the use of a test fixture shall be carried out with a 50 Ohms non-reactive load connected to the test fixture terminals. The Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) shall be less than 1.2. B.2.3 Arrangement for test signals at the line input of the transmitting unit

The transmitter signal shall be supplied by the measuring equipment connected to the line input. The nominal impedance of the line input circuit is defined by CCITT G.703. B.2.4 Arrangement for test signals at the line output of the receiving unit

A measuring equipment connected to line output of the receiving unit shall be able to verify the output signal. The nominal impedance of the line output circuit is defined by CCITT G.703. B.2.5 Test site and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields

The test site shall be on a reasonable level surface or ground. At one point on the site a ground plane of at least 5 metres diameter shall be provided. In the middle of this ground plane a support capable of rotation through 360 degrees in the horizontal plane shall be used to support the test sample at 1.5 metres above the ground plane using a non-conducting support.

Page 36 MPT 1378 Part 1: 1999

The test site shall be large enough to allow the erection of a measuring or transmitting antenna at a distance of at least 5 metres. Sufficient precautions shall be taken to ensure that reflections from extraneous objects adjacent to the site and ground reflections do not degrade the measurement results. The test antenna is used to detect the radiation from both the test sample and the substitution antenna, when the site is used for radiation measurements. Where necessary substitution antenna is used as a transmitting antenna, when the site is used for the measurement of receiver characteristics. This antenna is mounted on a support such as to allow the antenna to be used in either the horizontal or vertical polarisation and for the height of its metres. Preferably test antennas with pronounced directivity should be used. The site of the test antenna along the measurement axis shall not exceed 20% of the measuring distance. For radiation measurements the test antenna is connected to a test receiver capable of being tuned to any frequency under investigation and of measuring accurately the relative levels of signals at its input. When necessary (for receiver measurements) the test receiver is replaced by a signal source. The substitution antenna shall be a half-wave dipole, resonant at the frequency under consideration, or a shortened dipole, calibrated to the half-wave dipole. The centre of this antenna shall coincide with the reference point of the test sample it has replaced. This reference point shall be the volume centre of the sample when its antenna is mounted inside the cabinet, or the point where an external antenna is connected to the cabinet. The distance between the lower extremity of the dipole and the ground shall be at least 30 cm. The substitution antenna shall be connected to a calibrated signal generator when the site is used for radiation measurements and to a calibrated measuring receiver when the site is used for measurements of receiver characteristics. The signal generator and the receiver shall be operating at the frequencies under investigation and shall be connected to the antenna through suitable matching and balancing network. For guidance for use of the radiation test sites see Annex C. B.2.6 Anechoic shielded chamber

As an alternative to the above mentioned test site an indoor test site, preferably being a well-shielded anechoic chamber simulating free space environment may be used. If such a chamber is used, this shall be recorded in the test report. The measurement site may be an electrically shielded anechoic chamber being typically 10 m long, 5 m broad and 5 m high. Walls and ceiling should be coated with RF absorbers of 1 m height. The ground should be covered with absorbing material 1 m thick able to carry test equipment and operators. A measuring distance of 3 to 5 m in the long middle axis of the chamber can be used for measurements up to at least 10 GHz. The construction of the anechoic chamber is described in recommendation GSM 11.10 appendix B. The test antenna, test receiver, substitution antenna and calibrated signal generator are used in a way similar to that of the general method. In the range between 30 MHz and 100 MHz some additional calibration may be necessary. B.3 * * * * * * Accepted uncertainty of measurement equipment D.C. voltage A.C. mains voltage A.C. mains frequency Radio frequency Radio frequency voltage Radio frequency power

+/- 1 % +/- 1 % +/- 0.5 % +/- 20 Hz +/- 0.5 dB +/- 0.5 dB

Page 37 MPT 1378 Part 1:1999

* * *

Radio frequency carrier power Impedance of artificial loads, combining units, cable, plugs, attenuators, etc. Source impedance of generators and input impedance of measuring receivers Attenuation by attenuators Temperature Humidity

+/- 10 % +/- 5 % +/- 5 %

* * *

+/- 0.5 dB +/- 1 C +/- 5 %

B.4

Testing of statistical parameters

TEXT TO BE TAKEN FROM GSM 11.20 ANNEX A1.4.

ANNEX C:

GUIDANCE FOR THE USE OF RADIATION TEST SITES

For measurements involving the use of radiated fields, use may be made of a test site in conformity with the requirements of subclause B.2.5. When using such a test site, the following conditions should be observed to ensure consistency of measuring results. C.1 Measuring distance

Evidence indicates that the measuring distance is not critical and does not significantly affect the measuring results, provided that the distance is not less than /2 at the frequency of measurement, and the precautions described in this Annex are observed. Measuring distances of 3 m, 5 m, 10 m and 30 m are in common use in the CEPT countries. C.2 Test antenna

Different types of test antenna may be used, since in performing substitution measurements, calibration errors of the test antenna do not affect the measuring results. Height variation of the test antenna over a range of 1-4 metres is essential in order to find the point at which the radiation is a maximum. Height variation of the test antenna may not be necessary at the lower frequencies below about 100 MHz. C.3 Substitution antenna

Variations in the measuring results may occur with the use of different types of substitution antenna at the lower frequencies below about 80 MHz. Where a shortened dipole antenna is used at these frequencies, details of the type of antenna used should be included with the results of the tests carried out on the site. C.4 Artificial antenna

The dimension of the artificial antenna used during case radiation measurements should be small in relation to the sample under test. Where possible, a direct connection should be used between the artificial antenna and the test sample. In cases where it is necessary to use a connecting cable, means should be taken to reduce the radiation from this cable by, for example, the use of ferrite cores. C.5 Auxiliary cables

The position of auxiliary cables (power supply etc.) which are not adequately decoupled may cause variations in the measuring results. In order to get reproducible results, cables and wires of auxiliaries are mounted vertically downwards (through a hole in the isolating table).