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The ASSURE Model The ASSURE Model

(From Instructional Media and Technologies for Learning by Heinich, Molenda, Russell, Smaldino, 1999) Analyze learners State objectives Select instructional methods, media, and materials Utilize media and materials Require learner participation Evaluate and revise The ASSURE model is an ISD (Instructional Systems Design) process that was modified to be used by teachers in the regular classroom The ISD process is one in which teachers and trainers can use to design and develop the most appropriate learning environment for their students. You can use this process in writing your lesson plans and in improving teaching and learning. The ASSURE model incorporates Robert Gagne's events of instruction to assure effective use of media in instruction. Analyze learners Before you can begin, you must know your target audience (your students). You need to write down the following information about your students: General characteristics - grade, age, ethnic group, sex, mental, emotional, physical, or social problems, socioeconomic level, and so on. Specific entry competencies - prior knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Learning styles - verbal, logical, visual, musical, structured, and so on. State objectives Once you know your students, you can begin writing the objectives of your lesson. Objectives are the learning outcomes, that is, what will the student get out of the lesson? The ABCD's of writing objectives are:

Audience (who are your students?) Behavior to be demonstrated Conditions under which the behavior will be observed Degree to which the learned skills are to be mastered.

Example: Fifth grade social studies students (Audience) will be able to name at least 90% (Degree) of the state capitols (Behavior) when given a list of states (Condition). Select instructional methods, media, and materials

Once you know your students and have a clear idea of what they should get out of the lesson, then you are ready to select the:

Instructional method that you feel is most appropriate to meet the objectives for these particular students. Media that would be best suited to work with your instructional method, the objectives, and your students. Media could be text, still images, video, audio, and computer multimedia. Materials that provide your students with the help they need in mastering the objectives. Materials might be purchased and used as is or they might need some modifications. You can also design and create your own materials for the students to use. Materials would be specific software programs, music, videotapes, images, but would also be equipment, i.e., overhead projector, computer, printer, scanner, TV, laserdisk player, VCR, and so on.

Utilize media and materials Now it's time to do your lesson and use the media and materials that you have selected. You should always preview the materials before using them in a class and you should also use the equipment in advance to be sure it works and you know how to use it. If you use electronic equipment, don't assume that everything will work. Be sure to have a plan B. Hardware and software are created by humans. Humans make mistakes and so software has mistakes in it. Hardware can malfunction. Don't get discouraged if technology lets you down. Make sure that your instructional materials are suitable and working the best you can and then use it in the classroom. Require learner participation Remember, students learn best when they are actively involved in the learning. The passive learner has more trouble learning whatever we try to pour into his/her brain. Whatever your teaching strategy, you can incorporate questions and answers, discussions, group work, hands-on activities, and other ways of getting students actively involved in the learning of the content. It is up to you, the teacher, to make sure that all your students have opportunities to participate in the learning activities in the unit plan. Avoid lecturing for an entire hour. Listen to your students and allow them to become aware of the content. Allow them to learn as opposed to trying to "teach" them. Evaluate and revise This last stage is often neglected but it is the most important one. Anyone can develop a lesson and deliver it, but really good teachers must reflect upon the lesson, the stated objectives, the instructional strategy, the instructional materials, and the assessment and determine if these elements of the lesson were effective or if one or more of them need to be changed the next time the lesson is done. Sometimes a lesson may seem like it would be great, at least on paper. But then when you actually teach the lesson with a specific set of students, you might discover there were several things that did not seem to work. Your expectations might be too high or too low. The materials used might not have been appropriate for the grade level or the material might not be very motivating. The instructional strategy might not have got students interesting in participation or the strategy might have been difficult for you to manage. The assessment you used might have shown that students didn't learn what you tested for. This might mean that you did not accurately test for the stated

objectives, the method of assessment needs to be revised, or the lesson did not permit enough time for the students to master the objectives. You are not a bad teacher if a lesson does not work. You are a bad teacher if you don't reflect upon your lessons and work on revising elements of the lesson until your students become successful learners.

State Objectives Statements describing what the learner will do as a result of instruction. Things to keep in mind as you write your objectives are: Focus on the learner, not the teacher Use behaviors that reflect real world concerns

Objectives are descriptions of the learning outcomes and are written using the ABCD format. Audience: Who is the audience? Specifies the learner(s) for whom the objective is intended. Behavior: What do you want them to do? The behavior or capability needs to be demonstrated as learner performance, an observable, measurable behavior, or a real-world skill. Use an action verb from the helpful verbs list if you have difficulty doing this. Condition: Under what circumstances or conditions are the learners to demonstrate the skill being taught? Be sure to include equipment, tools, aids, or references the learner may or may not use, and/or special environmental conditions in which the learner has to perform. Degree: How well do you want them to demonstrate their mastery? Degree to which the new skill must be mastered or the criterion for acceptable performance (include time limit, range of accuracy, proportion of correct responses required, and/or qualitative standards.) Examples of Objective Statements: The Drama I class will be able to identify and draw stage directions using pencils and rulers with 100% accuracy. (Or) The kindergarten class will identify the colors, red, green, and blue using blocks 9 out of 10 tries. (Or) The Tenth grade English class will identify and discuss the effects of symbolism in the short story "Young Goodman Brown" using their text, Paper, and Pen in one hour. Use as many objective statements needed in order to meet the different objectives for the lesson. Use the following questions to assess objectives. Does the objective allow you to do the following with your lesson? 1. Identify what the expectations are for the learner 2. Identify the necessary requirements for the learning environment 3. Assess learning 4. Determine needs for appropriate media or materials How would you classify your objective? Is the learning outcome primarily:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Cognitive? Affective? Psychomotor / Motor Skill? Interpersonal? Intrapersonal?

ASSURE Model Based on Gagne's Events of Instruction The ASSURE model is helpful for designing courses using different kinds of media. This model assumes that instruction will not be delivered using lecture/text book only. It allows for the possibility of incorporating out-of-class resources and technology into the course materials. This model will be especially helpful for instructors designing online courses.

http://www.mscd.edu/~act2/courseconstruct/assure.html VIDEOS http://clifmims.wetpaint.com/page/Lesson+Plan+Models

Assignment rubric ASSURE Model Rubric CATEGORY Unsatisfactory Progressing Analyze learners Not completed 1 Few leaner characteristics are included. Proficient 2 Most learners characteristics are included, but some key information is missing. 2 Benchmarks are provided, but key information is missing. Distinguished 4 Learners are described including grade, demographics, learning styles, and background knowledge, etc. 3 Michigan and/or national standards include behavior to be demonstrated; conditions under which behavior will be observed; degree to which learned skills are to be mastered.

State Not completed benchmarks and standards

1 Benchmarks are included but rudimentary/not defined (too many).

Select Not completed instructional methods, media, and materials

1 Inappropriate technology is included and/or no explanation is provided.

2 Appropriate technology is included, but not described well.

4 Appropriate technology hardware/software is fully integrated. Media implementation is described and an explanation for included Technology Standards (NETS) how media helps to meet objectives is provided. 4 Evaluation of student meeting objectives of NETS is included and complete. 2 Individual and small/large group activities are planned and the lesson incorporates collaboration and/or cooperative learning. 2 Criteria for measuring the effectiveness of the lesson are clearly explained. 4 Criteria for success are clearly stated in the form of a rubric. Criteria include qualitative as well as quantitative descriptors. The evaluation instrument clearly measures what students must know and be able to do to accomplish the task. SeeCreating a Rubric and, you

Utilize media and materials

Not completed 1 Evaulation of technology use is poorly written and inadequate.

2 A technology evaluation is included, but is not sufficient to fulfill lesson objectives. 1 Individual OR group activities are planned, but end product is not generated by collaboration. 1 Criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of the lesson are partially explained. 2 Criteria for success are at least partially described.

Require Not completed Individual learner acquisition of participation lesson information.

Evaluate and revise

Not completed 0 Criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of the lesson are poorly explained.

Assessment Not completed 1 Criteria for success are barely described.

could use Rubistar.

Clarity of the lesson

Not completed 0 Lesson process is not clearly stated. Teachers would not know exactly what they were supposed to do just from reading this lesson plan.

1 Some directions are given, but there is missing information. Teachers might be confused.

2 Every step is clearly stated. Most teachers would know exactly where they are at each step of the lesson and know what to do next.

www.myteacherpages.com/webpages/mkiva/university.cfm?subpage=1114844

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