PRELIM HSC SENIOR SCIENCE

STUDY NOTES Topic 4:

Humans at Work

1. Outlin r asons !or t" OH &S sa! t# act $%%% To account !or t" incr asin& amount o! in'uri s in t" (orkplac To nsur t" sa! t# o! ) r# mplo# (it"in NSW To tak pr ) ntati) actions to nsur no on in t" (orkplac is in'ur *.

D !in a "a+ar* in t" (orkplac : , "a+ar* is an#t"in& ("ic" "as t" pot ntial to "arm li! , p"#sicall#, m ntall# an* sociall#. - # actions !or a sa! (orkplac : - Spot t" "a+ar* - ,ss ss t" risk - Mak t" c"an& . ,ss ss pot ntial sourc s o! risk in t" ar a in t rms o! p"#sical , c" mical an* .iolo&ical . Man# o! t" (orkplac "a+ar*s ar alr a*# i* nti!i * as it" r, p"#sical, c" mical an* .iolo&ical. P"#sical: ,n#t"in& ("ic" "as t" pot ntial to "arm/caus in'ur# p"#sicall#. T"is ma# inclu* " a)# li!tin&, causin& strains to #our .ack. C" mical: Corrosi) !um s, c" mical spills. /iolo&ical: T"is ma# inclu* , 0posur to *is as s lik " patitis an* m nin&ococcal. I* nti!# "a+ar*s in t" (orkplac t"at incr as t" risk o! in'ur# . T" "a+ar*s in t" (orkplac ("ic" "a) t" pot ntial to "arm , or incr as t" risk o! in'ur# ar : - /iolo&ical - C" mical - P"#sical

,ss ss t" impact o! incr as * un* rstan*in& o! t" structur an* !unction o! t" .o*# on incr as * a(ar n ss o! sa! t# on t" (orkplac . Structur an* !unction o! t" .o*#: - /ack, caus s o! .ack pain ma# inclu* , li!tin& " a)# o.' cts or RSI. - Start o! sport s ason, an* t" str tc"in& o! t n*ons, li&am nts an* muscl s. - Han*, us * to op rat t" scr ( *ri) r Incr as * a(ar n ss o! t" s in'uri s: - In or* r to incr as a(ar n ss in t" (orkplac a.out .ack in'uri s, post rs (it" instructions on t" m "a) . n impl m nt *. - ,s a r sult o! str tc"in&, t" r "as . n a * cr asin& amount o! sports in'uri s. - In or* r to o) rcom r p titi) strain in'ur# in t" "an*, *u to incr as * a(ar n ss !rom mplo# s as ( ll as mplo# rs, instructions "a) . n issu * to *istin&uis" t" (a# in ("ic" a scr ( *ri) r s"oul* . us *. ,nal#+ in!ormation to outlin "o( incr as s in un* rstan*in& a.out t" structur an* !unction o! t" "uman .o*# "a) impact * o! sa! t# practic s . T" .ack is us * constantl# (" n li!tin& " a)# o.' cts. Ho( ) r, r c ntl# t"is "as impact * on sa! t# practic s . caus stu*i s "a) s"o(n t"at t" .ack s"oul* not . us * (" n li!tin&, t" l &s s"oul* . us *. T"is "as also impact * on (orkplac practic s . caus o! t" OH&S act. T" OH&S also outlin s t" !act t"at mplo# rs "a) *ut# o! car o) r t" ir mplo# s, an* t" conc pt o! usin& t" l &s s"oul* also . n!orc * in t" (orkplac . RESPIR,TION R spiration: r spiration us s t" r action . t( n o0#& n an* !oo* to slo(l# con) rt stor * n r&# into !orms t"at can . us * .# t" c ll !or acti)iti s suc" as &ro(t" an* * ) lopm nt. ,ccount !or t" moist linin& o! t" lun&s in t rms o! t" n * to *issol) o0#& n so it can *i!!us t"rou&" to t" .loo* . T" int rnal linin& o! t" "uman lun&s pro)i* s a lar& moist sur!ac ar a ("ic" allo(s 0c"an& o! t" &as s o0#& n an* car.on *io0i* . T"is lar& sur!ac ar a is pro)i* * .# tin# air sacks call * al) oli. O0#& n must *i!!us t"rou&" t" c lls in t" al) oli (alls an* t" (alls o! t" capillar# .loo* ) ss l . !or it can com into contact (it" t" .loo*. O0#& n must *issol) in (at r . !or it can *i!!us into .loo* c lls.

W" n t" o0#& n *issol) s, it m ts (it" a r * pi&m nt call * " mo&lo.in, in t" r * .loo* c lls, to . transport * aroun* t" .o*#. W" n t"is o0#& nat * .loo* mo) s aroun* t" .o*#, t" o0#& n is r l as * !rom t" " mo&lo.in an* *i!!us s into c lls ("ic" "a) a lo( r conc ntration o! o0#& n.

Outlin t" purpos o! mucous pro*uction an* t" rol o! cilia on pit" lial tissu in t" lun&s . Sp cial m c"anisms prot ct t" (arm sur!ac s in our air(a#s !rom in)asions. Mucous m m.ran s: Lin t" na)al passa& s, trac" as, .ronc"i an* al) oli. T" t"ick stick# mucous t"at is ass rt * can trap *usts an* .act ria. Cilia: ,r tin# "airs t"at pro' ct !rom t" c lls linin& in t" air(a#s an* t" r spirator# s#st m.

On r spirator# con*ition caus * .# n)ironm ntal !actors . Dis as : ,s. stosis Caus s: In"alation o! as. stos !i.r s. E!! ct on r spirator# s#st m: ,l) oli . com in!lam *, an* al) oli scarrin& occurs. S#mptoms: Som o! t" si&ns an* s#mptoms o! as. stosis inclu* : S"ortn ss o! .r at", initiall# onl# (it" 0 rtion, .ut ) ntuall# ) n ("il r stin& D cr as * tol ranc !or p"#sical acti)it# Cou&"in& C" st pain 1in& r clu..in& in som cas s Pr ) ntion: R *ucin& t" l ) l o! 0posur to as. stos is t" . st pr ) ntion a&ainst as. stosis. Curr nt *ir ction !or r s arc": OH&S acts "a) a**r ss * t" issu , an* it is no( ill &al to r mo) as. stos (it"out pro! ssionals . in& pr s nt.

Outlin t" !! ct o! c"ronic lun& tissu :

0posur

to in"al * soli*s on

H#*ro& n c#ani* : In"i.its t" action o! cilia. ,s": Cau&"t in t" linin& o! t" .ronc"iol s Tar: Canc r causin& compon nts Car.on Dio0i* : Com.in s (it" " mo&lo.in to !orm car.o0# " mo&lo.in. Car.on Dio0i* r *uc s t" amount o! o0#& n carr#in& a.ilit# to t" .loo*. Nitro& n Dio0i* : in!lam s t" .ronc"iol s. ,mmonia: Dissol) s in t" !lui* o! t" lun&s to !orm ammonium "#*ro0i* . Outlin t" structur an* !unction o! parts o! t" # : Con'uncti)a : T" la# r o! skin ("ic" prot cts t" corn a. Corn a : Continuation o! t" scl ra, .ut is transpar nt, an* l ts li&"t t"rou&" into t" pupil. R tina : Contains sp cial t#p s o! n r) n*in&s: - Ro*s: us * as ni&"t )ision, pick up .lack an* ("it s"a* s. 1$2million o! t" m in ac" # . - Con s: t"r t#p s o! con s, *as", .lu -&r n an* # llo(, ("ic" pick up *i!! r nt (a) l n&t"s. T ar *ucts : S cr t t ars ("ic" prot ct t" # !rom *r#in& out, an* also !rom !in *ust particl s. E# li* : Prot cts t" # !rom *irt, *ust an* 0c ss li&"t an* lar& r air .ourn particl s. Was" s t ars across t" corn a. Muscl s mo)in& t" # .all : t" sol purpos o! t" s muscl s is to mo) t" # .all, si* to si* , up an* *o(n, an* ) n *ia&onall#. I* nti!# t"at # pro*uc s t ars as prot cti) compon nt . T ars k p t" # !rom *r#in& out. T" # also (as" a(a# !in *ust an* *irt particl s ("ic" com into t" # . Dama& to t" # : Sportin& in'uri s : I! a !ast mo)in& .all "its t" # , it ma# * tac" t" corn a, r tina, cataracts an* ruptur t" # .all. Workplac : Caus s o! in'ur# in t" (orkplac ma# . *u to, m c"anical, c" mical or ra*iation in'uri s.

E# 0 rcis s : E# 0 rcis s ar ss ntial . caus i! #ou star !or lon& p rio*s o! tim at a !i0 * o.' ct, #ou ma# su!! r !rom )isual .lur, or )isual !ati&u .