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06
Shooting Method
for Ordinary Differential Equations
1. learn the shooting method algorithm to solve boundary value problems, and
2. apply shooting method to solve boundary value problems.
08.06.1
08.06.2 Chapter 08.06
dυ
(0) = 0 (2a,b)
dx
as it is a cantilevered beam at x = 0 . These conditions are initial conditions as they are given
at an initial point, x = 0 , so that we can find the deflection along the length of the beam.
Now consider a similar beam problem, where the beam is simply supported on the
two ends
υ
q
To find the deflection υ as a function of x due to the uniform load q , the ordinary
differential equation that needs to be solved is
d 2υ qx
2
= (x − L ) (3)
dx 2 EI
Two conditions are needed to solve the problem, and those are
υ (0 ) = 0
υ (L ) = 0 (4a,b)
as it is a simply supported beam at x = 0 and x = L . These conditions are boundary
conditions as they are given at the two boundaries, x = 0 and x = L .
∈t / r =b = 0.00038462 (6ab)
b
a
at the maximum needed pressure. Since the radial displacement and tangential strain are
related simply by
u
∈t = , (7)
r
then
u r =a = 0.00077462 × 5 = 0.0038731' '
u r =b = 0.00038462 × 8 = 0.0030770' ' (8)
Starting with the ordinary differential equation
d 2u 1 du u
+ − = 0, u (5) = 0.0038731, u (8) = 0.0030770
dr 2 r dr r 2
Let
du
=w (9)
dr
Then
dw 1 u
+ w− 2 = 0 (10)
dr r r
giving us two first order differential equations as
du
= w, u (5) = 0.0038731"
dr
dw w u
= − + 2 , w(5) = not known (11a,b)
dr r r
Let us assume
w(5) =
du
(5) ≈ u (8) − u (5) = −0.00026538
dr 8−5
Set up the initial value problem.
du
= w = f1 (r , u , w), u (5) = 0.0038731"
dr
08.06.4 Chapter 08.06
dw w u
= − + 2 = f 2 (r , u, w), w(5) = −0.00026538 (12a,b)
dr r r
Using Euler’s method,
u i +1 = u i + f1 (ri , u i , wi )h
wi +1 = wi + f 2 (ri , u i , wi )h (13a,b)
Let us consider 4 segments between the two boundaries, r = 5" and r = 8" , then
8−5
h= = 0.75"
4
i = 0, r0 = 5, u0 = 0.0038731", w0 = −0.00026538
u1 = u 0 + f 1 (r0 , u 0 , w0 )h
= 0.0038371 + f1 (5,0.0038371,−0.00026538)(0.75)
= 0.0038371 + (− 0.00026538 )(0.75)
= 0.0036741"
w1 = w0 + f 2 (r0 , u 0 , w0 )h
= −0.00026538 + f 2 (5,0.0038731,−0.00026538)(0.75)
⎛ − 0.00026538 0.0038731 ⎞
= −0.00026538 + ⎜ − + ⎟(0.75)
⎝ 5 52 ⎠
= −0.00010938
i = 1, r1 = r0 + h = 5 + 0.75 = 5.75",
u1 = 0.0036741", w1 = −0.00010940
u 2 = u1 + f1 (r1 , u1 , w1 )h
= 0.0036741 + f1 (5.75,0.0036741,−0.00010938 )(0.75)
= 0.0036741 + (− 0.00010938 )(0.75)
= 0.0035920 ″
w2 = w1 + f 2 (r1 , u1 , w1 )h
= −0.00010938 + f 2 (5.75,0.0036741,−0.00010938 )(0.75)
= −0.00010938 + (0.00013015 )(0.75)
= −0.000011769
Can we use the results obtained from the two previous iterations to get a better estimate of
du
the assumed initial condition of (5) ? One method is to use linear interpolation on the
dr
du
obtained data for the two assumed values of (5) .
dr
With
du
(5) ≈ −0.00026538,
dr
we obtained
08.06.6 Chapter 08.06
4.0E-03
du/dr = -0.00026538
3.8E-03
Radial Displacement, u (in)
3.6E-03
Exact
3.4E-03
du/d r= -0.00048611
3.2E-03
du/dr = -0.00053076
3.0E-03
5 6 7 8
Radial Location, r (in)
Table 1 shows the comparison of the results obtained using Euler’s, Runge-Kutta and exact
methods.