Explanation of Channel Elements Mapping and Efficiency

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Oct. 17, 2007

Explanation of Channel Elements Mapping and Efficiency

1. Channel Element definition

Since the CE is the unit to be used for dimensioning and network growth forecast, the CE definition is key to better understand each vendors advantages in terms of network resources and their associated costs. As Huaweis definition, one Channel Element is A Channel Element is the base band resource required in the Node-B to provide capacity for one voice channel, including control plane signaling, compressed mode, transmit diversity and softer handover. All channel elements are pooled in all sectors and carriers in one NodeB. Huawei BBU with EBC card supports 6 cells and provides 384 channel elements in uplink and 512 channel elements in downlink. Two cascaded BBUs support 12 cells and more channel elements can be provided. The capacity is thus expanded. Huawei Node B supports the asymmetric up-link and down-link resource allocation. The base band resources are pooled within the group and the flexibility is maintained by having downlink and uplink on separate units. Huawei supports flexible baseband capacity expansion with the step of 16 CE both uplink and downlink. Extra capacity is added by license keys and/or by adding more boards up to maximum capacity.

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Explanation of Channel Elements Mapping and Efficiency

2. Base Band board implementation

The following picture shows a logical view of the hardware implementation in the Base band board. The hardware includes sets of DSP and ASIC chipsets to perform the processing of BB resources. In Huawei earlier products most of the processing was done in the DSP, while the current base band units have moved most of the processing into the ASIC chipset, therefore increasing the performance and efficiency in the base band processing. The NodeB logical base band units are shown in the figure below, which includes the following main functions. (1) Demodulator ASIC : Implement UL chip rate processing (2) Decode DSP: Implement UL symbol rate processing (3) Encode and modulator ASIC: Implement DL chip rate and symbol processing

CCH Demodulator Decode DSP

ASIC ASIC

DSP

DCH Demodulator ASIC ASIC DSP

Iub

Uplink Process Unit

RF

Encode and Modulator

ASIC ASIC
Downlink Process Unit

DSP

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Explanation of Channel Elements Mapping and Efficiency

3. NodeB Base Band processing

The following picture shows the Base band processing function blocks. The following functions are included: The mapping and de-mapping of physical channels and transport channels; Multiplexing and de-multiplexing; Channel coding and decoding; Spreading and de-spreading; Modulation and demodulation; Physical layer procedures and Physical layer measurements.

RACH FP

RACH Decoder

RACH Demodulator RAKE Searcher

Preamble Detection

UL

DCH FP

DCH Decoder

DMUX

Cell Combiner

DCH Demodulator RAKE Searcher

DL

As can bee seen from the previous figure, the Uplink requires more processing resources therefore consuming more CE per type of bearer service. For the Uplink service processing, demodulation unit is implemented in the ASIC unit, and decode unit is implement in the DSP, while for the downlink service processing, spreading and encode unit are implement in ASIC.

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Explanation of Channel Elements Mapping and Efficiency The Uplink process is more difficult and therefore need more units for the processing. So the Uplink CE consumption has two separate resources, demodulation CE consumption (for RL) and decodes CE consumption (for RLS). Demodulator ASIC implement UL chip rate processing. Decode DSP implement UL symbol rate processing. ASIC resource ensures the CE map 1:2:4:8. The resource bottleneck is Decode DSP, usually we define CE Consumption as that for the decode CE Consumption. So the CE map is 1:2:4:8. In the following table, we show the baseband resources (CE) mapped to the corresponding Spread Factor (SF), Chip rate process (demodulation), and symbol rate process (decoding). Column CE map shows the number of CEs consumed per service in the UL and DL directions.
UL Chip rate SF AMR12.2k CS64k PS64 PS128 PS384 SF64 SF16 SF16 SF8 SF4 1 2 2 4 8 symbol rate 1 3 3 5 10 CE map 1 3 3 5 10 SF SF128 SF32 SF32 SF16 SF8 Chip rate 1 2 2 4 8 DL symbol rate 1 2 2 4 8 CE map 1 2 2 4 8

process process

process process

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Explanation of Channel Elements Mapping and Efficiency

4. Measure CE efficiency
The exact channel elements consumption for each type of bearer can be tested and monitored through O&M monitor. The bandwidth can be found in the following attachment Bandwidth and DL throughput.txt.

Bandwidth and DL throughput

Some of the information abstracted from the above attachment is listed below. It is clear that the bandwidth is allocated 128kbps. Time 2007-10-18 18:00:02(08) 2007-10-18 18:00:02(58) 2007-10-18 18:00:03(08) 2007-10-18 18:00:03(58) 2007-10-18 18:00:04(09) TrchId 5 5 5 5 5 DLThroughput 134400 134400 134400 134400 134400 Bandwidth 128000 128000 128000 128000 128000

The following two figures show the test result for the channel elements consumption both in uplink and downlink for the bearer of 128kbps. The figure below presents the consumed uplink channel elements for a 128kbps bearer.

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Explanation of Channel Elements Mapping and Efficiency

Used

Uplink

Channel

Elements for the bearer of

It is clear that the channel elements are 5 in uplink for the bearer of 128kbps. It should be noted that in the above figure the used UL RLS CE number means the Base Band resource required considering the resource consumption in ASIC chipset and the DSP. The figure below presents the consumed downlink channel elements for a 128kbps bearer.

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Explanation of Channel Elements Mapping and Efficiency

Used

Downlink

Channel

Elements for the bearer of

It is clear that the channel elements are 4 in downlink for the bearer of 128kbps. Base on the above measurement it is obvious that, for 128kbps bearer, 5 channel elements are consumed in uplink and 4 channel elements in downlink. For all the other bearers, the similar measurements can be implemented and it can be monitored through the Local

Maintenance Terminal.

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