stimulus is relayed from the site of stimulation to the central nervous system ST.

Paul University Quezon City TYPES OF PAIN Acute pain - this can be intense and shortlived. Acute pain may be an indication of an injury. When the injury heals the pain usually goes away. Chronic pain - this sensation lasts much longer than acute pain. Chronic pain can be mild or intense (severe).Pain Scale Pain is a warning sensation to your brain that some type of stimulus is causing or may cause damage, and you should probably do something about it. Pain - is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage WONG-BAKER FACES PAIN SCALE

Pain Management Noninvasive Non-Drug Exercise - physical exertion with the aim of increasing strength, increasing flexibility, and restoring normal motion. Manual techniques - manipulation of affected areas by applying force to the joints, muscles, and ligament. Cognitive therapy involves teaching the patient to alleviate back pain by means of relaxation techniques, coping techniques and other methods. Superficial heating or cooling of skin These pain management methods include cold packs and hot packs.

Pain: The Fifth Vital Sign

Noninvasive Pharmacologic

NUMERIC PAIN SCALE

Analgesics - or pain medications, including acetaminophen. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) - includes aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen and COX-2 inhibitors. Muscle relaxants - used to treat muscle spasms due to pain and protective mechanisms.

Pain perception, or nociception (from the Latin word for "hurt"), is the process by which a painful

MENARCHE first menstrual period.

IT HAPPENS BECAUSE Primary dysmenorrhea is caused by excessive levels of prostaglandins, hormones that make your uterus contract during menstruation and childbirth. Its pain probably results from contractions of your uterus that occur when the blood supply to its lining (endometrium) is reduced. Things to do to ease or prevent having menstrual cramps.

Dos and Donts When You have Menstrual Period After the first period, females always have their period. False. Menstruation varies until a regular pattern starts. Some people are never regular. The average cycle is 28 days. Not having a period some months is common among teenagers. True, each woman's cycle is different. Nutrition can affect the length of time between periods. True. Stress can affect the length between periods. True Females always get cramps during their periods. False, Some females may experience cramps during their period and some may not Females who are menstruating cannot exercise (including swimming) until it is over. False, it is possible to exercise when menstruating including swimming.

- It usually starts sometime between ages 11 and 14. But it can happen as early as age 9 or as late as 15. - is a sign you are growing up and becoming a woman. Along with starting your period, your body is changing. You've begun to develop breasts, pubic hair, and underarm hair. And your hips have begun to widen.

1. Eat fish, chicken, vegetables and

DYSMENORRHEA can be literally translated as "difficult monthly flow." Although it's normal for most women to have mild abdominal cramps on the first day or two of their period, about 10% of women experience severe pain. fruits along with rice.

2. Cut down the intake of salt, sweet

and spicy foods.

3. Avoid intake of tea, coffee, coke,

chocolate, cold water etc during periods

4. .Avoid taking pain killers on empty

stomach

TYPES OF DYSMENORRHEA Primary dysmenorrhea is more likely to affect girls during adolescence. Fortunately for many women, the problem eases as they mature. Secondary dysmenorrhea is menstrual pain that is generally related to some kind of gynecologic disorder.

5. Exercise