Variables related to popular topics in !"#$!

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These are for guidance only, not necessarily used when answering questions. Remember, find the variables (what is changed, what is observed and what is kept the same) in questions based on the %eywords& graph& table or pictures....

Plants

What is changed (MV) air water fertilizer / nutrient sunlight space respond to stimuli

What is observed (RV) size height condition- healthy / unhealthy / wilted / die number of leaves size of stem move towards stimuli

Animal

What is changed (MV) food water air shelter mate types

What is observed (RV) size weight condition- live or die number productivity ways to reproduce ways to protect

Microorganisms breathes

What is changed (MV) amount of yeast presence of air presence of water

What is observed (RV) size of dough height of dough condition of dough

Microorganisms grows (mould on bread)

What is changed (MV) amount of water presence of water

What is observed (RV) condition of bread (rotten/ mouldy) number/size of blac% spot / patches

Rusting

What is changed (MV) presence of air presence of water type of ob'ect

What is observed (RV) condition of ob'ect (nail)rusting / not rusting)

Electricity

What is changed (MV) number of batteries number of bulb type of circuit- series or parallel arrangement of bulb type of material ( conductor or insulator

What is observed (RV) brightness of bulb condition of bulb ( light up/ not light up ability to conduct electricity

Acid n Alkali

What is changed (MV) type of substance/ solution taste of substance/ solution

What is observed (RV) changes of litmus paper color

Water absorption (sponge / clothes

What is changed (MV) thic%ness of clothes/sponge size of sponge type of ob'ect

What is observed (RV) ability absorb water volume of water absorb / left

Spring / String / Pendulum What is changed (MV) weight / mass of load size of load What is observed (RV) length of spring number of swing

eat

What is changed (MV) time ta%en amount of heat absorb volume of water type of ob'ectconductor or insulator size of ice cube

What is observed (RV) temperature of ob'ect / water time ta%en for water to boil time ta%en for water to melt

!ight n Shadow

What is changed (MV) distance between ob'ect and torchlight distance between ob'ect and screen position of torchlight / ob'ect type of material ( transparent& opa)ue& translucent

What is observed (RV) size of shadow height of shadow shape of shadow presence of shadow

E"aporation

What is changed (MV) surface area of container temperature size of container

What is observed (RV) rate of evaporation time ta%en to dry volume of water left in container

#ood preser"ation

What is changed (MV) type / method of preservation presence of air presence of water

What is observed (RV) condition of food time ta%en for food to spoilt

#riction

What is changed (MV) type of surface coarseness of surface weight of ob'ect height of plan%

What is observed (RV) distance traveled by ob'ect time ta%en by ob'ect to stop

Speed $
%istance / &ime What is changed (MV) type of vehicle What is observed (RV) speed of ob'ect distance traveled time ta%en to travel

Solar System' planet

What is changed (MV) distance of planet from un size / diameter of planet size of orbit

What is observed (RV) time ta%en to move around un temperature of planet

Phases o( the Moon

What is changed (MV) time / date position of Moon

What is observed (RV) size of Moon shape of Moon *ercentage area Moon can be seen

%ay and )ight

What is changed (MV) time position of un

What is observed (RV) length of shadow direction of shadow

Stability

What is changed (MV) base area height weight

What is observed (RV) time ta%en to fall stability of ob'ect

Strength
What is changed (MV) type of material shape of model What is observed (RV) strength ability to support

Machine ' !e"er

What is changed (MV) distance of fulcrum from load What is observed (RV) amount of force needed to lift load

Machine ' *ear

What is changed (MV) ize / +iameter of gear What is observed (RV) $umber of gear rotation

Machine ' Pulley

What is changed (MV) number of pulley What is observed (RV) amount of force needed to lift load

&echnology + &ransport/ Machine

What is changed (MV) ,ype / Mode of transport

What is observed (RV) ,ime traveled +istance traveled -orce/ energy used