INTRODUCTION

Respiration is a tool or a part of the body where it can diffuse incoming 02 and vice versa C02 can diffuse out. Respiration in animals varies from one animal to another animal, there is a form lungs, gills, skin, trachea, and lungs books, even some organisms that do not have the special tools so that oxygen diffuses directly from the environment into the body, for example, the single-celled animals, sponges, and Coelenterata. Breathing has two very different meanings: 1. breathing oxygen (O2) in matabolism carbohydrates and various other organic molecules, 2. a process that involves the exchange of O2 and CO2 between the various cells of an organism and the external environment. Most of the body's cells obtain energy from chemical reactions involving O2.Sel it should be able to eliminate the CO2 which is the main end result of oxidative metabolism. Celled organisms exchange of O2 and CO2 occurs directly with the outside environment, but it is simply not possible for most cell complex organisms such as humans and animals / livestock. Therefore, evaluation of large animals requires the development of a specific system is the system of respiration (breathing) for O2 and CO2 exchange for the animal with the surrounding environment include: the lungs, the airways to the lungs, and chest structures responsible for movement air out and into the lungs. There are five major functions of the respiratory system dais, namely: 1. Provides a surface for gas exchange between air and blood flow system. 2. As a pathway for entry and exit of air from the outside into the lungs. 3. Protect surface respiration of dehydration, temperature changes, and a variety of environmental conditions or protect the respiratory system itself and other tissues of the pathogen. 4. Source of sound production termasukuntuk speaking, singing, and other forms of communication. Facilitate detection of olfactory stimuli in the presence of a superior olfactory receptors in the nasal cavity. Respiratory System In MAMMALS . Respiration can be divided into two types, namely: 1. Respiration Beyond that is between O2 and CO2 exchange between blood and air.

2. Respiration in which an exchange of O2 and CO2 from the bloodstream into the body's cells. In taking the breath into the body and exhale air into the breathing is done in two ways, namely: 1. Respiration / Breathing Chest - Muscle between the ribs outside contract or shrivel - The ribs were lifted to the top - Enlarged chest cavity air pressure resulting in a small chest so that the air goes into the body. 2. Respiration / Breathing Stomach - Diaphragm on the abdominal muscles to contract - Flat Diaphragm - The volume of the chest cavity becomes large resulting in air pressure in the chest so that the air Pasuk to shrink the lungs. Normally humans need about 300 liters of oxygen per day. In severe circumstances the body work needed oxygen or O2 also be multiplied times and could be up to 10 to 15 kalilipat. When oxygen penetrating the alveolar membrane, hemoglobin binds oxygen will be adjusted with a large number of small air pressure. In the arteries, can achieve the oxygen pressure of 100 mmHg with 19 cc of oxygen. Meanwhile, the pressure on the veins only 40 millimeters of mercury with 12 cc of oxygen. The oxygen that we produce in the body of approximately 200 cc in which each liter of blood can dissolve 4.3 cc of carbon dioxide / CO2. The resulting CO2 will come out of the network with the help of blood to the lungs. Respiration Chemical Process In The Human Body: Disposal of CO2 from the lungs: H + HCO3 ---> H2CO3 ---> H2 + CO2 The binding of oxygen by hemoglobin: Hb + O2 ---> HbO2 The separation of oxygen from hemoglobin into the fluid cell: HbO2 ---> Hb + O2 Transportation of carbon dioxide in the body: CO2 + H2O ---> H2 + CO2 Definition of respiration is a process from oxygen uptake, carbohydrates to energy expenditure in the body. The Man in the inhaled oxygen to breathe in the free air and disposing of carbon dioxide into the environment. Respiration can be divided into two types, namely:

 Respiration Beyond that is between O2 and CO2 exchange between blood and air. Respiration in which an exchange of O2 and CO2 from the bloodstream into the body's cells. In taking the breath into the body and exhale air into the breathing is done in two ways, namely: 1. Respiration / Breathing Chest - Muscle between the ribs outside contract or shrivel - The ribs were lifted to the top - Enlarged chest cavity air pressure resulting in a small chest so that the air goes into the body. 2. Respiration / Breathing Stomach - Diaphragm on the abdominal muscles to contract - Flat Diaphragm - The volume of the chest cavity becomes large resulting in air pressure in the chest so that the air Pasuk to shrink the lungs. Normally humans need about 300 liters of oxygen per day. In severe circumstances the body work needed oxygen or O2 also be multiplied times and could be up to 10 to 15 kalilipat. When oxygen penetrating the alveolar membrane, hemoglobin binds oxygen will be adjusted with a large number of small air pressure. In the arteries, can achieve the oxygen pressure of 100 mmHg with 19 cc of oxygen. Meanwhile, the pressure on the veins only 40 millimeters of mercury with 12 cc of oxygen. The oxygen that we produce in the body of approximately 200 cc in which each liter of blood can dissolve 4.3 cc of carbon dioxide / CO2. The resulting CO2 will come out of the network with the help of blood to the lungs. Respiration Chemical Process In The Human Body: 1. Disposal of CO2 from the lungs: H + HCO3 ---> H2CO3 ---> H2 + CO2 2. The binding of oxygen by hemoglobin: Hb + O2 ---> HbO2 3. Separation of oxygen from hemoglobin into the fluid cell: HbO2 ---> Hb + O2 4. Transport of carbon dioxide in the body: CO2 + H2O ---> H2 + CO2

Mammalian lungs are in the chest cavity, which can be raised or collapsible, so that the air can be in and out. Branching in the lungs are still having ramifications again, so that the smallest branches are no longer reinforced by

rings of cartilage and ends at the end of the dead end that serves to expand the so-called alveolar lung surface, thus increasing the possibility of an exchange of air breathing by capillaries the alveolar wall (Brotowidjoyo, 1994). Sequence course of respiration in the rabbit (Lepus nigricollis) is: 1. External nares (nostrils are outside) 2. Nasal cavity (nasal cavity) 3. Internal nares (nostrils in) 4. Pharynx (throat) 5. Larynk (Adam's apple) 6. Trachea (throat) 7. Bronchus (a branch of the trachea) 8. Bronchioles (branch of brochus) 9. Alveoli (air bags)