"Postmodern media manipulate time and space".

To what extent does this definition apply to texts you have studied? Postmodern media manipulates the constraints of time and space by the way it recontextualises texts into different genres and moods. Modernism itself was a philosophical movement in the arts that along with cultural trends and changes arose from wide-scale and far reaching transformation in western society in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Postmodernism is a late-20th-century cultural movement in the arts architecture and criticism that was a departure from modernism as well as the transition from being an industrial society to that of an information society through globali!ation of capital. Postmodern cinema is particularly prominent in the way it manipulates time and space through both visual narrative and audio aspects. "nglorious #asterds $%uentin &arantino 2009' manipulates time by the choice of soundtrac( within the film. &he )*orest +cene, in particular highlights this by the way music commonly associated with +paghetti -esterns is used to introduce a .erman solider whilst the slow motion wal(ing of said solider and the camera shots/style are further reminiscent of such films. &his transfer of music from one era to another in which the film is set is an example of addition to create bricolage as cited by postmodern theorist 0evi +trauss and such addition represents how the music used is manipulating time. Moreover "nception $1hristopher 2olan 2010' is an incredibly futuristic science fiction heist thriller but the score for the film is created from a 1930,s *rench pop song 4e 2e 5egrette 5ien by 6dith Piaf-2on. 7ans 8immer uses the song as a foundation for extrapolation by slowing the song right down in order to create a discordant unnatural sound for the film. &his manipulation of time by firstly transferring music from a different era and secondly the way the songs timings are altered by slowing it down highlights the manipulation of time in Postmodern media. Meanwhile music songs are often 9ust directly moved from one film to another. :avid #owie,s song for 1at People $Paul +chrader 19;2' an erotic horror film was used in "nglorious #asterds a more comical violent text without being altered. :espite this the postmodern manipulation of time still exists because of how films from different eras genres and moods use the same music. "n addition postmodern cinema exacerbates the manipulation of time and space through its extensive use of "ntertextual references. 5ight from the basics of the film intertextuality is (ey such as the title of the film being of direct reference to the )&he "nglorious #astards, $6n!o .. 1astellari 19<;' a war film whilst both this film and &he :irty :o!en $5obert =ldrich. 19><' relate to &arantiono,s picture by their similar plot of maveric( soldiers 9oining together opposing 2a!is. +o called intertextuality referencing to other times emphasises manipulation of time. "n terms of camerawor( the shot of +hosanna running from 7ans 0anda is a direct reference to such shot from &he +earchers $4ohn *ord 19?>'. &his shot has been recreated and copied in many films so the way it is used in films of varying eras shows the manipulation of time and space. Meanwhile the opening scene is similar to that of &he +ound of Music with the view of the landscape despite the films being from different times and alternative genres.

*urthermore a modern film li(e "nglorious #asterds doesn,t 9ust incorporate intertextual references from films but also from earlier texts. &he film is divided into chapters ma(ing it appear li(e a boo( something that is a manipulation of media format and therefore space. -hilst it begins with onscreen text saying @Ance upon a time in 2a!i occupied *ranceB giving the impression of a fairy-tale which is a manipulation of space because the film is a violent war film not a child,s fairy-tale. +uch manipulation is further emphasised by how chapter 1 in 19C1 9umps to 19CC in 1hapter 2 in this Postmodern text. -hilst "nception even references the .ree( Myth of &heseus and &he Minotaur in which a character called =riadne gives &heseus a roll of string so he can find his way out a ma!e. "n "nception =riadne is the character who creates the levels of the dreams $the architect' so here we have an intertextual reference to the Myth and the manipulation of time and space by how it was used in a futuristic film. &his 9umping of time and between dates is certainly not uncommon within postmodern cinema. -ithin "nception the different levels of the dream manipulate time for example level 1 $reality' if 10 hours long would be a wee( at level 2 > months at level 3 10 years in level C and an infinite amount of time in the ?th level. &hese different dream levels as well as the slow motion freDuently used are responsible for the manipulation of time and space in the Postmodern text. =s well 1obb starts in 0imbo and finishes in limbo showing how the time has gone full circle. +uch flashbac(s in time are used in "nglorious #asterds such as when +tiglets is introduced to the audience telling his past and when &he #ritish Public +ervice film regarding film reels is shown representing an irregular movement of time. =nother feature of Postmodern cinema is that of self-reflectivity which &arantino uses in "nglorious #asterds when +hoshanna is getting ready for the film premiere. &he camera pans over the set showing divides and ma(ing it obvious this is a film and not reality despite not always being noticed by the audience. &his manipulates space by the way that the set is shown and in a real building you wouldn,t be able to move from room to room so easily. "t is also similar to the transcending through the floorboards at the start of chapter 1 in the farm house. 7yperreality is a (ey feature of postmodern cinema and how it manipulates time and space. :espite war being a serious matter the .erman,s are portrayed as )9o(ey. &here is a great comedy value associated with the characters of 7itler and .oebbels despite their serious historical significance. &he time since the war may have produced a more light hearted approach to such a topic but the humorous portrayal of the .ermans shows the manipulation of time and it is only the films explicit violence that prevents it from becoming a 9o(e. =s well 0anda is a comical character and in the first chapter at the farm house when the farmer is smo(ing his modest pipe 0anda produces his own comically large pipe. &his element of over exaggeration is more relevant to that of a pantomime than a war film. 7ereby being li(e a pantomime the film manipulates space in terms of the genre being portrayed. =lso =ldo after being )ruffled, up in the cinema foyer his white bla!er remains immaculate as does his hair. &his shows a manipulation of time because despite only acting the 9ac(et would,ve got dirty and his hair messy. 7owever because it is a film during filming his hair would have been corrected and 9ac(et washed to preserve his pristine appearance representing how time is manipulated. Meanwhile in "nception the folding over of the buildings in Paris and the collapsing of the city into the sea display an obvious

manipulation of space because what happens is not feasibly possible in reality but the Postmodern cinema ma(es it happen. =dditionally &E advertisements represent the manipulation of time and space as well as being Postmodern. &he 1runchy 2ut advert is postmodern because it pays homage to the film Fntouchables and previously the Adessa +teps scene from #attleship Potemp(in by copying the baby falling down the steps/going down the slope falling to its fate. "t also shows irony because in the other instances the baby is the ma9or concern and so it appears in the advert until the man saves the cereal primarilyrepresenting irony. &his manipulates both time and space because of how an old blac( and white film is referenced in a modern colour &E advert as well as the manipulation of space from the text being a film to an advert. *inally Postmodern music is often seen as manipulating time and space including the .rey =lbum by :anger Mouse. &he .rey =lbum is a mashup album by :anger Mouse released in 200C. "t uses an a cappella version of rapper 4ay-8Gs &he #lac( =lbum and couples it with instrumentals created from a multitude of unauthori!ed samples from &he #eatlesG 0P &he #eatles $more commonly (nown as &he -hite =lbum'. &he .rey =lbum gained notoriety due to the response by 6M" in attempting to halt its distribution despite the fact that both 4ay-8 and +ir Paul Mc1artney said they felt fine with the pro9ect. &he mixture of two very different artists genres and eras extensively shows the manipulation of time and space within Postmodern media. Averall postmodern media wouldn,t exist in the form it does without manipulating time and space as it uses elements from modernism. -hether it be through elements of Postmodernism such as hyperrealtiy bricolage and intertextual references or through different genres such as film music and adverts. Postmodern media explicitly manipulates time and space.