Private Collections of Ancient Sculpture in Rome. I.

The Jerichau Collection (Concluded) Author(s): Thomas Davidson Source: The American Art Review, Vol. 2, No. 2 (Dec., 1880), pp. 53-57 Published by: Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20559759 . Accessed: 23/02/2014 20:31
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp

.
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.

http://www.jstor.org

This content downloaded from 188.25.69.171 on Sun, 23 Feb 2014 20:31:19 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

PRIVATE

COLLECTIONS OF

ANCIENT

SCULPTURE

IN

ROME.

I.-THE

JERICHAU COLLECTION.
(Concludedfrom page -5. I was I2.) Archaic Head of a Warrior (Fig.

FIGURES When

IN THE I first saw

ROUND. this head

so struck

with

its resemblance

5). to the

t
14g. 5.-ARCHAIC H

type of the AE:ginetangroups that I was inclined to believe it belonged to them. Everything seemed to favor the notion,- material, workmanship, expression, size. When, moreover, I reflected that these groups had been restored by Thorwaldsen. in Rome, it did not seem to me impossible that
this head dence, the it.
Fig. 5.-ARCHAIC HEAD.

had

been

abstracted, own

as

things

often I sent

are, by

some workman, of the

and head, to the

sold forty years afterwards to Mr. Jerichau. Not

however, in my groups kindly judgment, asking him to my

feeling sufficient confi

a photog'raph his opinion a letter,

along with
AEginetan He very

the necessary measurements,

are, acceded

to Dr. Brunn, in Munich, where

in regard of which by

to give me request

following is a translation:
"MUNICH, May 29th, I8Mo.

far as I am able to judge from a photograph, I am inclined to give it as my opinion that the - "DDEAR SIR, -As head in the Jerichau Collection cannot be brought into direct connection with the iEginetan groups. Even in its dimensions it seems a little larger than the heads of these, and is altogether somewhat broader and more massive. It is, however, especially in the management of the eyeball and eyelids that it seems to me to differ from them. The edges of the eyelids in the Agginetan heads are sharper and more finely cut, while the eyeballs do not project with so much roundness. It is possible that the head stands in no very remote connection with the iEginetan school. Consequently, in the schooli but it. again stands, in many ways, closely related to the Peloponnesian absence of external circumstances, e. g. certain information in regard to the place where the head was discovered, -it is very difficult to give a definite opinion. In order to do so, indeed, one would have to examine the original itself very closely, inasmuch as otherwise it is impossible to see with clearness the management of the surfaces, their relation to each other, and many other technical points. In any case, however, we have to do with a work which deserves to be studied more carefully, and it is highly desirable that the head should be withdrawn frcm its present concealment, and made accessible to scientific study. "I return you the photograph, and am yours, with the greatest respect,
"H. BRUNN."

Without

wishing

in

any

degree

to

oppose

my

judgment

to

Dr.

Brunn's,

still

cannot

help

feeling

that,

if he had

an opportunity

to examine

the head

itself,

he would

find

it more

similar

to the )E:ginetans than is shown in the photograph. Photographs, as was demonstrated some time ago in a very interesting article in the Zeitschrift fir bildende K?nst,l often materially alter the proportions of things having curved surfaces. The head in question is by no means massive, although in the photograph it seems so. No doubt, now that attention is called to it, it will be carefully studied, and its connections determined. It remains for me only to- say a few words respecting its present condition.
Vol. XL p. 75 et seq. Dr. Hermann Vogel's perspektivische Studien mit Hilfe der Photographie, by Bruno Myer.

This content downloaded from 188.25.69.171 on Sun, 23 Feb 2014 20:31:19 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

54

THE AMERICAN

ART

REVIEW. The bust, from

the back of the

The head is by no. means as perfect as might appear from the photograph.
the middle of the neck downwards, and the nose, are restored in plaster, while

head, which must from the first have consisted of a separate piece, is altogether wanting. On the top of the head there is a notch, evidently intended for fastening the bronze helmet which the warrior wore. fragment 6. Torso of Herakles, resembling tize so-called Torso of the Belvedere (Fig. 6). -This is of marble, and, including the base, measures in height 0.40 m. It represents Herakles sitting on a rock, in an attitude somewhat, though not entirely, simi lar to that of the Belvedere torso. The work, which is executed carefully and in a good style, is considerably damaged. The original head seems to have been struck off
to make and way the for a portrait left a little head, which the elbow. has also disappeared. right leg is

Both arms are broken off, the right a little below the shoul
der, above The

uninjured, while the left is broken off a little above the knee. The chief importance -of the fragment consists in this, that it
enables a manner us partially no to restore, readily almost have with certainty, of, and the mdre in one would dreamt

famous torso. That the attitude of the two figures is some what different will not seem strange to any one acquainted with ancient replicas. It is well known that Winckelmann, who wrote a rhap sody on the Belvedere torso, supposed it to represent Hera kles on Olympus resting from his labors; but this view,
though the hero Fo
Fig. 6.TORSO OF HERAKLES.

adopted

by many, on

is sitting

refuted by the fact, that is. plainly frame a bare rock, and that his whole

shows marks of intense fatigue and weariness. Heyne's view, according to which it is a replica of the Herakles Epitrapezios of Lysippos, is at variance with almost everything we know
Visconti's Hebe, was with that opinion, shown in I845, of that the torso was but part of a work in which the owner absolutely of torso. Hebe, time the. Visconti's on the left fragment may be that we the back Indeed, a work a visible chief thigh, are the in his the of held this in I793, and by Jerichau, by Flaxman, to involve It was found impossibilities.' figure wvithout in placing the back Herakles is at the a Hebe. mark that all with rough is here every the muscles of the and same the muscles a group reputation, was rested us how how simply with never against wide his of derived

respecting Herakles of impossible Jerichau which proof ground which proper up. describing

that work; was grouped we utterly even so

while with

the collection

are describing, a living model different far as of to from

to group went

another

in a position laid the that plainly

sculpture

representing but which grouped from it. the It

foundation upon that to our have

of his well-earned the Belvedere was once this grouping something aid, been, may showing and yet have been

the Herakles shows

for insisting comes restoration

the mark hand, with we not have raised.

guesses

respecting

and naturally right

difficulty

cleared

Whatever on the off arm Female

Herakles rock of which in our Bust,

doing

it seems the thigh spoken.2 Whether artistic

evident by

left he held a club, which did not, however, stand against his thigh, as has been supposed, but
rested breaking the right 7. A almost has fragment horizontally, left the suffices and was mark to show (Fig. that connected of which it was a puntello, remains hand of view, the point rough What

a cup, as some have thought, cannot be determined.

possibly an Areemis 7.) -From a purely
1Vid. Overbeck, 2 It is probable

Gesch. der ?riech. Plastik, Vol. II. p. 291 (2d edit.), that the left arm, with the club and the was puntello,

and M?ller, Handbuch, p. 684, ? 3. formed of a separate piece.

This content downloaded from 188.25.69.171 on Sun, 23 Feb 2014 20:31:19 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

THE AMERICAN
is perhaps the and finest almost piece in the collection.

ART REVIEW.
It is

55

of marble, about life-size, of beautiful, simple work

manship, Only of a enough The garment fell in folds from the left shoulder. and the face wears an ex head is slightly bowed, free from mannerism. entirely the bust remains to show that

pression of
which in a knot, lectual in front

tender, pensive
the head falls and down and

nobility.
ripples,

The
behind.

hair,
The

lies round

in long

is bound

in a tress the into a two sort

linewhich it makes with the low, broad, but intel

brow, form still more curls, which of crescent, themselves

remind us forcibly of the Pourtales Apollo head, now in the British Museum.' Indeed, altogether,
the head the same of which relation we to are that speaking as seems to bear of Ver the Artemis

sailles bears to the Apollo of the Belvedere. 8. Hermes Clitionios (Fig. 8). -This figure,
which hands, very number. these, lacks excellent of the little more about than I m., statues, in a It the head of and a the not large (?). Fig. 7'.- HEAD OF ARTEMIS of is in height and of is one copies tomb in fair, but

workmanship. well-known

seemingly, the island

more or less exact, of a Praxitelean original. Of

finest, found

Andros, is in the National Museum at Athens; the best known is the so-called Antinoos of the Vatican, which, however, is much inferior to the other.2 Though I. hardly think that the name Hermes Chthonios has pre viously been given to these statues, I have little doubt that this is their proper appellation, and that they all originally stood upon tombs. As this is a somewhat bold assertion, it may be necessary to give my grounds
for it. That souls of men Hermes was to Hades, or guide 4vXo7rowt7ro's, is too well to known of the require

19

more than mention. That he was regarded as, in some sense, the messenger of the dead, is not so well under stood. 'And yet this fact is clear from numerous allu sions in ancient. authors. In the opening lines of the Cho,phoroiof )Eschylos, we find Orestes praying to him in these terms: "Hermes of the under-world, who be holdest even the deepest mysteries3 of thy father's king
thee, my doms, be, I beseech an outcast, have come to this
1

savior land,

and and

helper. upon

For

I,

this grave

of Fine Arts, There is a cast of this head Museum in the Boston 116. 2 One may the casts of the of this by comparing himself easily convince two now The of Fine Arts. Museum side by side in the Boston standing to of the Vatican of the British Museum and the Hermes belong Meleager the same series. 3 An 4ir6irT7}s of ?iroirrevcoy here. is the proper meaning This, I believe, was a person initiated class of the Eleusinian into the third or highest mys teries. Vid. Lobeck, ?glaophamus, page 39. No.

Fig. 8.-HERMES CHTHONIOS.

This content downloaded from 188.25.69.171 on Sun, 23 Feb 2014 20:31:19 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

56

THE AMERICAN

ART

REVIEW.

mound I call upon my father to list, to hear." 1 And, farther on (lines I24 sqq.), when Elektra comes to the tomb, she prays thus: "Herald supreme of all above and all below, Hermes of the under-world, succor me with a message of assurance that the powers beneath the earth, guardians of the bonds of home and kin, and Earth herself, that bringeth forth all things, and, after she hath nursed them to maturity, again conceiveth of them, hear my prayers; and I, -pouring out these drink-offerings to the dead, will lift up my voice, and say, 'Father, have
compassion on me and on dear Orestes, that we may yet possess homes and power therein;' "2

It would hie easy to multiply citations;

was back made at a tomb, suppliant Hermes was to the the assurance that

but these two will

to to report it had been it was there heard.

suffice to show that, when a prayer

spirit, and to bring the I have no doubt that, when

appealed

it to the departed

Clzoiphoroi was, acted, the tomb of Agamemnon

Hermes their Troad quoted piety, Chthonios prayers. a Herme on the top or (X. and side, and us that that Pausanias of Hermes, (Jiep'l I2. 6) tells

appeared with
stood by

a statue, or rather Herme, of

and of Elektra the And of addressed in the the tomb epitaph. of the time Sibyl

to it that Orestes

-that the

fact was II.

mentioned I6. 127), month

in her speaking at

Theopompos, person's the simple new moon,

by Porphyry says: "At

a'7roXS E,av%XJ, he sacrifices seasons the proper

a certain

every

crowning with garlands and cleaning the Hermes and the Hekate, and the other sacred monu ments of his family." Lobeck (Ag/aophamus, ioo6-7), commenting on this passage, says:
"Hence private it is evident rites performed that the worship of Hermes and I have Chthonios no doubt and that of Hekate of formed these part of the to ancestors, the statues two divinities

were anciently nothing but sepulchral cippi, placed on the tombs of ancestors, of rudeworkman ship, and with no other distinction except that those belonging to men's tombs had the phallus, while those on women's tombs showed certain marks of female organization." That, after the
Hermes statues any by. type was of the god attributes altered seems and most settled by Praxiteles, It appears tomb was the old Hermae that at first the copy made was should this to stand; have but given copied place without and to reasonable. facts has in the no of type was

reference certain

whatever

to the person recalling

on whose

that, by

life or character attribute but

finally,

the head such

were added, and, of the deceased Hermes The Andros a portrait. nor has the one of which we whatever, Antinoos and
Aigion,

are speaking; stump Meleager

and a late

the Vatican head

at

has

beside the a female I am they

him

the the

a palm-tree, has head. that a boar's

found

the symbol

of a successful a dog,
and

athlete;
has

marking
now

hunter;
a

copy,

in Athens,

portrait somewhat believe tombs.

Along both

with

this

last was and figure

found that

figure, to upon in the

resembling Very similar

the so-called represent is the Hekate, female

Pudicitia.

inclined stood

recently-found

columbarium by the Tiber, and now in the Tiberine Museum. beautiful little 9. Statuette of Hekate (?). (Fig. 9.) -This
figure left reason It would but (0.70 than m. with has been that base), which lacks to be coiling head, up on that right the on arm, and hand, considered a serpent inclined to make a Hygieia, assertion for no other left knee. the point;

it has more

be unsafe

a positive

I am much

to believe

it is a Hekate,

erorTE6wv KpacT77, 'Ep,u7 X0ov6e, irarp' T' atcrovdvw, /.LO b,XaX6 aTcLrp 7VOLJ -yo IKwO yap cis y' 7irXv& KacLKaLrepXo.Lat. 740%ov 5' @t 6X0w rcj86 K1lp6T9CT 7raTrpt KXtMLV,dKOUJat. 2 Kipvt Fig. 9.HEKATE (?). dpitov, rWV &VP TE K7CZ KaKTh, ALyEwrTE J C'fIos, K. T. X 'EpUi X06PLE, Kl)p6tas

This content downloaded from 188.25.69.171 on Sun, 23 Feb 2014 20:31:19 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

THE AMERICAN ARTREVIEW.

one of whose attributes was the serpent. Such small figures were objects of do mestic worship, as may be seen from many passages in ancient authors. The divinity, whatever her name
may rock, be, and is seated on a is clothed in the
?\ \N\ ?

57

(N?

' N

4/)

ii 'j?

long chiton and himation. The former garment, which is fastened on the right
shoulder so as to show the

)7,/K4 ?
(I?

?\- N.

1<

flesh underneath, is easily distinguishable from the other by its finer texture.
The the the The serpent, rock knee original times and of struck whose coiling the head off in order head up was in is on

??KN

III

broken off, is climbing up

goddess. ap an
Fig. II.-FE1?IALE FIGURE.

? :; 64j;?j? I

parently cient way

to make head.

for a portrait both legs,

/ I
Fig. io. -ARTEMIS.

io. Artem is (Fig.

and is, as it now stands, 0.95

io).-The
head m. has

figure, which
been broken It

lacks both arms

off and replaced, short in the

and whose

in height.

is clothed

diploidion, which falls in graceful folds almost to the knee. quiver strap passes over the right shoulder and under the left arm, leaving no doubt that the figure represents the huntress Artemis. The whole attitude and the expression are youthful, and remind us of one of the most beautiful of the Tanagra figurines. ii. Sitting Female Figure (Fig. ii). -This fragment, which lacks the head, both arms, and both feet, is seated in a chair, and clothed in double chiton. It is 0.5I m. in height, and is of somewhat archaistic work. The attitude reminds us a little of that of the Athena of Eudoios, but the ab sence of the .E;gis shows us that it is not an Athena. The head evidently
shared the same fate as that of No. 9.
Fi. 12 ATEA

The

12-15. Male Torsos of beautiful work, but too fragmentary to admit of identification. No. i2 probably represents an athlete. No. I5 has the head restored. No illustrations are given of these torsos, as they can be ade quately represented by photography only.
I6. Atheneia (Fig. I2). -This figure, of which the head and arms are

restored in imitation of the Athena of the Capitol, reminds us strongly of that statue, which, however, differs from it in having the right, instead of
the left leg There
exceeded valuable to be

forward.

It pieces
of which

is o.6S

m.

in height, collection
article,

and well

of good

workmanship. of description;
said advantage enough acquire,

are other
the limits

in this

deserving
have might perhaps with

but,
to

as
call

I have
attention leave

a magazine some connections. of

and

already
to them

collection, treated in

our

museums

I will

other

THOMAS

DAVIDSON.

This content downloaded from 188.25.69.171 on Sun, 23 Feb 2014 20:31:19 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions