IX.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS

ETIOLOGICAL FACTOR: Bacterial infection PREDISPOSING FACTOR: Age (Infant, Adult) Poor Sanitation Poor Hygiene Diet

Ingestion of contaminated foods Entry of large amount of pathogen in GIT Exposure of pathogens to gastric acid

Circulation of Toxins in the body Recognition of toxins in the body

Intraluminal pressure of intestines

Perforating

Activity organism to digestive food Production of gas by product

Consumption of nutrients by pathogens Cellular deprivation of nutrients

of intestinal lining

Compres sion of nerve endings

Rapture of capillaries

Pain

Excess gas formation

Cellular starvation

Hunger Bleeding Melena Flatulence

Weakness

Histamine release

Prostaglandin

Release of pyrogen Irritation of hypothalamus Alteration of thermoregulation Fever

Peristaltic movement Abdominal pain Frequency of defecation Water absorption Fluid loss Dehydration Urine output Poor skin turgor Sunken eyeball

Watery stool

Thirst

Dry mucous membrane