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Alloy Grade
Density (g=cm3)
TRS (psi) TRS Tensile Impact UTS (psi) YS (psi) Elongation (%) Impact Energy (ft-lb f) Hardness (HRC)
FL-4205 6.72 6.78 6.72 190,100 129,700 <1 6.0 28.9
6.95 6.97 6.95 (232,000) 150,700 <1 (9.0) 34.8
7.17 7.15 7.17 270,100 179,600 159,400 <1 10.5 40.5
FL-4405 6.76 6.75 6.75 185,900 121,900 <1 6.3 28.2
7.00 6.94 6.94 227,100 155,900 <1 8.7 35.0
7.29 7.31 7.31 299,700 202,200 <1 13.2 41.4
FL-4605 6.61 6.73 6.61 168,700 125,000 <1 5.7 27.6
6.95 6.96 6.95 (240,000) 147,900 <1 (8.5) 33.5
7.17 7.19 7.17 280,600 175,300 <1 11.5 37.8
FL-4205 1.5 Ni 6.70 6.72 6.72 177,100 115,100 <1 7.0 31.6
7.06 7.01 7.01 255,200 159,900 146,700 <1 10.2 39.7
7.32 7.33 7.33 336,000 202,600 179,900 1 17.3 45.2
Note: Values in parentheses estimated from density carbon content data.
Source: From Sanderow, H.I. and Prucher, T., Advances in Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials1994, Vol. 7, Metals
Powder Industries Federation, Princeton, NJ,
1994, pp. 355366.
Other specia l co nsideration for que nch and tempe ring P=M parts is the large amount
of surfa ce area associ ated with the porosit y. The signi ficance of this effect can be seen in
Table 13.7. A steel P=M part with a density of 6.81 g=cm 3 c ould have app roximatel y 100 times
the activ e su rface area than expecte d ba sed on part size an d loading . Thi s has important
effe cts on the unifor mity of the load, as the atmos phere composi tion wi ll have a greater
chan ge from the inlet to the exhau st. Ver y good circulati on of gases must be maintained to
achieve a higher de gree of unifor mity.
Table 13.8 lis ts a number of P =M steel alloys and their harden abilities. The harden abilities
are in term s of the depth in Jominy distance (1 =16 in.) to whi ch the Jominy bar was ha rdened
to a minimum of 65 HRA (~29.5 HRC ). The effec ts of de nsity an d alloy content can be
readil y seen .