Chapter #27: Empire and Expansion Big Picture Themes 1. The Spanish-American War saw the U.S.

. gain Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guantanomo Bay in Cuba, the Philippines, and other smaller islands. 2. The Philippines proved to be hard to handle since the Filipino people didnt want the U.S. there. They waged a guerilla war and resented American control until it was turned back over to the Philippines after WWII. 3. The U.S. managed to get an Open Door Policy with China. This opened the Asian giant to international trade. 4. Teddy Roosevelt became a vigorous president who obtained and built the Panama Canal. His Big Stick Policy toward Latin America increased Americas influence, but also increased animosity toward the U.S. Chapter #27: Identifications Richard Olney Secretary of state during the presidency of Grover Cleveland. He helped to raise the status of America in embassies around the world. Alfred Thayer Mahan Author of The Influence of Sea Power Upon History. Was the greates strategist of the nineteenth century. His book influenced countries such as Germany, Japan, and Britain. Valeriano Weyler A Spanish general and the Governer General in Cuba and the Philippines when they were colonial territory to Spain. de Lome Letter A letter in which the Spanish Prime Minister talked down to Wilson and added to the heat of the flame that were the causes of the Spanish-American War which also included yellow journalism and the U.S.S. Maine getting sunk. Emilio Aguinaldo Filipino general, politician, and independence leader, Aguinaldo was a key member of the Philippines Revolutiona and the Philippino-American War. He was eventually caught and thus ended the Philippino-American War. Jingoism An extreme type of nationalism, this aggressive foreign policy is one that makes threats against countries that block ones own countries personal interests. It is usually associated with believing ones own country is better than that of another. Teller Amendment A reply to Wilsons War Message, the Amendment called for leaving Cuba in the hands of its own people after driving off the spanish forces. This never happened. Rough Riders The first voluntary calvary unit in the Spanish American War with future president Theodore Roosevelt and Leonard Wood as its leaders. Anti-Imperialist League A group of people who were against Wilsons imperialist actions. They were headed by people who found it necessary to stray away from the other hemisphere and keep Americas interests in countries on the Western Hemisphere.

Foraker Act An act that allowed for limited citizenship to the people of Puerto Rico. They would be ruled by the Supreme Court, and would also be under the rule of an elected Governer General. Insular cases A group of Supreme Court Cases that were for the concern of the status of the terriroties attained by the United States after the Spanish American War. In particular, they were mostly from Puerto Rico. Platt Amendment An amendment in the constitution of Cuba that stated that Cuba would basically be watched over by the United States. They could not make treaties that would danger the United states or incur debt that would do the same. It also called for the unrestricted use of Guantanamo Bay with US military forces. Spheres of Influence. A field in which a state or country has significant cultural, military, or political influence in terms of international affairs. This applies to significant European powers, Asian powers, and the power of the United States during this time. Philippine Insurrection Also known as the Philippino-American War, this was the uprise of the filipino people against American official with the help of their leader, Emilio Aguinaldo. The insurrection lasted for three years with the United States the victor when their forces captured Emilio Aguinaldo. Open Door Policy A policy that let all the powers of the world at the time have equal access to the riches of China and their people. Coined by senator John Hay. Boxer Rebellion A movement of pro-nationalism by the Righteous Harmony Society in China to eradicate the presence of foreigners in China who were carelessly using Chinas resources. Big Stick Policy Coming from a saying created by Theodore Roosevelt, this policy implied that the United States had to peacefully negotiate with others, while at the same time threatening them with the full force of the United States military. Roosevelt Corollary An addition to the Monroe Doctrine, this states that the United States had the right to exert military force when protecting Latin American countries from European ones. Portsmouth Conference A meeting between Russian, Japan, and the United States to end the Russo-Japanese War. It was held in the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard in Kittery, Maine. Gentlemens Agreement An informal agreement between the United States and Japan to no longer restrict the flow of Japanese people into the U.S. and for Japan to stop the flow of Japanese people to the U.S. Root-Takahira Agreement This allowed the U.S. to gain Hawaii and the Philippines and for Japan to gain Korea, Manchuria, and northeast China.

Chapter #27: Identifications America Turns Outward Know: Josiah Strong, Alfred Mahan, Richard Olney, British Guiana, Great Rapprochement 1. What factors caused America to turn its attention to the world beyond her borders?

Factors causing America to turn its attention outward was yellow journalism, outward looking politicians, and threats of enemies coming closer to America. Spurning the Hawaiian Pear Know: 2. Queen Liliuokalani Why did President Cleveland not want to annex Hawaii?

Cleveland did not want to annex Hawaii because he was convinced that the coup was not the will of the people, but of those who wanted to annex Hawaii. Cubans Rise in Revolt Know: 3. General Weyler What was happening in Cuba that caused Americans to be concerned?

Cuba was at war with Spain and if Cuba had won, it was open to be invaded by other countries that would be closer to America, thus giving them a strategic advantage if they were to attack. Dewey's May Day Victory at Manila Know: Teddy Roosevelt, George Dewey

4. Why did Commodore Dewey have such an easy victory over the Spanish fleet at the Philippines? Dewey had done so well against the Spanish in the Philippines because he attacked from China, where the Spanish were not expecting the U.S. to have a foothold. The Confused Invasion of Cuba Know: 5. Rough Riders, Teddy Roosevelt, San Juan Hill Describe the fighting in Cuba.

The fighting in Cuba was very awkward because many of the men in Cuba were not well prepared to fight in the tropical weather and so it was very hard for them to try and win in that kind of a situation. America's Course (Curse?) of Empire Know: 6. Anti-Imperialist League What were the arguments for and against the annexation of the Philippines?

America wanted the Philippines so that they could have some kind of stronghold in the general area of Asia whenever something of U.S. interest had arisen. However, there were complications because many people believed that America should not expand past its own sphere of influence and go past the Monroe Doctrine. Makers of America: The Puerto Ricans 7. How has U.S. citizenship caused Puerto Ricans to be different from other immigrants?

U.S. citizenship caused Puerto Ricans to be different from other immigrants because they were considered not a part of the U.S. but at the same time, they were a part of the U.S. Perplexities in Puerto Rico and Cuba Know: Insular Cases, General Leonard Wood, Walter Reed, Platt Amendment, Guantanamo 8. Describe American treatment of Cuba after the Spanish-American War.

America basically took Cuba and made it a colony that was under strict control of America, having to stray away from treaties that would cause harm to America and keep America, above all else, on their list of priorities. New Horizons in Two Hemispheres 9. What were the outcomes of the Spanish-American War?

America became a world renowned power and was no longer something to be ridiculed. The war also resulted in the acquisition of Cuba and Puerto Rico to America. "Little Brown Brothers" in the Philippines Know: 10. William Howard Taft, Benevolent Assimilation In what way do the Philippines show the good and bad sides of American imperialism?

American occupation of the Philippines called for better hygiene such as cleaner water and cure of yellow fever, but also called for oppression of the people who lived there. Hinging the Open Door in China Know: 11. Boxer Rebellion Was American involvement in China beneficial to China?

American involvement in China was not beneficial to China because it eventually led to the Open Door Policy that led to equal use of China for resources and labor. Makers of America: The Filipinos 12. Were Filipino immigrants welcomed with open arms in America? Explain.

Filipino immigrants were not welcomed in America due to the existing racial tensions between Spanish and Filipino people. Imperialism or Bryanism in 1900? 13. What issues were important in the 1900 election?

The issues most important in the election is what to do for America now that it had finished dealing with territories abroad.

TR: Brandisher of the Big Stick Know: 14. Big Stick, Bully Pulpit Give evidence to show that Teddy Roosevelt was an unconventional president?

Roosevelt was unconventional because he had a lot of energy and was one of very few presidents to believe that the president held the most power instead of Congress. Building the Panama Canal Know: Hay-Pauncefote Treaty, Philippe Bunau-Varilla, George Washington Goethals, William C. Gorgas 15. Why was the Panama route chosen for the canal?

Because the original route in Nicaragua was found to be dangerous due to the eruption of Mount Pel that killed close to three hundred people.

TR's Perversion of Monroe's Doctrine Know: Roosevelt Corollary, Dominican Republic, Bad Neighbor

16. Explain the similarities and differences between the Monroe Doctrine and the Roosevelt Corollary? The Monroe Doctrine and Roosevelt Corollary only called for the protection of Latin American countries from European forces. However, the Roosevelt Corollary included a threat of military action after doing so. Roosevelt on the World Stage Know: 17. Russo-Japanese War, Portsmouth How did Teddy Roosevelt win the Nobel Peace Prize?

Roosevelt helped to mediate North African disputes in the international conference in Algeciras, Spain. Japanese Laborers in California Know: Gentlemens Agreement, Great White Fleet

18. How did a school board in California act in a way that first hurt and then helped American-Japanese relations? They displaced students into other schools so that the American citizens had space to learn. This ended up keeping laborers in Japan and students in America. Varying Viewpoints: Why did America Become a World Power? 19. What caused America's foray into imperialism? Defend your opinion.

America went into imperialism due to interests of the political people who wanted to expand as well as people of big business who wanted to gain more from other countries.