MATERIAL HANDLING

In production process, raw materials are moved from stores or stockyard to first production stage; Kept there till that process is completed, stored again as work in progress to the next stage and so on till finished product reaches finished goods stores and despatched to consumer end.

Material handling includes: Moving, Packaging, toring, !f different types, shapes, volumes, nature and weights of materials. !"#ective of M$ is to optimise the movement of and choosing the most economical method in terms of volume, cost and men. %his has developed into a separate study &ifferent kinds of M$ systems have "een developed to suit ' the materials, ' area availa"le, ' loading and unloading re(uirements, ' safety precautions to "e taken, ' rate of movement, ' speed of transaction, ' nature of movement, onetime, intermittent or continuous, ' underground, on surface, overhead conveyance etc.

Principles of Material Handling ). *. +. Movement "y least permissi"le path Movement through the facility without retracting along the direction of process flow Minimum human effort in handling loading, lifting, placing and unloading ,. Maximum handling "y mechanical means, devices -. Movement "y unit load and lots of single items without chance of mixing up with other items.
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7. %ransfer from one container to another should take place only at processing stations or at holding area. ). 8oading, transfer, stacking, unloading should not cause any physical damage to the items like scratches, smudging of edges, loss of shape 6. $ot and ha9ardous and chemicals should "e isolated and moved with ade(uate clearance of pathway and care. :. /here possi"le advantage of gravity flow must "e availed. )4. ;loor contact of material should "e avoided. )). !verhead conveyor system and continuous "elt conveyor must "e used where possi"le directly over the re(uired work area. )*. Material $andling e(uipment must "e properly designed for load capacity, wear and tear, friction free movement and well maintained. )+. Periodic inspection must "e conducted on all conveyors, "elts, ropes, chains 0nd pulleys, cranes, pallets and other e(uipments. ),. .mpty returns must "e avoided. Classification of Material Handling Equipment ). *. +. ;ixed path <aria"le path 0uxiliary ;ixed path Material $andling .(uipment 3elt conveyor ). 1oller *. crew +. 3ucket ,. Pnuematic -. =ravity 7. !$% >rane ?. @i" >rane 6. Monorail :. $oist <aria"le path Material $andling .(uipment ;ork lift Platform $and stacks %ractors $and trolleys iliar! Material Handling Equipment ). Pallets *. >ontainers +. 8ift truck attachments ,. 8oaders and unloaders -. 1amps

). *. +. ,. -. Au

Material Handling and Equipment impro"es Producti"it! ). %imely movement contri"utes:

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aving in storage space 0voids accumulation of unwanted stock 0voidance of delay *. Proper movement and handling contri"ute: ' 0voidance of wastage "y damages ' Prevention of loss of shape ' Improved (uality +. 3y "ulk and unit load handling: ' >ost of material handling is reduced ' >ost of production is reduced ,. It helps even out and smoothen production -. It reduces manpower re(uired. 7. It improves safety of men, machines and materials.

&r. M K!%.. /0102

M30 II .M

P!M *4)*

$and !ut 5 6

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