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Design,Engineering,Manufacturing&Testingof BellowstypeExpansionJoints
By R.V. RAMACHANDRAN
By R.V. RAMACHANDRAN
By R.V. RAMACHANDRAN
By R.V. RAMACHANDRAN
By R.V. RAMACHANDRAN
Pitch
Depth
By R.V. RAMACHANDRAN
Codes & Standards, Pre-dominantly Followed, EJMA (Expansion Joint Manufacturers Association) ASME Sec VIII Div. 1 Appendix 26 (for Bellows Expansion Joints for Shell & Tube Heat Exchangers) ASME B31.3 (Process Piping Code) ASME B31.1 (Power Piping Code)
By R.V. RAMACHANDRAN
By R.V. RAMACHANDRAN
I 1-1
I 1-1
I 2-2
By R.V. RAMACHANDRAN
Hinge Plates: - Evaluated for longitudinally applied Tensile & Compressive loads - Shear & Bearing forces at hinge pin hole - Bending load resulting from Wind & Torsion Support Brackets / Support Rings: - Evaluated for Bending Load under both Positive Pressure and Vacuum Lugs / Lug Pads / Stiffeners: - Evaluated for Shear Load Load for Design of Hardware: Bellows full Pressure Thrust Spring Forces Additional Load Unsupported weight of connecting pipe, Weight of contained fluid under operating / testing conditions (specified by the customer) Other Loads Wind & Seismic (specified by the customer) Torsion about the longitudinal axis of the Expansion Joint
By R.V. RAMACHANDRAN
By R.V. RAMACHANDRAN
Size(NB) 2 3 4 10 12 24 26 48 50 72 Above72
Bellows type Expansion Joints can be used for applications involving vibration provided if the vibration of HIGH FREQUENCY & LOW AMPLITUDE They are not suitable if the vibration of LOW FREQUENCY & HIGH AMPLITUDE, e.g., Reciprocating Machines, Bellows type Expansion Joints are not meant to remove vibrations especially resulting from Pressure Pulses, The system designer should consider, Pulsation Dampeners so that the vibration loads are not detrimental to the function of the Bellows, When the vibration is present and frequency is known, the metal Bellows can be designed in such a way that its NATURAL FREQUENCY shall be LESS THAN 2/3 of system frequency or GREATER THAN 2 TIMES the system frequency,
By R.V. RAMACHANDRAN
COLD SPRINGING Defined as the Lateral or Angular Offset of the ends of the Expansion Joint, when installed, Cold Springing is considered to reduce the force required to deflect the Expansion Joint, the preferred amount of cold springing is 50%, In applications, where the Expansion Joint has to compensate huge lateral deflection, the angular rotation induced on the individual Bellows in the assembly is also huge leading to instability, By cold springing the Expansion Joint by 50%, at installation, the displacement of the convolution is reduced by 50%, thus the Expansion Joint will be more stable and with enhanced fatigue life.
By R.V. RAMACHANDRAN
By R.V. RAMACHANDRAN
By R.V. RAMACHANDRAN
By R.V. RAMACHANDRAN
By R.V. RAMACHANDRAN
By R.V. RAMACHANDRAN
By R.V. RAMACHANDRAN
By R.V. RAMACHANDRAN
By R.V. RAMACHANDRAN
By R.V. RAMACHANDRAN
By R.V. RAMACHANDRAN
By R.V. RAMACHANDRAN
By R.V. RAMACHANDRAN
By R.V. RAMACHANDRAN
By R.V. RAMACHANDRAN
COMPONENT - BELLOWS Preparation of Sheet Layout & Cutting Rolling of Sheet into cylinder Longseam Welding of Cylinder NDE (as required) Forming of Bellows convolutions NDE (as required) Trimming of Edges
COMPONENT-CONNECTING PIPES Preparation of Layout & Cutting Rolling into shell and longseam welding NDE (as required) Machining (wherever required) Edge Preparation (wherever required)
ASSEMBLY Fitment of Bellows element with Connecting Pipes & Welding Fitment & Welding of Other Components NDT (as required)
CLEANING Bellows element / SS Parts With Solvent / Pickling& Passivation Exposed CS Parts Blast / Power tool cleaning
PAINTING Bellows element / SS Parts Nil Exposed CS Parts Shop Primer / As required by Customer
By R.V. RAMACHANDRAN
By R.V. RAMACHANDRAN
Convolution Forming: Mandrel Forming Roll Forming / Roll Sizing Hydro Forming Elastomer Forming Welding Process: Bellows long seam Welding GTAW in Semi Automatic Fixture Bellows Edge Fusing Resistance Seam Welding / GTAW Bellows to Pipe attachment Welding Similar & Dissimilar Welding GTAW Other Carbon Steel to Carbon Steel Welding MIG / MMAW / SAW
By R.V. RAMACHANDRAN
Non Destructive Examination: Bellows Long Seam Prior to forming: 100% X Ray / 100% LPE After forming: 100% LPE Pipe Long Seam: 100% RT / 100% LPE / 100% MPI Bellows to Pipe attachment weld: 100% LPE Any other Butt Welds: 100% RT / 100% LPE Any other Fillet / Load bearing Welds: 100% LPE Leak Test: Pneumatic / Helium Leak Test (Optional) / Vacuum Pressure Test: Hydrostatic @ ambient temperature @ specified pressure Parts) Others: 100% Positive Material Identification (on Alloy Steel, Stainless Steel & High Nickel Alloy Raw Material (Check Testing, if required) Chemical Composition Mechanical: Tensile, Yield & % Elongation Intergranular Corrosion Check
By R.V. RAMACHANDRAN
By R.V. RAMACHANDRAN