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Course Code OWA333010 Developer/Modifier Liangjie/41026 Liangjie/41026 Product RNC Time 2009-10-30 2009-11-30
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HSPA+ Principle
www.huawei.com
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References
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3GPP TS 25.211: Physical channels and mapping of transport channels onto physical channels (FDD) 3GPP TS 25.212: Multiplexing and channel coding (FDD) 3GPP TS 25.213: Spreading and modulation (FDD) 3GPP TS 25.214: Physical layer procedures (FDD) 3GPP TS 25.308, "UTRA High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSPDA); Overall description" 3GPP TS 25.309: FDD Enhanced Uplink 3GPP TS 25.301: Radio Interface Protocol Architecture 3GPP TS 25.302: Services provided by the physical layer 3GPP TS 25.321: Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol specification
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Contents
1. HSPA+ Overview 2. Key Technologies of HSPA+
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Contents
1. HSPA+ Overview 2. Key Technologies of HSPA+
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HSPA+ Introduction
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HSPA refers to HSDPA and HSUPA which are introduced in 3GPP Release 5 and Release 6. It can provide significant throughput, latency, and capacity gains on the downlink and uplink, compared to Release 99.
HSPA+ (also known as HSPA evolution) is introduced in 3GPP Release 7. It is an enhancement to HSPA.
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Reduced service delay Increase peak data rates Improve spectrum efficiency Increase system capacity Reduce UE power consumption
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Release 6 (HSDPA and HSUPA) already provides highspeed wireless access to large number of users.
Use of multiple antenna techniques (MIMO) to increase peak data rate and system capacity
Higher order modulation scheme to improve downlink spectral efficiency and peak data rate
Adapt system behavior to match application requirements to reduce interference and to extend UE battery life
Expand use of high speed HS-PDSCH channel beyond DTCH and DCCH, extend it to the CELL_FACH state.
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Downlink enhanced L2 Downlink 64QAM MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) Enhanced CELL_FACH operation CPC (Continuous Packet Connectivity)
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MIMO
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MIMO increases transmission rates through space multiplexing and improves channel qualities through space diversity. The network side can dynamically select single- or dual-stream transmission according to channel conditions. The peak rate at the MAC layer can reach 28 Mbit/s.
DL 64QAM
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DL 64QAM allows the use of 64QAM in HSDPA to increase the number of bits per symbol and thus to obtain higher transmission rates. The peak rate at the MAC layer can reach 21 Mbit/s.
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Enhanced CELL_FACH operation allows the use of HSDPA technologies for the UEs in the CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH, and URA_PCH state. The purpose is to increase the peak rates in these states and reduce the signaling transmission delay during service setup or state transition with the result improving the user experience.
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DL Enhanced L2
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This feature allows Uu L2 to use flexible PDU size on RLC layer and segmentation on MAC layer. The feature prevents the L2 from becoming the bottleneck of higher Uu rate increased by MIMO and 64QAM.
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CPC allows the uplink and downlink transmissions to take place at periodic intervals. This feature reduces the transmitted power (and thus increases the UE battery life) because the UE does not have to monitor and transmit overhead channels every TTl. This reduction in the transmitted power also helps to increase the uplink capacity by decreasing the total interference. This improvement is especially significant when there are users who transmit data infrequently as VoIP users.
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Contents
1. HSPA+ Overview 2. Key Technologies of HSPA+
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Contents
2. Key Technologies of HSPA+
2.1 Downlink Enhanced L2 2.2 Downlink 64QAM 2.3 MIMO 2.4 Enhanced CELL_FACH Operation 2.5 CPC
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MIMO and 64QAM increase the DL rates on the Uu interface. The original DL L2 function cannot adapt to such high rates. To prevent L2 from becoming the bottleneck of network performance, 3GPP Release 7 introduces enhancements to L2.
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Improving the RLC entity to support flexible RLC PDU sizes Adding a new entity, the MAC-ehs, implementing data segmentation at the MAC layer, and supporting the multiplexing of multiple priority queues
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With introduction of flexible RLC PDU sizes, the RLC layer will not segment higher-layer packets with sizes less than maximum RLC PDU size (the maximum RLC PDU size is configurable and maximum value is 1500 bytes). Thus, the RLC layer can flexibly adapt to variations in traffic volume and reduce the overhead of the RLC PDU header.
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Priority Queue
Priority Queue
Priority Queue
Priority Queue
MAC
Control
HARQ entity
TFRC selection
HS-DSCH
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Priority Queue
Priority Queue
Priority Queue
MAC
Control
Segme ntation
Segme ntation
Segme ntation
HARQ entity
TFRC selection
HS-DSCH
Contents
2. Key Technologies of HSPA+
2.1 Downlink Enhanced L2 2.2 Downlink 64QAM 2.3 MIMO 2.4 Enhanced CELL_FACH Operation 2.5 CPC
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64QAM configured
CQI 1 TBS 136 Codes 1 Modula tion QPSK 16QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64-
CQI 1
25 26 27 28
10 12 15 15
25 26 27 28
10 10 12 13 14
1629 29 24222 15 Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. QAM 16-
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Release 6
Release 7
Channelization Code Set Last bit: 0:16QAM Last bit 1: 64QAM Modulation Scheme 0: QPSK 1: QAM
MUX
HS-SCCH part 1
Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
MUX
HS-SCCH part 1
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UE capability
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Service type
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Cell capability
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Contents
2. Key Technologies of HSPA+
2.1 Downlink Enhanced L2 2.2 Downlink 64QAM 2.3 MIMO 2.4 Enhanced CELL_FACH Operation 2.5 CPC
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What is MIMO?
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Transmitter
Wireless Channel
Receiver
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Transmitter
Wireless Channel
Receiver
Data Stream 1
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MIMO operation is affected by channel condition of UE. Only when the channel conditions are good, two parallel data streams can be carried in different transmitters. This is dual-stream case. Otherwise only one data stream is carried even though two transmitters are used. This is singlestream case.
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Channel Condition Preferred antenna weight Dual stream or single stream preference
Determines number of data streams, TB size, modulation and coding scheme and antenna weighting
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NodeB transmits the data via HS-PDSCH channel. Upon receiving the data, UE sends ACK/NACK via HS-DPCCH.
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Illustration of 2 2 MIMO
Pre-coding
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Pre-coding
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In single-stream case pre-coding is used to achieve transmit diversity. It is similar to closed-loop transmit diversity.
In dual-stream case pre-coding is used to reduce the interference between two streams and try to make them orthogonal.
Four predefined antenna weighting vectors are used, identified by PCI (Pre-coding Indicator). NodeB decides which weighting vector is used and inform UE.
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On each antenna, a common pilot channel is transmitted. It is used to estimate the channels between NodeB and UE. In 2!2 MIMO mode the channel between transmitter and receiver can be expressed as the following format, where hi,j is the estimate of the channel between the physical antenna i at the base station and the antenna j at the UE.
HS-DPCCH
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p
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Signaling
UE reports on HS-DPCCH
Preferred number of transport blocks
2 TBs = dual stream transmission 1 TBs = single stream transmission
Type A: provide CQI for each TB when 2 TBs are preferred Type B: provide CQI when only one TB should be sent
ACK/NACK
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If one TB was transmitted, UE sends one ACK or NACK If two TBs were transmitted, UE reports one out of four possible values for ACK/ACK, ACK/NACK, NACK/ACK, NACK/NACK Each TB is acknowledged independently.
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Two types of CQI is reported by UE: type A and type B In type A report, UE indicates:
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Preferred pre-coding vectors (2 bits) Preferred number of TBs per TTI CQI (8 bits)
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"Old# 31-level CQI report, if one TB is preferred "New# 255-level CQI report, if two TBs is preferred
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NodeB Configures UE to use N type A reports every period of M CQI reports. UE uses type B in remaining time.
Type A
Type A
Type A
Type A
Type B
Type A
Type A
Time
Time
HS-SCCH Signaling
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Part 1
Transmitted in the first slot of the 3-slot HS-SCCH TTI Supports single stream (8 bits) or dual streams (12bits) For dual stream operation (12 bits)
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Channelization code set (7 bits) Modulation Scheme and number of TBs (3 bits) Pre-coding vector (2 bits)
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HS-SCCH Signaling
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Part 2
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Supports single stream (12 bits) or dual stream (20 bits) For dual stream transmission (20 bits):
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Transport block size (6 bits per TB) HARQ IDs (4bits) Redundancy version (2 bits per TB)
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UE capability
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Service type
p
Cell capability
p
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Contents
2. Key Technologies of HSPA+
2.1 Downlink Enhanced L2 2.2 Downlink 64QAM 2.3 MIMO 2.4 Enhanced CELL_FACH Operation 2.5 CPC
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The RRC states of a UE in connected mode include CELL_DCH, CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH, and URA_PCH. HSPA significantly increases the maximum achievable uplink and downlink data rates, but only for UEs in CELL_DCH states.
The purpose of the Enhanced CELL_FACH feature is to extend the use of HSDPA function to the CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH, and URA_PCH state as well, allowing a more flexible allocation of resources, increased data rates, and reduced transmission delays. So far RAN11 only supports HSDPA in CELL_FACH.
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UL transmission is still possible in CELL_FACH and uplink traffic (data or signaling) is carried on RACH. (as in Release 6)
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FACH RAN10
HS-DSCH RAN11
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Dedicated H-RNTI (from prior dedicated RRC signaling) Or an H-RNTI selected from list of common H-RNTI in SIB5
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UE use HS-SCCH channelization code from SIB5. UE decodes HS-PDSCH to receive DL data transmissions.
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BCCH/CCCH/DTCH/DCCH
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Contents
2. Key Technologies of HSPA+
2.1 Downlink Enhanced L2 2.2 Downlink 64QAM 2.3 MIMO 2.4 Enhanced CELL_FACH Operation 2.5 CPC
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CPC Motivation
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CPC allows packet data users to remain in CELL_DCH state to a larger extent, thus avoiding frequent packet connection re-establishments.
CPC motivation is mainly to allow more efficient use of continuous packet data connections:
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What is CPC?
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UL DTX (discontinuous uplink transmission) DL DRX (discontinuous downlink reception) HS-SCCH less operation
DL DRX can be used only if UL DTX is used. HS-SCCH less operation can be used alone or in combination with other CPC features.
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UE is in CELL_DCH state. No DCH is configured. Downlink traffic is carried by HS-DSCH and uplink traffic is carried by E-DCH.
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UL DPCCH DTX
Release 6 UL DPCCH
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Y
UL DTX Configured in RRC?
Enabling_delay elapse
UL DTX Active
DTX at UE_DTX_cycle_1 (Initial state)
N
No UL DTX
Data to transmit
DTX at UE_DTX_cycle_2
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UE_DTX_cycle Last HS-DSCH activity on the downlink CQI DTX timer expires
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MAC_DTX_cycle MAC_Inactivity_Threshold
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DL DRX feature is designed to save UE battery. If UL DTX is configured, RNC can also configure DL DRX.
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When DRX is configured, RNC will send DL data (on HSSCCH and HS-PDSCH) only at pre-defined periodic intervals.
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DL DRX Activation/Deactivation
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Y
UL DTX and DL DRX Configured in RRC?
Enabling_delay elapse
DL DRX Active
NO DRX (Initial state)
N
No DL DRX
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DL DRX Operation
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If UE has not received an HS-SCCH or HS-PDSCH subframes during the last Inactivity_Threshlod_for_UE_DRX_cycle subframes, UE shall monitor HS-SCCH and HS-PDSCH every DRX_cycle frames.
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HSSCCH HS-PDSCH
UE shall monitor continuously HS-SCCH/HS-PDSCH
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There are two main RRC parameters to control E-AGCH and E-RGCH DRX: Inactivity_Threshold_for_UE_Grant_Monitoring and UE_DRX_Grant_Monitoring.
UE can avoid monitoring E-AGCH and E-RGCH channels except for the following case:
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A scheduled E-DCH transmission has been performed in any of Inactivity_Threshold_for_UE_Grant_Monitoring previous TTIs.
UE_DRX_Grant_Monitoring is TRUE and the start of E-AGCH or EAGCH transmission overlaps with an HS-SCCH subframe.
E-AGCH and E-RGCH commands overlap with an E-HICH corresponding to a scheduled E-DCH transmission.
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Under certain conditions (for example low data rate), HSPDSCH (only for first transmission) can carry data without associated HS-SCCH.
With HS-SCCH less operation, DL OVSF codes and power can be saved for low data rate downlink transmission.
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UE performs a blind decoding of HS-PDSCH, trying some predefined transport block sizes.
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first retransmission
second retransmission
ACK
HS-SCCH less Possible Possible N/A Compulsory Possible Compulsory Not supported No supported
Thank you
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