Ms.

Sofia Waleed

Superior University

Correlation
Two variables are said to be correlated if they tend to simultaneously vary in some direction. If both variables are increase (decrease) together the correlation is said to be direct or positive. If one variable is tends to increase as other variable decreases the correlation is said to be negative. There are two methods to calculate the correlation between the variables. 1 2 Pearson correlation Spearman correlation

Assumption for the Pearson Correlation:

I. The relationship between two variables is linear. II. Source on one variable are normally distributed for each value of the other variable and vice versa III. !utlier can have big effect on correlation

Assumption for Spearman Correlation:

I. "ata on both variable at least ordinal II. Source on one variable are monotonically related to the other variables. III. The relationship between two variables is not linear.

Correlation of General Health with Work Night Shift:

Interpretation of this Scatter Plot:

Scatter plots result from plotting points on a graph. #ach circle represents a participant$s score on the two variables. In which scatter plot hori%ontal e&plain wor' night sift or rotating shifts to show wor'ing position. (nd the other side shows on vertical side general heath to show health grades. (nd now we draw in this scatter plot leaner line

Ms. Sofia Waleed

Superior University

Correlation of General Health with Work Night Shift:

Interpretation of this Scatter Plot:

Scatter plots result from plotting points on a graph. #ach circle represents a participant$s score on the two variables. The pattern indicates the strength and direction of the association between the two variables. (nd this scatter plot shows liner line and liner line * S+ ,inear -../01 this scatter plot hori%ontal line shows wor' night shift or rotating shifts. (nd the vertical line of scatter plot shows general heath grads show. (nd now draw +uadratic line.

Correlation of General Health with Work Night Shift:

Ms. Sofia Waleed

Superior University

Interpretation of this Scatter Plot:

In this scatter plot shows two line vertical line and hori%ontal line. 2ertical line show general health and hori%ontal line show wor' night shift. In which scatter plot Straight line is show linear and curve line shows +uadratic. In which graph shows * s+ 3uadratic - ...45 and * s+ linear show -....) and in which +uadratic and linear difference is ...40 but it is greater than ...0 than general health and wor' night shift shows relationship 6earson. (nd in which 7o accepted and 7) re8ected.

Correlations etween General Health an! Work Night Shift:

Descriptive Statistics Mean general health work night shift or rotating shifts 7.79 1.96 Std. Deviation 1.580 .208 N 267 269

Interpretation "escripti#e Statistics:

"escriptive statistics show in which two variables first is general health shows mean is 9.9:. and std. deviation is ).0;. and number of people general health is /59.and second variable is wor' night shift or rotating shifts shows mean is ).:5 and std. deviation shows is ./.; and number of people is /5:.notice that after the descriptive statistics table there is a larger correlations table between variables general health and wor' night shift or rotating shifts. in which table number of people general health and wor' night shift difference is /.

Correlations etween $aria les:

Correlations work night shift or general health general health Pearson orrelation 1 rotating shifts !.0"5 .568 267 orrelation !.0"5 .568 265 269 265 1

Sig. #2!tailed$ N work night shift or rotating shifts Pearson

Sig. #2!tailed$ N

Ms. Sofia Waleed

Superior University

Interpretation Correlations etween General Health an! Work Night Shift:

(fter the descriptive statistics table there is a larger correlations table that shows the 6earson correlation coefficients and two tailed significance levels. These numbers are each given trice so you have to be careful in reading the matri&. It is a good idea to loo' only at the numbers above the diagonal. There are two different correlations in the table. In the last column wor' night shift correlations of other variables with general health. <ut note that the =..40 below the diagonal for general health and the correlation of wor' night shift and general health in the last column so ignore it the second time. The 6earson correlations on this table are interpreted similarly however because there are two correlations the odds are increased that one could be statistically significant.

%egression etween General Health an! Work Night Shift:

Variables Entered / Removed %aria&les Model 1 'ntered work night shift or rotating shiftsa a. *ll re+,ested varia&les entered. &. De-endent %aria&le. general health %aria&les (e)oved Method . 'nter

Interpretation of $aria les &ntere! %emo#e!:

2ariables entered removed table shows in entered variables wor' night shift or rotating shifts. (nd the second column show variables removed column is empty and the last is column shows method shows variable enter. (ll re+uested variables entered. (nd the dependent variable is general health is not shows this table. In this table indicates that we used the enter method in the calculation. If we chose a different method this bo& and the outputs would be different.
Model Summary *d/,sted ( Model 1 ( .0"5a ( S+,are .001 S+,are !.00" Std. 'rror of the 'sti)ate 1.578

a. Predi0tors. # onstant$1 work night shift or rotating shifts

Interpretation of 'o!el Summar(:

In which model summary correlation coefficient (*) is .5)5 and * s+uare is .49: and (d8usted * s+uare is =...4 and Std. #rror of the #stimate is ).09; and the ad8usted *

Ms. Sofia Waleed

Superior University

S+uare shows the variable contribution. (nd in this model summary variable contribution is =...4> and predictors in model summary are wor' night shift or rotation shifts.

Ms. Sofia Waleed

Superior University

ANOVAb Model 1 (egression (esid,al 4otal S,) of S+,ares .813 653.771 655.585 Df 1 26" 263 Mean S+,are .813 2.390 2 ."27 Sig. .568a

a. Predi0tors. # onstant$1 work night shift or rotating shifts &. De-endent %aria&le. general health

Interpretation of %egression AN)$A:

In which regression (?!2( show first column is model in which shows regression residual total. (nd second column sum of s+uares shows regression is .;)1 and residual is 501.99) and total is 500.0;0.and ne&t column shows is regression is ) residual /54 and total is /51. (nd fourth column is mean s+uare shows is regression is .;)1 and residual is /.1:.. (nd ne&t column is (f) fitness test goodness of measurable of variable is in this (?!2( .4/9 and last is significantly level of variable in which table significantly level is .05; and in which 7o accepted. In which table below shows predictors is wor' night shift or rotating shifts and dependent variable is general health.
Coefficients Standardi6ed 5nstandardi6ed Model 1 # onstant$ work night shift or rotating shifts a. De-endent %aria&le. general health 7 8."12 !.265 oeffi0ients Std. 'rror .91" .36" !.0"5 oeffi0ients 7eta t 9.100 !.572 Sig. .000 .568

Interpretation of %egression Coefficients:

Most important table is the coefficients tables. It shows the standardi%ed beta and unstandardi%ed coefficients which are interpreted much li'e correlation coefficients. (nd in which significantly level is wor' night shift is .05; greater than ...0 in which 7o accepted and 7) re8ected and in which table depended variable is shows general heath. * * + a , -

+ ./012 , 1/223-

Ms. Sofia Waleed

Superior University

Correlation etween General Health an! Current Weight:

Interpretation of Scatter Plot:

Scatter plots result from plotting points on a graph. #ach circle represents a participant$s score on the two variables. In which scatter plot hori%ontal e&plain current weight to show weight position. (nd the other side shows on vertical side general heath to show health grades and now draw on this scatter plot leaner line.

Interpretation of this Scatter Plot:

Scatter plots result from plotting points on a graph. #ach circle represents a participant$s score on the two variables. The pattern indicates the strength and direction of the association between the two variables. (nd this scatter plot shows liner line and liner line * S+ ,inear -...// this scatter plot hori%ontal line shows current weight. (nd the vertical line of scatter plot shows general heath grads show and now in this scatter plot draw +uadric line.

Ms. Sofia Waleed

Superior University

Interpretation of this Scatter Plot:

In this scatter plot shows two line vertical line and hori%ontal line. 2ertical line show general health and hori%ontal line show current weight. In which scatter plot Straight line is show linear and curve line shows +uadratic. In which graph shows * s+ 3uadratic ...4) and * s+ linear show -...// and in which +uadratic and linear is difference is ....: but it is greater than ...0 than general health and wor' night shift shows relationship 6earson. (nd in which 7o accepted and 7) re8ected.

Correlation etween General Health an! Current Weight:

Descriptive Statistics Mean general health 0,rrent weight 7.79 6."1 Std. Deviation 1.580 1."80 N 267 266

Interpretation of "escripti#e Statistics:

"escriptive statistics show in which two variables first is general health shows mean is 9.9:. (nd std. deviation is ).0;. and number of people general health is /59.and second variable is current weight shows mean is 5.4) and std. deviation shows is ).4;. and number of people is /55.notice that after the descriptive statistics table there is a larger correlations table between variables general health and current weight. In which table number of people general health and current weight difference is /.

Ms. Sofia Waleed

Superior University

Correlations general health general health Pearson orrelation Sig. #2!tailed$ N 0,rrent weight Pearson orrelation Sig. #2!tailed$ N 8. orrelation is signifi0ant at the 0.05 level #2!tailed$. 267 !.1398 .016 26" 266 1 0,rrent weight !.1398 .016 26" 1

Interpretation Correlations 4a le:

(fter the descriptive statistics table there is a larger correlations table that shows the 6earson correlation coefficients and two tailed significance levels. These numbers are each given trice so you have to be careful in reading the matri&. It is a good idea to loo' only at the numbers above the diagonal. There are two different correlations in the table. In the last column current weight correlations of other variables with general health. <ut note that the =.)1: below the diagonal for general health and the correlation of wor' night shift and general health in the last column so ignore it the second time. The 6earson correlations on this table are interpreted similarly however because there are two correlations the odds are increased that one could be statistically significant.

%egression etween General Health an! Current Weight:

Variables Entered/Removed %aria&les Model 1 'ntered 0,rrent weighta %aria&les (e)oved Method . 'nter

a. *ll re+,ested varia&les entered. &. De-endent %aria&le. general health

Interpretation of $aria le &nter %emo#e! 4a le:

This table called variable entered removed it contains four column and two rows. In the first column of this table has model the second column of this table is variable entered the third column of this variable entered removed table has variable removed and fourth one is the method the model is one variable entered is current weight variable removed column is empty and method is enter.

Ms. Sofia Waleed

Superior University

Model Summary *d/,sted ( Model 1 ( .139a ( S+,are .022 S+,are .018 Std. 'rror of the 'sti)ate 1.568

a. Predi0tors. # onstant$1 0,rrent weight

Interpretation of 'o!el Summar(

This is the model summary table it has five column and two rows the first column named model which has one the second column named (*) correlation coefficient is .)1: the third column * s+uare is ..// the fourth column of this model summary table ad8usted S+uare is ..); the fifth column of this model summary Std.#rror or the #stimated is ).05;.
ANOVAb Model 1 (egression (esid,al 4otal S,) of S+,ares 13.573 632.07" 656.636 df 1 261 262 Mean S+,are 13.573 2.360 2 5.923 Sig. .016a

a. Predi0tors. # onstant$1 0,rrent weight &. De-endent %aria&le. general health

Interpretation of AN)$A:
This is (?!2( table. It contains si& column and four rows. The first column of this table has model that is one. The regression column has value )1.091 residual has value 51/..94 total is 505.515. The second column of the (?!2( table is sum of S+uares the values of this column is regression )1.091 residual value is51/..94 and total is 505.515. The third column of this table @df@ in this "A table the regression value is ) residual value is /5) and the total of the "A column is /5/. The fourth column of this (?!2( table is Mean S+uare in the mean s+uare the value of regression is )1.091 residual value is /.15. the fifth column is A and regression value of A is 0.:/1 si&th column is sig. and regression value of significance is ..)5. In this table predictor$s variable is current variable. (nd dependent variable is general health.

).

Ms. Sofia Waleed

Superior University

Coefficientsa Standardi6ed 5nstandardi6ed Model 1 # onstant$ 0,rrent weight 7 8.862 !.171 oeffi0ients Std. 'rror .35" .070 !.139 oeffi0ients 7eta 4 19.531 !2.3"3 Sig. .000 .016

a. De-endent %aria&le. general health

Interpretation of CoefficientsB
Most important table is the coefficients tables. It shows the standardi%ed beta and unstandardi%ed coefficients which are interpreted much li'e correlation coefficients. (nd in which significantly level is wor' night shift is .05; greater than ...0 in which 7o accepted and 7) re8ected. (nd in which table depended variable is shows general heath.

Correlation etween General Health an! 5ualit( of Sleep:

Interpretation of this Scatter Plot:

Scatter plots result from plotting points on graph. #ach circle represents a participant$s score on the two variables. In which scatter plot hori%ontal e&plain +uality of sleep to show wor'ing position. (nd the other side shows on vertical side general heath to show health grades. (nd then now we draw on this scatter plot leaner line.

))

Ms. Sofia Waleed

Superior University

Interpretation of this Scatter Plot:

Scatter plots result from plotting points on a graph. #ach circle represents a participant$s score on the two variables. The pattern indicates the strength and direction of the association between the two variables. (nd this scatter plot shows liner line and liner line * S+ ,inear -...)0 this scatter plot hori%ontal line shows +uality of sleep. (nd the vertical line of scatter plot shows general heath grad shows. and in this scatter plot draw +uadric line

Interpretation of this scatter plot:

Scatter plots result from plotting points on a graph. #ach circle represents a participant$s score on the two variables. Scatter plots result from plotting points on a graph. #ach circle represents a participant$s score on the two variables. The pattern indicates the strength and direction of the association between the two variables. (nd this scatter plot shows liner line and liner line * S+ ,inear -...)0 this scatter plot hori%ontal line shows +uality of sleep. (nd the vertical line of scatter plot shows general heath grad shows. and in this scatter plot draw +uadric line )/

Ms. Sofia Waleed

Superior University

The pattern indicates the strength and direction of the association between the two variables. (nd this scatter plot shows liner line and liner line * S+ ,inear -...)0 and +uadric line is ..)0 and in which both difference is ..)40 is greater than ...0 then in which spearman show this scatter plot hori%ontal line shows +uality of sleep. (nd the vertical line of scatter plot shows general heath grades

Correlation of etween General Health an! 5ualit( Sleep:

Descriptive Statistics Mean general health +,alit9 of slee7.79 ".70 Std. Deviation 1.580 1.1"9 N 267 268

Interpretation of this "escripti#e Statistics:

"escriptive statistics show in which two variables first is general health shows mean is 9.9:. (nd std. deviation is ).0;. and number of people general health is /59.and second variable is +uality of sleep shows mean is 4.9. and std. deviation shows is ).)4: and number of people is /5;.notice that after the descriptive statistics table there is a larger correlations table between variables general health and +uality of sleep. In which table number of people general health and +uality of sleep difference is /.

)4

Ms. Sofia Waleed

Superior University

Correlations general health general health Pearson orrelation 1 +,alit9 of slee.1228 .038 267 orrelation .1228 .038 263 268 263 1

Sig. #2!tailed$ N +,alit9 of sleePearson

Sig. #2!tailed$ N 8. orrelation is signifi0ant at the 0.05 level #2!tailed$.

Interpretation of 4a le Correlations:
(fter the descriptive statistics table there is a larger correlations table that shows the 6earson correlation coefficients and two tailed significance levels. These numbers are each given trice so you have to be careful in reading the matri&. It is a good idea to loo' only at the numbers above the diagonal. There are two different correlations in the table. In the last column +uality of sleep correlations of other variables with general health. <ut note that the .)// below the diagonal for general health and the correlation of +uality of sleep and general health in the last column so ignore it the second time. The Spearman correlations on this table are interpreted similarly however because there are two correlations the odds are increased that one could be statistically significant.

%egression etween General Health an! 5ualit( of Sleep:

Variables Entered/Removedb %aria&les Model 1 'ntered +,alit9 of slee-a %aria&les (e)oved Method . 'nter

a. *ll re+,ested varia&les entered. &. De-endent %aria&le. general health

Interpretation of $aria les &ntere! %emo#e!:

This table called variable entered removed it contains four column and two rows. In the first column of this table has model the second column of this table is variable entered the third column of this variable removed and fourth one is the method the model is one variable entered is +uality of sleep variable removed column is empty and method is enter.
a. *ll re+,ested varia&les entered. &. De-endent %aria&le. general health

)1

Ms. Sofia Waleed

Superior University

Model Summary *d/,sted ( Model 1 ( .122a ( S+,are .015 S+,are .011 Std. 'rror of the 'sti)ate 1.568

a. Predi0tors. # onstant$1 +,alit9 of slee-

Interpretation of the 'o!el Summar(:

This is the model summary table it has five column and two rows the first column named model which has one the second column named (* ) correlation coefficient is . )// the third column * s+uare is ..)0 the fourth column of this model summary table (d8usted S+uare is ..)) the fifth column of this model summary Std.#rror of the #stimated is ).05;.

ANOVAb Model 1 (egression (esid,al 4otal S,) of S+,ares 9.71" 633.308 653.121 df 1 262 26" Mean S+,are 9.71" 2.360 2 ".939 Sig. .038a

a. Predi0tors. # onstant$1 +,alit9 of slee&. De-endent %aria&le. general health

Interpretation of the AN)$A

This is (?!2( table. It contains si& column and four rows. The first column of this table has model that is one. It contains regression *esidual and Total. The regression column has value :.9)4 residual has value 511.1.; total is 501.)/)..The second column of this table is @df@ in this "A table the regression value is ) residual value is /5/ and the total of the "A column is /54. The fourth column of this (?!2( table is Mean S+uare In the mean s+uare the value of regression is:.9)4 residual value is /.15. the fifth column is A and regression value of A is 4.:1: si&th column is significance. *egression value of significance is ..1;. In this table predictor$s variable is +uality of sleep. (nd dependent variable is general health.

)0

Ms. Sofia Waleed

Superior University

Coefficient
Standardi6ed 5nstandardi6ed Model 1 # onstant$ +,alit9 of sleea. De-endent %aria&le. general health 7 7.160 .170 oeffi0ients Std. 'rror .""0 .085 .122 oeffi0ients 7eta 4 21.670 1.987 Sig. .000 .038

Interpretation of CoefficientsB
This is the most important tables named coefficients tables. It shows the standardi%ed beta and unstandardi%ed coefficients which are interpreted much li'e correlation coefficients. (nd in which significantly level is +uality of sleep is ..1; less than ...0 and so in which 7o re8ected and 7) accepted. (nd in which table dependent variable shows general heath. Unstandadi%ed coefficient (<) +uality of sleep is .)9. and std.#rror is ..;0. (nd standardi%ed coefficient in which +uality of sleep is .)// and (T) in which +uality of sleep is ).:;9.

'ultiple relationships etween General Health an! Work Night Shift6 5ualit( of Sleep an! Current Weight:
Descriptive Statistics Mean general health work night shift or rotating shifts 0,rrent weight +,alit9 of slee7.78 1.96 6."0 ".70 Std. Deviation 1.581 .212 1."71 1.131 N 260 260 260 260

Interpretation of "escripti#e Statistics 4a le

In this table we will interpret all variables. The first variable is general health which is dependent variable in general health variable mean is 9.9; standard deviation is ).0;) and total number of people involve in this statistical analysis are /5.. Wor' night shift is first independent variableC mean in wor' night shift is ).:5 standard deviation is ./)/. (nd total number of people involve in this statistical analysis are /5..

)5

Ms. Sofia Waleed

Superior University

This is the second independent variable current weight mean in current weight is 5.4. standard deviation is ).49) and total number of people involve in this variable are /5.. 3uality of sleep is third independent variable mean is 4.9. standard deviation is ).)1) and total number of people involve are /5..

Correlations general work night shift health Pearson orrelation general health work night shift or rotating shifts 0,rrent weight +,alit9 of sleeSig. #1!tailed$ general health work night shift or rotating shifts 0,rrent weight +,alit9 of sleeN general health work night shift or rotating shifts 0,rrent weight +,alit9 of slee1.000 !.0"7 !.1"6 .121 . .275 .013 .026 260 260 260 260 or rotating shifts !.0"7 1.000 !.01" .111 .275 . .319 .0"7 260 260 260 260 0,rrent +,alit9

weight of slee!.1"6 !.01" 1.000 !.027 .013 .319 . .""2 260 260 260 260 .121 .111 !.027 1.000 .026 .0"7 .""2 . 260 260 260 260

Interpretation of Correlation 'atri-:

Dorrelation matri& shows first column the correlations of the other variables with general health. In which first in depended variable wor' night shift or rotating shifts is not significantly but the other two is significantly variable. The first variable wor' night shift is significantly level is ./90 but greater than ...0 this is not significant. (nd than second independent variable is current weight significant level is ..)1 but less than ...0 this is a significant. (nd the third independent variable is +uality of sleep significant level is ../5 is less than ...0 this is a significant relation. In which sig ()=taild) and in which number of people involved /5..

)9

Ms. Sofia Waleed

Superior University

Variables Entered / Removedb %aria&les Model 1 'ntered +,alit9 of slee-1 0,rrent weight1 work night shift or rotating shiftsa a. *ll re+,ested varia&les entered. &. De-endent %aria&le. general health . 'nter %aria&les (e)oved Method

Interpretation of $aria les &ntere! %emo#e!:

This table called variable entered removed it contains four column and two rows. In the first column of this table has model the second column of this table is variable entered the third column of this variable removed and fourth one is the method the model is one variable entered is independent +uality of sleep current weight wor' night shift and wor' night shift or rotating shifts variable removed column is empty and method is enter.
a. *ll re+,ested varia&les entered. &. De-endent %aria&le. general health

Model Summary *d/,sted ( Model 1 ( .187a ( S+,are .0"5 S+,are .023 Std. 'rror of the 'sti)ate 1.562

a. Predi0tors. # onstant$1 +,alit9 of slee-1 0,rrent weight1 work night shift or rotating shifts

Interpretation of 'o!el Summar(:

This is the model summary table it has five column and two rows the first column named model which has one the second column named (*) correlation coefficient is . );9 the third column * s+uare is ..40 the fourth column of this model summary table ad8usted * S+uare is ../1 the fifth column of this model summary Std. #rror of the #stimated is ).05/ in which predictor$s +uality of sleep current weight wor' night shift or rotating shifts.

);

Ms. Sofia Waleed

Superior University

ANOVAb Model 1 (egression (esid,al 4otal S,) of S+,ares 22.620 623.332 637.062 Df " 256 259 Mean S+,are 7.530 2.3"9 2 ".091 Sig. .028a

a. Predi0tors. # onstant$1 +,alit9 of slee-1 0,rrent weight1 work night shift or rotating shifts &. De-endent %aria&le. general health

Interpretation of Table (?!2(B

This is (?!2( table. It contains si& column and four rows. The first column of this table has model that is one. It contains regression *esidual and Total. The regression sum of s+uares has value //.5/. residual has this column value 5/1.11/ total is 519..5/..The third column of this table is @df@ in this "A table the regression value is 4 residual value is /05 and the total of the "A column is /5:. The fourth column of this (?!2( table is Mean S+uare In the mean s+uare the value of regression is 4..:) residual value is /.14: the fifth column is A and regression value of A is 4..:) si&th column is significance. *egression value of significance is ../;. In this table predictor$s variable is +uality of sleep. (nd dependent variable is general health.

Coefficients 5nstandardi6ed oeffi0ients Model 1 # onstant$ work night shift or rotating shifts 0,rrent weight +,alit9 of sleea. De-endent %aria&le. general health 7 8.887 !."9" !.153 .170 Std. 'rror 1.0"9 .361 .071 .086 !.05" Standardi6ed oeffi0ients 7eta t 8.557 !.852 Sig. .000 ."95 .0"1 .038

!.1"" !2.172 .12" 1.990

E E

-a

F b&

F D&/ F "&4

- ;.;;9 F (=.4:4) F (=.)01) F .)9.&4 ):

Ms. Sofia Waleed

Superior University

- ;.;;9 = .4:4

.)01 F .)9.&4

Interpretation of Coefficients:
This is the most important tables named coefficients tables. It shows the standardi%ed beta and unstandardi%ed coefficients which are interpreted much li'e correlation coefficients. (nd in which significantly level is wor' night shift is .4:0 is less than ...0 and 7o is re8ected and 7) accepted and current weight significantly level is ..4) is less than ...0 in which 7o is re8ected and 7) accepted +uality of sleep significantly level is ..1; less than ...0 and so in which 7o re8ected and 7) accepted. (nd in which table dependent variable shows general heath.Unstandadi%ed coefficient (<) is =.4:4 =.)01 .)9. and std.#rror is .15) ..9) ..;0. (nd standardi%ed coefficient in which is =..04 =.)44 .)/4 and (T) in which is =.;0/ =/.)9/ and ).::..

%&7&%&NCING:
)/ Professor A6 knutsson6 "epartment of Nursing an! Health Sciences.

/. S/ 8a#is6 "k mirick6 %g Ste#ens. 4. 9ohn Ho son. 1. &a llescu6 Hcoo6 'H 'C':%%A*6 C;'&&%S/ 0. Phillips <"6 Sowell %;6 'ock <= International Conference on AI"S/ 5. SC))4/PA;:S<A>%&?H&A;4H/C)'"% SC)44A6 PA;:S<A.

/.