Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Pondasi Dalam
~ untuk melimpahkan beban ke tanah di bawahnya ~ utamanya untuk tanah lunak atau beban berat
P I L E
PILES - design
1.
2. 3.
SIVA
Copyright 2001
SIVA
Copyright 2001
SIVA
Copyright 2001
Pola Keruntuhan
SIVA
Copyright 2001
SIVA
Copyright 2001
Low load
Ultimate load
fs << max
SIVA
Copyright 2001
10
SIVA
Copyright 2001
11
SIVA
Copyright 2001
GEOTECHNICAL STRENGTH
Vertical compression loading: ULTIMATE GEOTECHNICAL STRENGTH
-
or capacity, Rug
R ug = f s A s + f b A b
12
SIVA
Copyright 2001
fs = average, fully mobilized, skin friction (= INTERFACE friction and adhesion) fb = ultimate base bearing pressure contoh untuk tanah pasir :
f b = (vbo )(Nq )
13
SIVA
Copyright 2001
Harga Nq
Nq
14
SIVA
Copyright 2001
Densification Rule
o = 30 CL
5B
B
Half pile
Layer 1
= 47 = 34 o = 30
SIVA
Copyright 2001
5B
Layer 2
15
Qu
Qs
Qb
Qu = Qs + Qb - W
16
SIVA
Copyright 2001
Qs = fAs f = Unit Frictional Resistance =D AS = Shaft Area qP = Unit Bearing Capacity AP = Area of Point
SIVA
Copyright 2001
Embedded Length
QP = qPAP
17
Ground Surface
B Arching Action Df
Zone of Shear & Volume Decrease
PO = Df
Df
18
SIVA
Copyright 2001
Qu QS
Qu QB
QB
QU = QB + QsW(3)
Qb=Ab[cbNc+Po(Nq-1)+d/2N+Po] -Wp dimana Ab=luas penampang ujung tiang, cb=kohesi pada ujung tiang, Po= overburden stress pada ujung tiang dan d = lebar tiang.
Qs
W
QB
20
SIVA
Copyright 2001
Qb=Ab[cbNc+Po(Nq-1)+d/2N+Po] Wp
=> Qb=Ab[cbNc+PoNq]
21
SIVA
Copyright 2001
Daya Dukung Tiang pada Tanah Berbutir (Granular Soils) Daya Dukung Ujung (End Bearing Capacity) Daya Dukung Gesek (Skin Friction Capacity) cara (-method)
22
SIVA
Copyright 2001
Daya Dukung Ujung Tiang Bor pada tanah berbutir (granular soils)
Pada tanah berbutir alami (natural granular soil), kohesi cdapat dianggap = 0. Daya dukung ujung batas untuk tiang bor pada tanah berbutir (granular soils) dapat dinyatakan dalam tegangan vertikal efektif, v dan faktor daya dukung Nq sbb :
QB=AB Nq v
Nq tergantung pada sudut geser dalam .
23
SIVA
Copyright 2001
dimana Ks= koefisien tekanan tanah horisontal. Ks dapat juga sebagai koefisien tekanan tanah keadaan diam (at rest), K0=1-sin v = tegangan vertikal efektif rata-rata = sudut geser tiang-tanah = shaft friction coefficient = Ks.tan
SIVA
Copyright 2001
20
25
SIVA
Copyright 2001
1 see below
0.75 to 2 0.75 to 2
fs = z
f s = su
27
SIVA
Copyright 2001
-Method (Sands)
For large displacement piles, Bhushan(1982)
= 0.18 + 0.65 Dr
28
SIVA
Copyright 2001
-Method (Sands)
For Auger-Cast Piles, Neely (1991) Do not divide into layers
f s = 140 kPa (2800 psf )
29
SIVA
Copyright 2001
-Method (Clays)
30
SIVA
Copyright 2001
SIVA
Copyright 2001
Vesics
N*
32
SIVA
Copyright 2001
Vesics
N *
33
SIVA
Copyright 2001
34
35
SIVA
Copyright 2001
Contoh Soal
36
SIVA
Copyright 2001
Daya Dukung Ujung (End Bearing Capacity) Daya Dukung Gesek (Skin Friction Capacity) cara (-method)
37
SIVA
Copyright 2001
Q b = Ab .q 'b
N*c = 6.5 at Su = 25 kPa (500 psf) = 8.0 at Su = 50 kPa (1000 psf) = 9.0 at Su 100 kPa (2000 psf)
38
SIVA
Copyright 2001
qB=Nccu QB=ABNccu
dimana Nc= 9 bila ujung tiang terletak di bawah muka tanah lebih dari 4x diameter.
39
SIVA
Copyright 2001
qs=Cu
Qs =As.qs
SIVA
Copyright 2001
= faktor adhesi
40
41
SIVA
Copyright 2001
42
SIVA
Copyright 2001
43
SIVA
Copyright 2001
44
SIVA
Copyright 2001
Cara
Vijayvergiya & Focht (1972),Kraft, Focht & Amerasinghe (1981) mengembangkan cara ,utk menghitung gesekan. Rumus unit skin friction rata-rata: , s.av v.av u.av
+ 2s
)
45
SIVA
Copyright 2001
Rumus untuk daya dukung gesek: untuk large displacement pile pd tanah non kohesif f s = r N 60
50
SIVA
46
A. p O . f Qa = + 5 8
47
SIVA
Copyright 2001
Data Sondir
48
SIVA
Copyright 2001
49
SIVA
Copyright 2001
Qu
Dimana Qu = daya dukung batas Ku = Cd [1+(1+e/Cd)] Cd = 0,75 + 0,15 Wp/W e = (WhL)/(AEs2) L = panjang tiang A = luas penampang tiang E = modulus elastisitas tiang = faktor efisiensi W = berat hammer Wp =berat tiang s = final set (penurunan/per pukulan)
50
1 Wh = Ku s
SIVA
Copyright 2001
kWh Qu = s+c/2
dimana Qu= daya dukung batas, = efisiensi pukulan hammer, k= koef. Hammer, W=berat hammer, h=tinggi jatuh hammer, s= penurunan tiang per pukulan, c= perubahan elastis tiang
Q a = Pa =
0 , 0025 .E .(W r + e 2W p )
(s + 0 ,1)(W r + W p )
dimana Qa = daya dukung ijin E = energi per pukulan Wp = berat tiang e = koefisien restitusi
51
SIVA
Copyright 2001
t-z Method
Cara lebih tepat/teliti Mempertimbangkan:
hubungan beban-penurunan untuk skin friction dan end bearing method bentuk hubungan beban-penurunan perpendekan elastis tiang
SIVA
Copyright 2001
53
SIVA
Copyright 2001
SIVA
SIVA
Copyright 2001
SIVA
Copyright 2001
57
SIVA
Copyright 2001
58
SIVA
Copyright 2001
59
SIVA
Copyright 2001
Davissons Method
60
SIVA
Copyright 2001
Belajar
SIVA
Copyright 2001
Exa ms
My mama always said, Exam is like a box of chocolates; you never know what you are gonna get
62
SIVA
Copyright 2001