Best CRM 2000

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Orgviea va Co.pov.orea by:
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Ieague of Municipalities of the Philippines
Department of Environment and Natural Resources
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C/S/| M/N/OEMEN PO/MS C/S/| M/N/OEMEN PO/MS
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In many coastal communities around the country today,
isherolks, encouraged and supported by their local goernments
and working with the priate sector, non-goernmental organizations,
and the academe, are proiding long-term solutions to the problems
o resource depletion and enironmental degradation in their areas.
In these communities, coastal resource management CRM, has
become, or is on its way to becoming, a way o lie or all.
In a nutshell, CRM is all about the sustainable use and
management o coastal resources. In the Philippines, a widely
accepted deinition is one put orward by CRM experts \hite and
Lopez in a 1991 publication:
CRM covpri.e. tbo.e actiritie. tbat acbiere .v.taivabe v.e ava
vavagevevt of ecovovicay ava ecoogicay ravabe re.ovrce. iv tbe
coa.ta area., rbicb cov.iaer ivteractiov avovg ava ritbiv re.ovrce .y.tev., a.
re a. tbo.e of bvvav. ava tbeir evrirovvevt.
CRM is also reerred to in arious quarters as coastal
management`, coastal zone management`, coastal area management`,
and integrated coastal management.` In more speciic terms, it means
planning, implementing, and monitoring the sustainable use o
coastal resources.
1he process must be ideally participatory, that is, it must be
consultatie, multisectoral and interdisciplinary. It must consider the
interconnectedness o the arious ecosystems. It must encourage
cooperation among indiiduals, among communities, and among
countries. It must be rooted in the truth that we all share but one
coastline and one ocean.
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1he League o Municipalities o the Philippines LMP, was
created by irtue o Republic Act 160, otherwise known as the Local
Goernment Code o 1991. It is the organization o the 1,540
municipalities in the Philippines.
As an organization, LMP seres as enue or the municipalities to
articulate, entilate, and crystallize issues aecting municipal goernment
administration, and secure solutions to these issues through proper and
legal means.
1he powers and unctions o LMP are as ollows:
K Assist the national goernment in the ormulation and
implementation o the policies, programs, and projects aecting
municipalities as a whole
K Promote local autonomy at the municipal leel
K Adopt measures or the promotion o the welare o all
municipalities and the oicials and employees
K Lncourage people`s participation in local goernment
administration in order to promote united and concerted action
or the attainment o countrywide deelopment goals
K Supplement the eorts o the national goernment to create
opportunities or gainul employment within the municipalities
K Gie priority to programs designed or the total deelopment o
the municipalities in consonance with the policies, programs,
and projects o the national goernment
K Sere as orum or crystallizing and expressing ideas, seeking
the necessary assistance o the national goernment and
proiding the priate sector aenues or cooperation in the
promotion o the welare o the municipalities
K Adocate the need or a continuous personnel and sta training
program toward the deelopment o the local bureaucracy as
an eectie ehicle o the serice deliery eort o the national
goernment
K Acquire, accept, maintain, dispose, donate, coney and,or
otherwise hold real personal properties including intellectual
rights and copyrights
K Lngage in economic enterprise
K Generate and solicit unds including grants and credits rom all
sources
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1.jnr:n.n: oI 1n+1ronn.n: nnd ^n:urnI 1.oour..o 11^1)
Coastal area management may be considered as an integral segment
o the DLNR`s responsibilities. 1he agriculture and natural resources
sectors were preiously under a single department called the Department
o Agriculture and Natural Resources. A series o legal reorms undertaken
beore the 1990`s proided the DLNR with signiicant mandates related to
CRM, which still preail een ater isheries and the aquatic resources
sector were placed under the responsibility o the BlAR.
1o pursue its mandates, DLNR has been inoled in policy
issuances and programs that ocus on the management o mangroes and
associated terrestrial and aquatic lora and auna within the marine zone. It
has not directly inoled itsel, howeer, in ishery regulatory, licensing,
research, and enorcement unctions, which are presently being exercised by
BlAR.
In 1993, the Department began addressing its marine concerns by
including seascapes in the category o protected areas under the NIPAS
Act, which it was tasked to implement. It also launched its Coastal
Lnironment Program CLP, through DLNR Administratie Order No.
19 series o 1993, which aimed to uplit o the socio-economic conditions
o the country`s coastal population through the protection o the
enironment and the implementation o strategic interentions on resource
assessment, community organizing, inormation and education campaigns,
and the identiication and establishment o impact sites and seascapes.
Despite the enactment o the LGC, the DLNR retained many
enironmental management unctions related to orest management in
orest lands not deoled to the LGUs, mines and geo-sciences
management which does not all under the puriew o the Small-Scale
Mining Act, enironmental management, speciically the implementation o
the Lnironmental Impact Assessment LIA, System or certain businesses
and projects, management o all protected areas, including those under the
NIPAS, land management, and ecosystems research.
Many o the basic unctions that relate to CRM hae been
deoled by the DLNR to the LGUs. 1hese include:
K Implementation of community-based forestry projects: integrated social
forestry projects, new regular reforestation projects, forest land management
agreements, and other community forestry projects;
K Management and control o communal orests with an area not exceeding 50
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sq. km,
K Management, protection, rehabilitation and maintenance o small watershed
areas as identiied by DLNR,
K Lnorcement o orestry laws in community-based orestry projects and
communal orests,
K Lstablishment, protection, and maintenance o tree parks, greenbelt areas, and
other tourist attractions in areas identiied by DLNR,
K Implementation o the Rehabilitation in Conseration Hotspots project and
the Conseration o Rare and Lndangered species project in areas identiied
by DLNR,
K Lnorcement o pollution control laws,
K Solid waste disposal and other enironmental management systems related to
hygiene and sanitation, and
K Implementation o cease-and-desist orders issued by the Pollution
Adjudication Board PAB,.
Coastal Lnvironmental Program (CLP)
In an effort to use a holistic approach to environmental
protection, management and conservation, the Department of
Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) created the Coastal
Environmental Program (CEP) on April 22, 1993 through
Administrative Order No. 19. The CEP covers 14 coastal regions
and the Cordillera Autonomous Regions (CAR). The CEP was
one of a number of legislative initiatives passed to protect and
better manage our nations coastal and marine resources. It was
prompted by the governments recognition that environmental
quality along many coastlines of our country is now in critical
condition.
To achieve its objectives, CEP employs the following strategies:
M Conservation and management of coastal habitats
M Protection of endangered species
M Monitoring and control of coastal pollution
M Inventory assessment of coastal resources
M Applied research
M Development of special projects
M Establishment of coastal/marine protected areas
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As a means to identiy municipal models o CRM, and to recognize them so that
others can learn rom and be inspired to ollow them, the LMP and the CRMP
launched the Search or Best Coastal Management Programs on October 9, 199
during the 199 LMP Conention. Under a Memorandum o Agreement signed in
August 199, LMP and CRMP, sharing a common interest in promoting good
coastal management practices, agreed to jointly deelop a work program,
screening process, and guidelines or the implementation` o the Search.
1he Search or Best Coastal Management Programs or 2000 was
launched in May 1999 during the Conerence o Coastal Municipalities at the
Manila Midtown Hotel in Lrmita, Manila. 1aking on the lead role as Search
organizers, the DLNR and LMP signed a new Memorandum o Agreement
in May 2000 on the conduct o the Search or 2000.
1he Search has ie major objecties:
K Recognize the LGU`s achieements in CRM
K Document CRM practices so that these may be replicated in other areas as
appropriate
K Deine CRM standards to be used by LGUs
K Lncourage LGUs to undertake or ind ways to improe their own CRM programs
K Promote the deelopment o intermunicipal linkages in support o integrated
management initiaties
1he term Best CRM Program` is taken to mean the total package o
management tools, projects, approaches, techniques, and alues employed by
each municipality in the perormance o its role as custodian o the coastal
resources under its jurisdiction. More than the perormance o the local
oicials managing, oerseeing or supporting CRM, the Search recognizes
institutional perormance and thus emphasizes the sustainability and totality
o CRM programs oer the speciic merits o their components or o any
project a municipality may now be pursuing related to coastal resource use or
conseration.
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1he rules and mechanics o the Search are the ollowing:
K All municipal local goernment units with ongoing projects and at least three
years o continuing experience in the management o coastal resources may be
nominated to the Search. Municipalities that are recipients o awards o the same
nature and scope in the last three years shall be excluded rom the Search. \inners
o the 1998 Search are also excluded rom joining the Search.
K By its deinition o the term Best CRM Program,` the Search necessarily limits
each municipality to only one entry. Nominations must be done through or by
the oice o the Chie Lxecutie o the municipal goernment.
K 1he nomination orms are designed to elicit basic program inormation, such as
the name o the local goernment, projects and actiities implemented,
administratie systems and procedures being adopted, inestment support, system
o community participation, etc.
K 1he nominations are classiied into two categories: Programs Receiing Lxternal
Assistance and Programs Not Receiing Lxternal Assistance.
Lighteen nominees joined the Search or 2000. 1he geographical
distribution o the nominees is shown in 1able 1.
1able J. List of Nominees.
Nominee Province Region Type of Assistance
A. Altavas Aklan VI With external assistance
B. Basey Western Samar VIII With external assistance
C. Calape Bohol VII With external assistance
D. Claveria Cagayan II Without external assistance
E. Cortes Surigao del Sur XIII Without external assistance
F. Lawaan Eastern Samar VIII With external assistance
G. LIPASECU Antique VI With external assistance
(Libertad, Pandan,
Sebaste, Culasi)
H. Maragondon Cavite IV Without external assistance
I. Palompon Leyte VIII Without external assistance
K. Prieto Diaz
1
Sorsogon V With external assistance
L. Puerto Galera Oriental Mindoro IV With external assistance
M. Sablayan Oriental Mindoro IV With external assistance
N. San Juan Batangas IV Without external assistance
O. San Miguel Leyte VIII With external assistance
P. San Vicente Palawan IV With external assistance
Q. Siay Zamboanga del Sur IX Without external assistance
R. Sibulan Negros Oriental VII With external assistance
S. Tukuran Zamboanga del Sur IX Without external assistance
1
Prieto Diaz was excluded from further evaluation because it was one of the Search winners in 1998.
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N o m in a t io n Pe r io d
M ay 3 1 , 1 9 9 9 - M a y 3 1 , 2 0 0 0
F irst S t a g e o f Ev a l u a t i o n
J u n e - J u ly 2 0 0 0
1 8 n o m in e e s ( so c io e c o n o m ic
p ro f il e s a re sh ow n in Ta b l e 1 )
1 0 m u n ic ip a lit ie s s h o rt list e d
S e c o n d S t a g e o f Ev a lu a t io n
A u g u s t 2 0 0 0
S ix m u n ic ip a lit i e s se le c t e d
S ix m u n ic ip a lit i e s a d j u d g e d
w in n e rs
V a lid a t i o n
S e p t e m b e r 2 0 0 0
F in a l S e le c t io n
S e p t e m b e r 2 1 , 2 0 0 0
A National Search Committee NSC, has been conened to undertake
a two-stage ealuation o the nominations.
Iigure 2. 1he selection process of the Search.
1he composition o the NSC is as ollows:
K Department o Lnironment and Natural Resources DLNR,
K Department o Agriculture - Bureau o lisheries and Aquatic Resources DA-
BlAR,
K Department o Interior and Local Goernment DILG,
K Department o Science and 1echnology - Philippine Council or Aquatic and
Marine Research and Deelopment DOS1-PCAMRD,
K Center o Lxcellence in Coastal Resources Management, Silliman Uniersity
COL-CRM,
K LMP
K CRMP
ligure 2 presents the selection process. 1he criteria used or all
stages o the Search are presented in ligure 3. 1he NSC`s decision is inal
and irreocable.
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1able 2. Socioeconomic profile of the Search for Best Coastal Management Programs nominees.
Altavas, Aklan
Basey,
Western
Samar
Calape, Bohol
Claveria,
Cagayan
Cortes,
Surigao del Sur
Lawaan,
Eastern Samar
LIPASECU
(Libertad,
Pandan,
Sebaste,
Culasi) in
Antique
Maragondon,
Cavite
P l
Fishing, farming,
trading, tourism,
commerce/ business,
and cottage industry
Farming, livestock and
swine production,
fishing, and cottage
industry
Fishing, farming,
livestock, aquaculture,
and business and trade
Farming, fishing,
merchandizing,
furniture-making, and
cottage industry
Coco farming, rice
farming, fishing,
seaweed production,
and upland farming
Copra making, farming,
fishing, and wholesale
and retail business
Fishing, farming,
cottage industry,
livestock, small and
medium enterprise,
labor, and business
Farming, fishing, small-
scale enterprises, and
medium-scale industry
Farming, fishing, micro
entrepreneurship,
h di i d
7.4
55.6
28.0
27.7
31.0
14.0
68.0
No data
36.0
21,402
27,631
26,896
(1998 est.)
25,363
13,054
10,856
84,098
No data
28,384
14 (4)
32
33 (18)
41 (12)
12 (10)
16 (8)
107 (53)
1 coastal
barangay
50 (26)
Mangroves
Coral reefs and
mangroves
Coral reefs and
mangroves
Coral reefs
Coral reefs and
mangroves
Coral reefs and
mangroves
Coral reefs, sea
grasses and
mangroves
Coral reefs and
mangroves
Coral reefs and
Political intervention and
BFAR province inaction on
fishpond problem
Low awareness of
fisherfolk, declining fish
catch, presence of coliform
in the water, and lack of
alternative livelihood
Illegal fishing and lack of
environmental awareness
by the coastal communities
Weak law enforcement
None mentioned
Illegal fishing activities and
insufficient funds
Differences in the fisheries
ordinances among the
municipalities and
sustainability of the FARMC
Unavailability of resources
(financial, equipment,
personnel)
Political protg mentality,
d l t t lit d
Nominee Coastline
(km unless
indicated
otherwise)
Population
(as of Sept
1995 unless
indicated
otherwise)
No. of
barangays
(number of
coastal barangays
in parentheses)
Major economic
activities
Major Coastal
habitats
Major CRM problems Land
Area
(km
2
)
91.66
532.72
82.18
194.00
130.59
167.55
436.06
165.49
128.46
No. of
registered
fishers
309
1,029
611
1,812
490
579
3,976
109
2,458
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Iigure 3. Criteria of the Search for Best CRM Programs.
Sustainability
25%
Holism
15%
Intergovernment
Linkages
10%
Community
Participation
30%
Impact
20%
The ability of the program to continue beyond the
terms of office of local officials or, in the case of
programs receiving external assistance, continue
to function effectively even after the assistance
has ended or is terminated, and that its benefits
can be sustained over the long term.
A n active, planned, and deliberate effort by
the local government to link watersheds
and coastal areas, and to consider all land-
and water-based activities that may, directly
or indirectly (or both), impact the coastal
environment.
Mechanisms that are in
place to promote open
communication between
the LGU-nominee, other
LGUs and the different
national agencies
involved in CRM.
Active partnerships between the LGU and the private
sector, non-governmental organizations, people s
organizations and the academe in the management of
coastal resources.
The benefits derived or arising from the CRM
program, including benefits to the economy,
human health and welfare, and the environment.
B est B est
:a
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1==crmr: +socs=m Av=scs sos :ss& s+ :r ~&c
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Altavas, Aklan
1he municipality o Altaas has the shortest coastline among the
three municipalities bordering 1inagong Dagat, but the municipality
recognizes that it holds equal
responsibility or resoling the
problems in the bay and ensuring the
sustainability o the bay`s resources.
Altaas is located southeast
o Kalibo, Aklan. Its coastal
population o 8,24, which is 39
o its total population, lies along a
.4-km coastline that borders
1inagong Dagat Banga Bay,.
lishing and processing o marine products or ood are the major
economic actiities o the coastal communities.
Coastal resource management in Altaas irst came about when, in
1989, as a community, the townspeople acknowledged that the degradation
o orest resources in their highland barangays had contributed directly to
soil erosion and siltation in 1inagong Dagat.
In March 1993, Altaas became a member o the Central Panay
Lconomic Uniication CPLU,. Listed among the town`s priority concerns
is the rescue o 1inagong Dagat rom problems besetting it. 1his gae
birth to what would later be known to Altaas people as a CRM program
dubbed SAGIBIN SA DAGA1` Phase 1. 1he program lasted until April
1995 and was unded by the Canadian International Deelopment Agency,
Local Goernment Support Program CIDA,LGSP,. 1hrough capability
building and human deelopment training in CRM, it instilled into the
consciousness o 1inagong Dagat stakeholders the need or instituting
CRM best practices. Altaas, along with the municipalities o Batan and
New \ashington ormed a bay management council. 1he opposition
iv. enoriLzs
B est B est
:
through a joint resolution
by the council against a
proposed building o a
power barge in 1inagong
Dagat was one o the
accomplishments o the
program.
Phase II o the
SAGIBIN SA DAGA1
CRM Program began in
199 and was handled by
the Uniersity o the Philippines in the Visayas with unding rom CIDA,
LGSP. 1hrough the SAGIBIN SA DAGA1 Program and the actie
leadership o its leaders, the municipality o Altaas has deeloped the
ollowing conseration programs: 1, Rescue o the degraded orests and
protected areas,biodiersity o Barangay 1alon, 2, Reial,rescue o Kipot
caes and watershed, 3, Integrated Social lorestry Project ISlP,, and 4,
Cabugao lisherolks Mangroe Reorestation. Other projects include the
Nestle Philippines-assisted Conersion o Senile Coconut Plantation
Project. lisherolks and other stakeholders o 1inagong Dagat were also
trained or alternatie lielihood and cooperatie establishment by the
Marketing Inestment Opportunities and Socio-economic Studies
MI1OSIS, o UP Visayas.
As a result, the aerage annual income o isherolk households
has increased rom PhP8,000 ie years ago to PhP18,000 at present. A
33 increase in ish catch was also obsered rom 30 kg,person,month in
1998 to 40 kg,person,month in 1999. 1he LGU has doubled its CRM
budget to PhP100,000 with ie CRM sta assisting the program.
Although the coenant among the three municipalities bordering
1inagong Dagat has suered a setback because o dierences in the setting
o mesh net limits among ishers o the three municipalities, the Mayor o
Altaas, with the support o the Sangguniang Bayan and the townsolk, has
stood irm in enorcing what the law requires in order to sustainably
manage their resources. 1hrough the passing o an ordinance stopping its
deelopment, the MlARMC and the SB hae also actiely opposed the
deelopment o a mangroe area that was undeeloped or 21 years by one
o the lLA-holder amilies in the municipality. 1heir igilance is their
challenge to the national goernment agencies and the proincial
goernment to support them in their drie to presere 1inagong Dagat.
B est B est
:s
Calape, Bohol
1he municipality o Calape in Bohol is a community o 26,896
people spread in 33 barangays, 18 o which are located along a 28-km
stretch o coastline. lishing ranks irst as a major source o income or the
town`s 15,148 coastal residents. 1hirty-ie percent o them are engaged in
ishing while 30 are in arming, some ishers also tend arms as a
secondary source o income.
In 1993, the Calape LGU initiated a marine culture and
conseration program or Calape Bay. 1his inoled the enactment o
pertinent ordinances and deputation o ish wardens in coordination with
the DA-BlAR. 1he establishment o the lishery Center o the DA-BlAR
in two barangays paed the way or technical assistance, research, and ish
stock assessment or Calape.
In 1995, the Coastal Resource Management Project CRMP, o the
DLNR included Calape among its learning areas. NGOs like the Bohol
Integrated Deelopment loundation BIDLl, and International Marinelie
Alliance IMA, assisted in organizing the isherolk communities. As a
result, ish sanctuaries hae been established by local ordinances through
the initiatie o barangay oicials and the communities. Mangroe
reorestation projects hae also been implemented through indiidual
stewardship agreements, community eorts, and inter-agency ciic action.
In 1998, through the initiatie o the Sangguniang Bayan, a
1ripartite Management Council composed o arious NGAs, NGOs, and
POs was created to take care o planning, implementing, and managing the
CRM program o the municipality.
In compliance with the lisheries Code o 1998, the MlARMC was
organized. 1he ish wardens were reoriented and deputized to assist in
ishery law enorcement. Joint ishery law enorcement actiities, which
included sea-borne operations, were conducted along the common
boundaries o neighboring coastal municipalities. Consultations are also
ongoing between Calape and Cebu City or a joint and integrated Bantay
Dagat operation within the municipal waters o Calape.
1o date, the coastal management initiaties o the municipality hae
resulted in an upgrade o the coral ree areas rom poor condition ie years
ago to air. 1he mangroe areas hae also improed to good rom air ie
years ago. In addition, ish stocks appear to hae increased despite illegal
ishing actiities that still occur sporadically. In 1999, ish catch in the
B est B est
:e
municipality was recorded at 80 kg,person,month.
1o totally eradicate illegal ishing, the municipality has hired ish
wardens as casual employees and proided them with patrol boats,
communication equipment, and logistics or sea-borne patrol operations.
Regular inormation, education and communication ILC, actiities are being
conducted in coastal barangays to support the law enorcement campaign.
LIPASECU in Antique
LIPASLCU is an acronym that
stands or the our coastal
municipalities o Libertad, Pandan,
Sebaste, and Culasi in the proince o
Antique. It is the management
council ormed by the our
municipalities to sustainably manage
the 68-km coastline cradling Pandan
Bay. LIPASLCU has a total o 53
coastal barangays and a coastal population o 5,98, which is 68.3 o
its total population. 1he isheries sector - marine isheries, shell and ry
gathering, seaweed arming, and ish ending - is thus an important source
o income or the our adjacent municipalities.
In the last quarter o 1995, the Antique Integrated Area
Deelopment ANIAD, loundation, in partnership with the municipality
o Culasi and PROCLSS, an NGO in the area, implemented a pilot
program on Community-Based Coastal Resource Management in the
municipality. 1he ocus o the program implementation is on raising the
ishers` consciousness o the coastal and marine enironmental situation
and the problems and issues aecting them. In 1996, upon the request o
the Pandan local goernment, the program was replicated in Pandan in
partnership with the ANIAD, and then in the two other neighboring
municipalities, Libertad and Sebaste, in 199.
1o acilitate easier coordination o the program implementation, a
1echnical \orking Group on CRM was created composed o
representaties rom the our municipalities` local goernment unit, NGO,
ANIAD, and ishers through their lARMCs. In the course o the program
implementation, the 1\G members realized that, because they were
B est B est
:v
sharing the same resource base, which is Pandan Bay, their municipalities
aced common problems and issues. 1o address these issues, a series o
inter-municipal consultations were conducted which resulted in the
ormation o the LIPASLCU Bay-\ide Management Council. LIPASLCU
was ormally created last October 3, 199 ater the our LGUs signed a
Memorandum o Agreement on the Council`s creation. It is headed by one
o the municipal mayors and co-chaired by the other three mayors.
LIPASLCU has one basic
master plan or its CRM program,
which has so ar included the ollowing
projects or the our municipalities:
reorestation, critical area protection,
integrated pest management, sloping
agricultural land technology SAL1,,
resource protection and regeneration
such as mangroe deelopment and
marine sanctuary implementation, and
ishery law enorcement and sea patrol. lish wardens hae been trained and
deputized to strengthen the municipality`s law enorcement capabilities.
Although not completely eradicated, oerishing and conlicting resource
use and the use o destructie ishing methods hae been reduced to some
degree, resulting in an increase in ishing catch to an aerage o 186 kg a
month per isher in 1999. 1he range o the annual isherolk household
income has also increased rom PhP8,000-20,000 in 1994 to PhP14,000-
2,400 in 1999.
1o ensure the sustainability o the project, the our municipalities
hae allocated considerable amounts or CRM. Part o the money is gien
to LIPASLCU or its operational expenses.
An important actor in the success o the LIPASLCU is the
support o the people or the Council and its actiities. lishers are actiely
helping authorities in enorcing laws and ordinances, and they are reaping
the rewards o their perseerance, as exhibited by the abundance o ish
obsered in the nature-aquarium deeloped inside a marine sanctuary in the
municipality o Libertad. Gien the isherolks` igilance in maintaining this
sanctuary, there is hope that CRM in these our towns will be sustained
through uture generations.
B est B est
:e
Sibulan, Negros Oriental
Sibulan, bounding the northern border o Dumaguete City, is one
o 19 coastal municipalities o Negros Oriental. It has 15 barangays, six o
which are located along a coastline stretching to 8.8 km, where about 25
o the town`s total population o 31,206 lie 1995,. lishing and
mariculture, aquaculture, bangus ry collection and marketing, and ish
trading and ending are the major coastal economic actiities in the
municipality.
In 199, Sibulan was selected along with some coastal
municipalities o Negros Oriental as a learning area o CRMP. Among the
primary outputs o the Project was the acilitation o the CRM process and
conduct o participatory community resource assessments in all coastal
barangays. 1he eort resulted in the deelopment and production o
resource maps, which has sered as a basis or barangay CRM planning
actiities. Currently, CRMP, through its partner NGO, the 1ing Matiao
loundation, is acilitating community organizing actiities in coastal
barangays in the municipality.
CRM projects - marine reseres, and solid waste management, or
example - are now eident on the coast o Sibulan. 1he Sangguniang
Bayan has ormulated and enacted a number o ordinances to reinorce
non-regulatory measures related to CRM. 1hese include a ishery
ordinance on the regulation o .agir.ir ishing in the municipality and an
ordinance prohibiting the use o compressors and scuba tanks up to 1 km
rom the shoreline.
Aside rom projects that directly impact the coastal enironment,
there are also projects geared toward rehabilitating and deeloping upland
and lowland areas. In the uplands, these include agroorestry, in the
lowlands, major projects inole community-based orest management
agreements.
As a result o these projects, the aerage monthly catch o ishers
has increased rom 18.6 kg to 25.82 kg, monthly ishing household
incomes are up rom PhP1200 - 1400 to PhP2000 - 2,600. 1he hectarage
o the coral coer has decreased rom 1,228.50 ie years ago to 921.38 at
present, but the condition o the coral rees improed rom air in 1995 to
good in 1999.
Hopes or the continued success o management eorts in Sibulan
lie in the act that the municipality ully recognizes that it still has much
B est B est
:s
work to do to ensure the sustainability o its coastal resources. Although
now limited, illegal and destructie ishing practices and techniques still
exist and need to be eradicated. 1he Bantay Dagat needs to be strengthened
so that it osters igilance among community members. lurthermore, the
local goernment has plans o putting up a die resort in the municipality -
this can only be achieed i its coral ree resources are more than
adequately protected.
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Claveria, Cagayan
Claeria is the northernmost municipality in the mainland o
Cagayan proince. It has only 12 coastal
barangays out o a total o 41, and a
coastline o only 2. km, but coastal
residents, many o them dependent on
isheries or lielihood, make up more
than 44 o the population 1995:
25,363,.
lor many years, Claeria was the
biggest supplier o resh marine ishes
and other aquatic products in Northern Luzon. 1his was not sustained,
howeer. Oerishing by oreign ishing essels intruding into Claeria`s
municipal waters, combined with traditional illegal ishing actiities around
the area, has seerely depleted its isheries.
In 1995, a lishery and Aquatic Resources Deelopment Program
lARDP, was initiated as a strategy to implement the town`s Lxecutie Agenda.
A \ork 1eam composed o seeral sectors o the community was created
through consultatie meetings and barangay assemblies to implement the
program. 1he program aimed to uplit the quality o lie o the isherolks
through improed ishery technology and community-based participatory
actiities in order to attain sustainability and productiity without destroying
the ecological integrity o nature.
1he ollowing strategies and actiities were implemented: 1, close
coordination with ishery enorcement agencies like the Philippine National
Police and Philippine Coast Guard and ish wardens, 2, enactment o necessary
B est B est
zo
municipal ordinances, 3, organization o
BlARMCs and MlARMC, 4, establishment
o community-based orest management areas,
5, enactment o a solid waste management
code, 6, proision o lielihood options to
coastal communities, , seaweed planting, 8,
tie-up with lending institutions or inancial
assistance to isher groups, and 9, cleaning and
greening o the shoreline.
1he LGU, in coordination with national goernment agencies like
BlAR, Department o 1rade and Industry, and the Department o Social
\elare and Deelopment conducted dierent skills deelopment training
or the ishing communities, and has regulated the use o mangroe areas.
Consequently, the ishing communities hae begun to experience increased
ish catch.
1here is a long way to go beore real abundance comes back in Claeria,
but with the leadership o its LGU, the collaboratie agenda the municipality
has established with national goernment agencies, NGOs, and people`s
organizations, and the attentieness gien by the community to the preseration
o the enironment, the waiting may be not that long or Claeria.
Palompon, Leyte
Palompon is one o 2 coastal municipalities o the proince o
Leyte. Located 124 km west o 1acloban City, the municipality has a land
area o 128.46 sq km encompassing 50 barangays and a total population o
50,319. 1wenty-six coastal barangays comprise its 36-km coastline border-
ing Camotes Sea, where almost 56 o the population lies. 1he major
economic actiities in the coastal areas include ishing, sea cucumber,
seaweed gathering, siganid aavggit, processing, mat weaing, shell gathering
and shellcrat industry, and ishpond culture.
1he town`s experience in CRM dates back to 1995. It came about
as a result o the depletion o catch or seeral ish species due to unregu-
lated harest, the use o destructie ishing methods such as poison ishing
tvbi`, Derri. pbiippivev.i.,, mangroe cutting, upland orest destruction, and
beach sand,grael mining, among others. 1he problem caught the attention
o the LGU oicials, prompting them to conduct a series o multi-sectoral
B est B est
z:
consultations with isherolks, consumers, proessionals, lay leaders, NGOs,
people`s organizations, national goernment agencies, and other sectors o
the community. 1his led to the conceptualization o a holistic program
called LASD or Lcological Amelioration or Sustainable Deelopment.
LASD has two components: legislation,enorcement and lielihood
support.
Since then , seeral CRM legislations hae been passed. 1hese
include 1, the declaration o 1abuk Island as a ish and bird sanctuary, 2,
the total ban on the catching o aavggit siganid, during spawning seasons,
3, the total ban on coral extraction, 4, the regulation o the use o
superlights and other destructie ishing methods, and 5, the establishment
o a 24-hr patrol against illegal ishing and other iolations o enironmen-
tal laws. 1hese eorts hae resulted in increased ish catch per isher 5.5
kg,isher,day,, reduction o illegal ishing, and increased bidding price or
ish corrals. 1he municipality`s reenue rom ish corrals ballooned rom
PhP2,65.95 in 1995 to PhP4,54.5 in 199. lishing households also
increased their aerage annual income rom PhP30,000.00 in 1995 to
PhP80,000 in 1999, 23 higher than the aerage annual income o all the
households in the municipality.
In order to sustain the CRM program o the municipality, the
LGU has steadily increased the budget allotted or enironment oer the
years. lor the year 2000, the municipality has set aside a considerable
amount or its enironmental budget and employed 12 CRM sta. CRM
training,workshops,seminars hae also been held and are being planned
or the LGU leadership and personnel, the youth, isherolk, and other
citizens. 1he municipality has also receied assistance rom the national
goernment and the priate sector.
1he persistence o the local goernment and olunteer groups
rom the priate sector and the realization by the community o the
beneits they get rom the program has raised public morale and increased
igilance. Despite their initial resistance to the program, most
Palomponganons now appear determined to return their municipality to its
original state o splendor and productiity in the ery near uture.
B est B est
zz
+.cz.c:s os c& =socs=ms os o:rs om.rrs
Basey, Samar
K lisheries Resource Management Program site
K lish sanctuaries established in
Panunubolon Is
K Lxcellent mangroe coer
K Suiciently-unded CRM program
manned by 8 CRM sta
K Lnironmentally-riendly enterprises
include mat weaing and embroidery
Cortes, Surigao del Sur
K lish sanctuary established in
two coastal barangays
K Mangroe reorestation
K Mariculture is an important
enterprise
K lisher organizations like the
Nagpakabanang Mananagat sa
1igao Concerned lishers o
1igao, or NAMA1I ery actie
Lawaan, Eastern Samar
K Mangroe rehabilitation and reorestation
K Marine sanctuary established in our barangays
K MlARMC and lish \arden Association actie
K Lawaan Coastal Zone Management Council ormed in 1994
B est B est
za
Maragondon, Cavite
K Community organizing by PRRM, since 1996
K Conseration programs include coastal organizing and leadership
building, marine sanctuary establishment, and mangroe rehabilitation
and reorestation
Prieto Diaz, Sorsogon
K Preious winner o Search or Best CRM Program in 1998
K Conseration projects include the MARILAG Marine Resere,
mangroe reorestation, and alternatie lielihood projects such as goat
attening and raining, oyster culture, crab culture and attening, and
seaweed culture.
K CRM eort is multisectoral
through the help o national
goernment agencies, NGOs
such as the 1ambuyog
Deelopment Center, and
people`s organizations such as
SLAMANCOR Lco-deelopers
Association
Puerto Galera, Oriental Mindoro
K Puerto Galera Bay is a marine resere by MAB and UNLSCO
K 1ourism is a main and thriing enterprise
K Mangroe rehabilitation
K \atershed rehabilitation and management Artiicial ree established
B est B est
z
Siay, Zamboanga del Sur
San Juan, Batangas
K Dynamite, poison, and
electric ishing banned
since 1995
K Marine sanctuaries
established in six coastal
barangays
K Mangroe area being managed in Barangay Pulangbato most successul
in Batangas proince
San Miguel, Leyte
K Shoreline water control
K Marine ish sanctuary in one barangay
San Vicente, Palawan
K CRMP Learning Area
K Marine sanctuaries are established in two barangays
K Lnironmentally riendly enterprises include seaweed arming and
sardines-making
K Operation o compressor banned since 1995
K Municipal ordinances include registration o isherolks and ishing
gears, ban on poaching in the municipal waters, and ban on catching
graid crabs
B est B est
zs
Sablayan, Occidental Mindoro
K Municipal conseration programs include orest conseration, coastal
marine lie conseration, watershed management, orest park tree planting,
and riers and lake deelopment
K Municipal ordinances supporting establishment o the Sablayan Marine
Sanctuary, regulating catch within inland bodies o water, and adopting
RA 8550, among others, are in place
K Actie Bantay Dagat
Tukuran, Zamboanga del Sur
K Member o the Illana Bay Inter-Municipal Management Council
K Marine sanctuaries in two barangays
K MlARMC and Bantay Dagat organized
B est B est
ze
1he search will be repeated eery two years with the next call or
nominees scheduled or January o the year 2000. 1his is a sel-help guide
or coastal municipalities who wish to assess what stage they are in
implementing CRM. 1he questions and parameters proided per stage are
based on the criteria used to ealuate nominees or this Search and can
sere to prepare you or the next Search. 1he stages outlined here
correspond to 5 stages o CRM deelopment:
Stage 0 - 1here is no program in the coast area nor in the
watershed area. Know the status and alue o your
resources using the simple assessment guide.
Stage J - 1here are seeral projects relating to CRM. 1his
might include marine sanctuaries, and mangroe
reorestation, howeer, these were planned
independently.
Stage 2 - Physical planning and institutional inrastructure
or CRM is established.
Stage 3 - Interentions acquire a holistic and integrated
perspectie with monitoring.
Stage 4 - Planning cycle is complete and working!
v. cnm szLr-zLe cUioz
Know what stage your municipality is in and plan to achiee the highest
stage!
Stage 0: No CRM program the assessment phase
I. \hat is the status o our coastal resources
.. oo at tbe treva. -- i. fi.b catcb vvcb orer vor tbav it ra.
: year. ago, 10 year. ago. .re re catcbivg e..ravea .pecie.. !.
tbere arge.cae covrer.iov of vavgrore.. .re tbe cora reef.
beatby. .re tbere iega actiritie. tbat covtivve to ae.troy critica
babitat..
. oo at tbe va;or tbreat. - i. tbe coa.ta popvatiov ivcrea.ivg.
c&1 .s o: oz+ sos mc.c.==z.:.rs s=c.c :sr=:s os co=s:=z =s.:=:
crs:scc:.o =c s.srs.rs ovrsrx=zo.:=:.o. c&1 .s =zso sos
mc.c.==z.:.rs vo coosr Ho1 1o crcrrs=:r .:o scc coc.:.os.
zr=s ssom o:rss m.s:=xrs. 1==cr +ocs srsocscrs. +z= sos
Ac:.o.
B est B est
zv
.re tbe vvvber of fi.ber. ivcrea.ivg. !. aereopvevt, e.g. bov.ivg
ava ivav.try, pv.bivg torara. tbe coa.t. !. tbere a vv.broovivg of
tovri.t faciitie.. !bat`. bappevivg iv tbe vpava.. Mivivg,
covtivvea fore.t aegraaatiov actiritie.. !bat`. bappevivg iv tbe
orava.. !. agricvtvre aepevaevt ov cbevica fertiier..
II. Are the coastal communities directly dependent on the use o
coastal resources
.. Ye.. 1bev, CRM becove. ivperatire to ev.vre tbeir ireibooa!
III. How much economic alue do communities gain rom use o
coastal resources
.. .tivate rave of fi.b catcb e.peciay tbo.e of coraareivg .pecie.,
vavgrore crab. ava .be., poe. ava otber rooa proavct.. or vavy
tovri.t. ri.it. or vvcb ao tbey .peva. or vvcb ao boat orver.
cbarge for aire trip.. .gaiv, oo at tbe treva.!
IV. \hat happens when these resources are destroyed
.. or cora reef.: o.. of ae.tbetic rave, o.. of babitat of fi.b, o.. of
protectiov agaiv.t rare.O O !^COM, !1 ava
PROPR1Y!
. or vavgrore.: o.. of babitat for fi.b ava .brivp ;vrevie., crab.,
o.. of .ovrce of rooa proavct., veaicive., o.. of .it aggregatiov
fvvctiov, o.. of bvffer agaiv.t .torv.O O !^COM,
!1 ava PROPR1Y!
C. or fi.berie.: o.. of fooa ava tbe vo.t ecovovica .ovrce of aietary
proteivO O !^COM .^D !1!
Stage J Iragmented projects along the coast
I. Are there conseration,protection projects marine
sanctuaries, mangroe reorestation etc., in our municipality
II. Are they unded by donor agencies or NGOs
III. Is some orm o support proided by local leadership, e.g. in
the maintenance o these acilities Lnorcement o local
ordinances
IV. Does the community and local goernment hae a role in the
establishment and maintenance o these acilities
Stage 2 - Physical planning and institutional infrastructure for CRM is
established
I. Is planning adhered to lor a step-by-step guide to CRM Planning,
moe on to next section!,
II. Does our municipality hae an organizational structure that balances
B est B est
ze
deelopment and protection o our coastal resources
III. Are the scope o action and responsibility o each unctional
department in our municipality clearly deined
IV. Is the access to and control oer the coastal resources o our
locality by the dierent local departments and,or community
sectors careully planned, monitored and regulated as needed
V. Are peoples` organizations established, recognized and
participating in planning
VI. Do laws, regulations and policies on managing these projects exist
in our municipality Are they consistently applied
VII. Is a desk,telephone hotline in place to respond to stakeholders`
concerns and complaints on issues regarding our coastal projects
Are simple easy-to-ollow, procedures in the processing o
complaints, suggestions and requests or assistance rom the public
being used
VIII. Is there a continuing training program or members o people`s
organizations in our municipality on managing our projects,
resources
IX. Are team-based and participatory processes being used in the
planning and implementation o coastal actiities in our
municipality
Stage 3 - Interventions acquire a holistic and integrated perspective
with monitoring
I. Do we hae to deelop projects in our watershed areas \hat are
these projects
II. Are there inter-LGU endeaors in place between my municipality
and the other municipalities in our area \hat is the extent
number, o our inter-LGU networks
III. Are there ordinances institutionalizing CRM principles in our
municipality
IV. Are there eectie channels o communication between the
goernment and the public ora, community bulletins, etc.,
V. Do we hae mechanisms installed to ealuate the impact o
deelopment projects and other actiities on dierent ecosystems
VI. Are there mechanisms that promote open communication and
collaboration with other LGUs and the dierent national agencies
MOAs, MOUs, regular orums, etc.,
VII. Are there joint enture arrangements existing between the
B est B est
zs
goernment and the priate sector to support our projects in our
coastal areas
VIII. Do we hae a land use plan Does the land use plan address the
need to maintain ecological balance in place in our municipality
IX. Do we hae a CRM plan Does our CRM plan link watersheds and
coastal areas
X. Is there a monitoring ealuation plan or CRM actiities
XI. Do we routinely monitor actiities in coastal areas
Stage 4 - Planning cycle is complete and working
I. Is there a continuing capacity-building program to strengthen
goernment-non-goernment relationships
II. Are there adequate monitoring and eedback systems in our
municipality which really work
III. Does a uniied deelopment plan` exist in our municipality Does
it incorporate CRM principles that are endorsed,approed by all
goernment sectors, including the politicians, local goernment
sta, and representaties o national goernment agencies
IV. Are there joint enture arrangements existing between the
goernment and the priate sector to support CRM initiaties
V. Do we hae inestment support or our CRM programs
VI. Do we practice alues-oriented inormation campaign using local
media and other channels, that incorporates CRM principles
VII. Does our leadership program incorporate CRM principles
CRM includes many actiities - oten complex ones - that are
careully arranged in plans. A plan can arrange actions to sole ery speciic
problems such as the degradation o a small mangroe orest, or may
organize all the required actions to manage the coastal resources in one or
more municipalities coering 100 kilometers or more o coastline.
Regardless o the size, scope and complexity o a plan, there is a
planning process and certain basic ingredients. Various programs in the
Philippines and abroad hae, through experience, helped us determine what
is essential in the CRM process to achiee results in both the short and long
term.
1he basic planning and implementation cycle is composed o eight
phases. \e enumerated questions through each o these phases which
could guide municipalities in planning their CRM program and,or checked
on the extent o their ongoing CRM program through CRM
interentions.
B est B est
ao
Phase J: Program preparation
are re ... aetervivea tbe bovvaarie. ava .cope of tbe prograv.
... vaae ror pav. , bvaget..
... a..igvea per.ovve for tbe prograv.
... .ecvrea cov.ev.v. ov orera approacb.
Phase 2: Secondary information gathering
are re ... covpiea ei.tivg vap., report., aata, etc.
... ivterrierea ivforvatiov .ovrce..
... covpiea ei.tivg ar., agreevevt., pav., etc.
... rerierea otber .ovrce. of ivforvatiov.
Phase 3: Iield assessment/study: Participatory Coastal Resource
Assessment (PCRA) and other research
are re ... traivea practitiover..
... covavctea PCR. vappivg ava aata coectiov.
... covtractea .pecia re.earcb .tvaie. ov fi.b .toc
a..e..vevt, babitat covaitiov, rater qvaity, evterpri.e
ava otber..
Phase 4: Database and profile development
are re ... .et vp aata .torage ava retriera .y.tev.
... covpiea coa.ta evrirovvevta profie..
... v.ea profie. a. pavvivg ba.e.
... refivea bovvaarie. ava fvrtber re.earcb veea..
Phase S: Prioritize issues and analyze causes
are re ... covavctea covvvvity ava vvvicipaba.ea pavvivg
.e..iov..
... prioritiea i..ve. for vavagevevt.
... aetervivea cav.e. of i..ve..
Phase 6: Policy and plan formulation
are re ... covavctea pavvivg ror.bop. to aetervive ob;ectire.,
.trategie., ava actiov..
... aetervivea ceary .tatea goa., ob;ectire., ava ivaicator..
... e.tabi.bea a vecbavi.v for ivteragevcy cooraivatiov.
... aetervivea tbe covpo.itiov of tbe vavagevevt covvci.
... ivitiatea preivivary pav ivpevevtatiov ava CRM
vi. cnm enoczss
B est B est
a:
B est B est
az
!ith rvbe .vpport frow:
peci cittiov for ivterC| coopertiov
.pov.orea by:
vith .vpport frow:
Department of Environment and
Natural Resources (DENR)
Department of Agriculture - Bureau of Iisheries and
Aquatic Resources (DA-BIAR)
Department of Interior and Iocal Government (DIIG)
Department of Science and Technology - Philippine Council for Aquatic
and Marine Research and Development (DOST-PCAMRD)
Center of Excellence in Coastal Resources Management,
Silliman University (COE-CRM)
Ieague of Municipalities of the Philippines (IMP)
Coastal Resource Management Project (CRMP)
|^|D B^|K O| E P|||PP||ES
Se|v|ng / Coun|y On ne R|se
AC!|\E REAl!Y AND
DE\ElPMEN! CRP. ARDC)
|E/OuE O| MuN|C|P/|||ES
O| E P|||PP|NES
25 E|n|n Oo|c|o S., Cuooo, Que/on C|y
e|. No.: 02} 124815 o 1
|o No.: 02} 12034
P|||PP|NE /SSOC|/ED SME||NO /ND RE||N|NO CORPOR/|ON
4n ||oo| Mo|n|ng So| Cene|
347 Sen. O|| J. Puyo /ve.
1200 Mo|o| C|y
e|. No.: 02} 873304
|un|||ne: 02} 87321 o 22 |oc. 215
|o No.: 02} 873257
DEP/RMEN O| EN\|RONMEN
/ND N/uR/| RESOuRCES
\|oyo /ve., D|||non, Que/on C|y
e|. No.: 02} 202211
|o No.: 02} 2482

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