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Circuit Symbols
ires | Supplies | !utput de"ices | S#itc$es | %esistors | Capacitors | &iodes | 'ransistors | Audio ( %adio | Meters | Sensors | Logic gates | &o#nload symbols

)e*t Page+ ,lectricity and t$e ,lectron Also see+ Circuit &iagrams Circuit symbols are used in circuit diagrams #$ic$ s$o# $o# a circuit is connected toget$er- '$e actual layout o. t$e components is usually /uite di..erent .rom t$e circuit diagram- 'o build a circuit you need a di..erent diagram s$o#ing t$e layout o. t$e parts on stripboard or printed circuit board-

Wires and connections Component


ire

Circuit Symbol

Function of Component
'o pass current "ery easily .rom one part o. a circuit to anot$erA 0blob0 s$ould be dra#n #$ere #ires are connected 1joined23 but it is sometimes omitted- ires connected at 0crossroads0 s$ould be staggered slig$tly to .orm t#o '4 junctions3 as s$o#n on t$e rig$t5n comple* diagrams it is o.ten necessary to dra# #ires crossing e"en t$oug$ t$ey are not connected- 5 pre.er t$e 0bridge0 symbol s$o#n on t$e rig$t because t$e simple crossing on t$e le.t may be misread as a join #$ere you $a"e .orgotten to add a 0blob06

ires joined

ires not joined

Power Supplies Component


Cell

Circuit Symbol

Function of Component
Supplies electrical energy'$e larger terminal 1on t$e le.t2 is positi"e 172A single cell is o.ten called a battery3 but strictly a battery is t#o or more cells joined toget$er-

8attery

Supplies electrical energy- A battery is more t$an one cell'$e larger terminal 1on t$e le.t2 is positi"e 172Supplies electrical energy&C 9 &irect Current3 al#ays .lo#ing in one directionSupplies electrical energyAC 9 Alternating Current3 continually c$anging directionA sa.ety de"ice #$ic$ #ill 0blo#0 1melt2 i. t$e current .lo#ing t$roug$ it e*ceeds a speci.ied "alue'#o coils o. #ire linked by an iron core'rans.ormers are used to step up 1increase2 and step do#n 1decrease2 AC "oltages,nergy is trans.erred bet#een t$e coils by t$e magnetic .ield in t$e core- '$ere is no electrical connection bet#een t$e coilsA connection to eart$- For many electronic circuits t$is is t$e ;< 1=ero "olts2 o. t$e po#er supply3 but .or mains electricity and some radio circuits it really means t$e eart$5t is also kno#n as ground-

&C supply

AC supply

Fuse

'rans.ormer

,art$ 1:round2

Output Devices: Lamps, Heater, Component


Lamp 1lig$ting2

otor, etc! Function of Component


A transducer #$ic$ con"erts electrical energy to lig$t- '$is symbol is used .or a lamp pro"iding illumination3 .or e*ample a car $eadlamp or torc$ bulbA transducer #$ic$ con"erts electrical energy to lig$t- '$is symbol is used .or a lamp #$ic$ is an indicator3 .or e*ample a #arning lig$t on a car das$boardA transducer #$ic$ con"erts electrical energy to $eatA transducer #$ic$ con"erts electrical energy to kinetic energy 1motion2-

Circuit Symbol

Lamp 1indicator2

Heater Motor

8ell

A transducer #$ic$ con"erts electrical energy to sound-

8u==er

A transducer #$ic$ con"erts electrical energy to soundA coil o. #ire #$ic$ creates a magnetic .ield #$en current passes t$roug$ it- 5t may $a"e an iron core inside t$e coil- 5t can be used as a transducer con"erting electrical energy to mec$anical energy by pulling on somet$ing-

5nductor 1Coil3 Solenoid2

Switc"es Component
Pus$ S#itc$ 1pus$4to4make2 Pus$4to48reak S#itc$ !n4!.. S#itc$ 1SPS'2

Circuit Symbol

Function of Component
A pus$ s#itc$ allo#s current to .lo# only #$en t$e button is pressed- '$is is t$e s#itc$ used to operate a doorbell'$is type o. pus$ s#itc$ is normally closed 1on23 it is open 1o..2 only #$en t$e button is pressedSPS' 9 Single Pole3 Single '$ro#An on4o.. s#itc$ allo#s current to .lo# only #$en it is in t$e closed 1on2 positionSP&' 9 Single Pole3 &ouble '$ro#A >4#ay c$angeo"er s#itc$ directs t$e .lo# o. current to one o. t#o routes according to its position- Some SP&' s#itc$es $a"e a central o.. position and are described as 0on4o..4on0&PS' 9 &ouble Pole3 Single '$ro#A dual on4o.. s#itc$ #$ic$ is o.ten used to s#itc$ mains electricity because it can isolate bot$ t$e li"e and neutral connections-

>4#ay S#itc$ 1SP&'2

&ual !n4!.. S#itc$ 1&PS'2

%e"ersing S#itc$ 1&P&'2

&P&' 9 &ouble Pole3 &ouble '$ro#'$is s#itc$ can be #ired up as a re"ersing s#itc$ .or a motor- Some &P&' s#itc$es $a"e a central o.. positionAn electrically operated s#itc$3 .or e*ample a ?< battery circuit connected to t$e coil can s#itc$ a >@;< AC mains circuit)! 9 )ormally !pen3 C!M 9 Common3 )C 9 )ormally Closed-

%elay

#esistors Component Circuit Symbol Function of Component


A resistor restricts t$e .lo# o. current3 .or e*ample to limit t$e current passing t$roug$ an L,&- A resistor is used #it$ a capacitor in a timing circuitSome publications still use t$e old resistor symbol+

%esistor

<ariable %esistor 1%$eostat2

'$is type o. "ariable resistor #it$ > contacts 1a r$eostat2 is usually used to control current- ,*amples include+ adjusting lamp brig$tness3 adjusting motor speed3 and adjusting t$e rate o. .lo# o. c$arge into a capacitor in a timing circuit'$is type o. "ariable resistor #it$ @ contacts 1a potentiometer2 is usually used to control "oltage- 5t can be used like t$is as a transducer con"erting position 1angle o. t$e control spindle2 to an electrical signal'$is type o. "ariable resistor 1a preset2 is operated #it$ a small scre#dri"er or similar tool- 5t is designed to be set #$en t$e circuit is made and t$en le.t #it$out .urt$er adjustment- Presets are c$eaper t$an normal "ariable resistors so t$ey are o.ten used in projects to reduce t$e cost-

<ariable %esistor 1Potentiometer2

<ariable %esistor 1Preset2

Capacitors

Component

Circuit Symbol

Function of Component
A capacitor stores electric c$arge- A capacitor is used #it$ a resistor in a timing circuit- 5t can also be used as a .ilter3 to block &C signals but pass AC signalsA capacitor stores electric c$arge- '$is type must be connected t$e correct #ay round- A capacitor is used #it$ a resistor in a timing circuit- 5t can also be used as a .ilter3 to block &C signals but pass AC signalsA "ariable capacitor is used in a radio tuner'$is type o. "ariable capacitor 1a trimmer2 is operated #it$ a small scre#dri"er or similar tool- 5t is designed to be set #$en t$e circuit is made and t$en le.t #it$out .urt$er adjustment-

Capacitor

Capacitor3 polarised

<ariable Capacitor

'rimmer Capacitor

Diodes Component
&iode L,&
Lig$t ,mitting &iode

Circuit Symbol

Function of Component
A de"ice #$ic$ only allo#s current to .lo# in one directionA transducer #$ic$ con"erts electrical energy to lig$tA special diode #$ic$ is used to maintain a .i*ed "oltage across its terminalsA lig$t4sensiti"e diode-

Aener &iode

P$otodiode

$ransistors Component Circuit Symbol Function of Component

'ransistor )P)

A transistor ampli.ies current- 5t can be used #it$ ot$er components to make an ampli.ier or s#itc$ing circuit-

'ransistor P)P

A transistor ampli.ies current- 5t can be used #it$ ot$er components to make an ampli.ier or s#itc$ing circuit-

P$ototransistor

A lig$t4sensiti"e transistor-

%udio and #adio Devices Component


Microp$one

Circuit Symbol

Function of Component
A transducer #$ic$ con"erts sound to electrical energyA transducer #$ic$ con"erts electrical energy to sound-

,arp$one

Loudspeaker

A transducer #$ic$ con"erts electrical energy to sound-

Pie=o 'ransducer

A transducer #$ic$ con"erts electrical energy to soundAn ampli.ier circuit #it$ one input- %eally it is a block diagram symbol because it represents a circuit rat$er t$an just one component-

Ampli.ier
1general symbol2

Aerial 1Antenna2

A de"ice #$ic$ is designed to recei"e or transmit radio signals- 5t is also kno#n as an antenna-

eters and Oscilloscope Component


<oltmeter

Circuit Symbol

Function of Component
A "oltmeter is used to measure "oltage'$e proper name .or "oltage is 0potential di..erence03 but most people pre.er to say "oltage6

Ammeter

An ammeter is used to measure currentA gal"anometer is a "ery sensiti"e meter #$ic$ is used to measure tiny currents3 usually BmA or lessAn o$mmeter is used to measure resistance- Most multimeters $a"e an o$mmeter settingAn oscilloscope is used to display t$e s$ape o. electrical signals and it can be used to measure t$eir "oltage and time period-

:al"anometer

!$mmeter

!scilloscope

Sensors &input devices' Component


L&%

Circuit Symbol

Function of Component
A transducer #$ic$ con"erts brig$tness 1lig$t2 to resistance 1an electrical property2L&% 9 Lig$t &ependent %esistor A transducer #$ic$ con"erts temperature 1$eat2 to resistance 1an electrical property2-

'$ermistor

Lo(ic )ates
Logic gates process signals #$ic$ represent true 1B3 $ig$3 7<s3 on2 or false 1;3 lo#3 ;<3 o..2For more in.ormation please see t$e Logic :ates page'$ere are t#o sets o. symbols+ traditional and 5,C 15nternational ,lectrotec$nical Commission2-

)ate

$raditional

*+C Symbol

Function of )ate

$ype

Symbol
A )!' gate can only $a"e one input'$e 0o0 on t$e output means 0not0- '$e output o. a )!' gate is t$e in"erse 1opposite2 o. its input3 so t$e output is true #$en t$e input is .alse- A )!' gate is also called an in"erterAn A)& gate can $a"e t#o or more inputs- '$e output o. an A)& gate is true #$en all its inputs are trueA )A)& gate can $a"e t#o or more inputs- '$e 0o0 on t$e output means 0not0 s$o#ing t$at it is a )ot A)& gate'$e output o. a )A)& gate is true unless all its inputs are trueAn !% gate can $a"e t#o or more inputs- '$e output o. an !% gate is true #$en at least one o. its inputs is trueA )!% gate can $a"e t#o or more inputs- '$e 0o0 on t$e output means 0not0 s$o#ing t$at it is a )ot !% gate'$e output o. a )!% gate is true #$en none o. its inputs are trueAn ,C4!% gate can only $a"e t#o inputs- '$e output o. an ,C4!% gate is true #$en its inputs are di..erent 1one true3 one .alse2An ,C4)!% gate can only $a"e t#o inputs- '$e 0o0 on t$e output means 0not0 s$o#ing t$at it is a )ot ,C4!% gate- '$e output o. an ,C4)!% gate is true #$en its inputs are t$e same 1bot$ true or bot$ .alse2-

)!'

A)&

)A)&

!%

)!%

,C4!%

,C4 )!%

Sets of circuit symbols to download


Dou can do#nload complete sets o. all t$e circuit symbols s$o#n abo"e- '$e sets are 0=ipped0 .or con"enience and t$ey are pro"ided in t$ree .ormats+ MF circuit symbols 1@>E2 4 indo#s Meta.iles'$ese "ector dra#ings are t$e best .ormat .or printed documents on most computer systems3

including indo#s #$ere t$ey can be used in ord documents .or e*ample- '$ey can be enlarged #it$out loss o. /uality- 5. you are not sure #$ic$ .ormat is best .or you 5 suggest you try t$is one .irst:5F circuit symbols 1F@E2 4 :rap$ics 5nterc$ange Format'$ese bitmap images are t$e best .ormat .or #eb pages but t$ey print poorly and t$eir bitmap nature #ill become ob"ious i. t$ey are enlarged- Dou can do#nload indi"idual symbols by sa"ing t$e images used abo"e on t$is page-

&ra#.ile circuit symbols 1>?E2 4 .or %5SC !S 1Acorn2 computers'$ese $ig$ /uality "ector dra#ings are suitable .or almost all documents on a %5SC !S computer- All t$e symbols #ere originally dra#n in t$is .ormat- '$ey print per.ectly and can be enlarged #it$out loss o. /uality- Sorry3 t$is .ormat is )!' suitable .or indo#s computers-

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