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PARTS OF SPEECH
The different kinds of words are called Parts of Speech. There are eight Parts of Speech:
1. NOUN 5. ADVERB
2. PRONOUN 6. PREPOSITION
3. ADJECTIVE 7. CONJUNCTION
4. VERB 8. INTERJECTION
1. NOUN
A NOUN is a word used to give a name to a person or a thing or a place.
e.g. The book is on the desk.
Peter saw a snake in the garden.
Write 10 nouns
2. PRONOUN
A PRONOUN is a word used instead of NOUN.
e.g. May was afraid because she saw a snake
Napoleon was a great man. He was a French.
Write 10 pronouns
3. ADJECTIVE
AN ADJECTIVE is a word used to add something to the meaning of a NOUN or a PRONOUN.
e.g. A strong man killed a fierce tiger
Tom is a fat boy.
Write 10 adjectives
4. VERB
A VERB is a word used to tell something that the NOUN does.
e.g. Tom is a clever and kind.
P.1
My sister fell from the top of a house.
Write 10 verbs
5. ADVERB
AN ADVERB is a word used to add something to a VERB,
an ADJECTIVE, or another ADVERB
e.g. The water is very hot
The girl sings sweetly
A snake crept very quickly through the grass.
Write 10 adverbs
6. PREPOSITION
A PREPOSITION is a word placed before a NOUN or PRONOUN,
to show its relation to other words.
e.g. I put my hand on the table.
I am pointing to the picture.
He is running up the hill.
Write 10 prepositions
7. CONJUNCTION
A CONJUNCTION is a word used to join words, phrases, or sentences together.
e.g. John is fat and tall.
You will be sick if you eat too much.
The girl is thin but the boy is fat.
Write 10 conjunctions
8. INTERJECTTION
A INTERJECTTION is a word used sentence to express feeling of the mind.
e.g. Hurrah! We shall have a holiday on Monday.
P.2
Oh! How foolish I was to lose it.
Alas! My aunt lost her child.
Write 10 interjections
P.3
PRONOUNS
1. If a word is used instead of a noun, it is called a PRONOUN.
Examples:
A. The boy is very happy. He is playing football.
In this sentence the word “He” stands for the noun “boy”,
so “He” is a pronoun.
B. Mary is a good girl. She works very hard.
In this sentence the word “She” stands for the proper noun “Mary”,
so “She” is a pronoun.
PERSONAL PRONOUNS
A Personal Pronoun is used to replace the name of a person or thing.
e.g. I, You, He, She, It, They, We.
As subjects
Singular Plural
I am a pupil. We are pupils.
You are a pupil. You are pupils.
He is a pupil. They are pupils.
She is a pupil. They are pupils.
It is a dog. They are dogs.
As objects
Singular Plural
My mother helps me. My mother helps us.
Singular Plural
The cakes are his. The cakes are theirs.
The cakes are hers. The cakes are theirs.
P.4
The cakes are its. The cakes are theirs.
Possessive Adjectives are used with nouns and do the work of Adjectives.
Singular Plural
These are my cakes. These are our cakes.
These are yours cakes. These are your cakes.
These are his cakes. These are their cakes.
These are her cakes. These are their cakes.
These are its cakes. These are their cakes.
The following table shows different forms of the Personal Pronouns and their corresponding Possessive
Pronouns and Possessive Adjectives.
Personal Pronoun Possessive Personal Pronoun Possessive Reflexive
Subjective Case Adjective Objective Case Pronoun Pronoun
I my me mine myself
you (Singular) yours you yours yourself
he his him his himself
she her her hers herself
it its it its itself
we our us ours ourselves
you (Plural) your you yours yourselves
they their them their themselves
P.5
It belongs to them. It is its.
It is their book.
It is theirs.
P.6
ADJECTIVES
AN ADJECTIVE is a word used to qualify a NOUN.
Examples:
I am a good boy
He is a fat man
P.7
An interrogative adjective is used to ask a question. _______________________________
e.g. Whose ruler is this?
What kind of a woman is she? _______________________________
Which pupil comes first?
_______________________________
ADVERBS
AN ADVERB is a word tells us more about a verb. It may also be used to tell more about an
ADJECTIVE or another ADVERB.
A. Kinds of Adverbs:
(1) Adverbs of Time
Adverbs of Time tell us the time when an action _______________________________
happens. They answer the question “WHEN?”
e.g. I saw him yesterday. _______________________________
(Q: When did you see him?)
He phoned you a few minutes ago. _______________________________
(Q: When did he phone you?)
P.8
is done. They answer the questions
“HOW OFTEN?” or “HOW MANY TIMES?” _______________________________
e.g. He washes his hair once a week.
(Q: How often does he wash his hair?) _______________________________
He went there four times.
(Q: How many times did he go there?)
B. Formation of Adverbs:
(a) Most adverbs are formed generally from adjectives by adding “-ly”
Adjective Adverb Adjective Adverb
bright brightly large largely
beautiful beautifully loud loudly
brave bravely glad gladly
clever cleverly near nearly
deep deeply wild wildly
P.9
ready readily happy happily
P.10
PREPOSITIONS
A preposition is a word put before noun or a pronoun to show the relation between the noun or the
pronoun to other words in the same sentence.
Prepositions of Time
(f) “FROM”
from one place to another from England
from New York from town to town
P.11
Prepositions of Place
(d) “INTO” differs form “IN”. The latter denotes position or rest, while the former denotes motion.
e.g. A boy walked in to the house in which we were living. He was in the house.
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P.12
CONJUNCTIONS
2. But
He is rich but he is sad.
He is poor but he is honest.
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3. Before
Think it over before you answer.
My father died before I was born.
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4. After
He went home after he had gone shopping.
He started his journey after the rain had stopped.
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5. Because
Will you give me some financial help because I am usually hard up?
He stays at home for two weeks because he has broken his leg.
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6. Though (Although)
Though the weather was hot, he did not feel sticky.
Although he worked very hard, he still failed in the examination.
P.13
(Note: Do not use “but” after using “though” or “although”.)
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P.14
7. Unless
You will not be promoted unless you work hard.
I shall miss the bus unless I go immediately.
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8. Otherwise
Get up early, otherwise you will be late for school.
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9. Or
Take it, or leave it.
Take this medicine or you will die.
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10. If
If he studies hard, he will pass the examination.
I shall come to you if I have time.
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11. When
When you were young, you were very naughty.
When the cat is away, the mice will play.
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2. Neither … nor
She neither sings nor laughs.
P.15
I like neither this nor that.
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3. Both … and
Thomas is a tall and fat man.
He is a clever and honest man.
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5. So … that
She is so lovely that every one like her.
The machine was so complicated that no one could operate it.
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6. As soon as
He opened the window as soon as I left.
As soon as he came home, he went to sleep.
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7. In order that
He put it on the notice board in order that all should know.
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8. So that
Will you open that door so that I can go out?
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P.16