Section A

[60 marks]
Answer all questions.

1 Diagram 1 shows two organelles, X and Y in a cell.

X Y
Diagram 1
(a) Name organelle :
(i) X : …………………………… Y : ……………………………

[2 marks]
(b) (i) Suggest the cells in which these organelles are found in abundance.

(i) X : …………………………… Y : ………………………………

[2 marks]
(ii) Which of these organelles are found in both animal and plant cell ?

……… .. ……………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(c) State the main function of organelle X and name the process involved.

……………………………………………………………………………………..

[2 marks]
(d) (i) Explain the process that occur in T

…………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………

[3 marks ]
(ii) Predict what happens to the cells if organelle Y is damaged.

………………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]
2.

Diagram 2

Diagram 2 shows the movement of substances through the cell

membrane .

(a) Give one example of particles that move through P , Q and R.

P ; ………………………………………………………………

Q : ……………………………………………………………..

R : ………………………………………………………………… [ 3 marks]

(b) (i) What is the type of passive transport that occur at Q

………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]

ii) State two features of the particle that enables it to pass through
the phospholipid bilayers of the cell membrane

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]

(c) Explain why protein molecules are needed in the transportation of

certain molecules across the membrane ?

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
 (d) A poisonous substance , cyanide enters the cell . After a while ,
certain particles could no longer pass through passage R , but passage P
and Q are still functional . Explain why.

………………………………………………………………………………
……………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…
………………………………………………………………………………………
……

……………………………………………………………………………………………

[4 marks]

3 Diagram 3 shows the liver, intestine and the related blood vessels in the human
body.

Diagram 3

a) (i) Name the blood vessel labeled P.

…………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(ii) State one nutrient that is not transported by P after taking a meal.

…………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
b) (i) Explain what happens to the following nutrients transported to the liver.

Glucose : …………………………………………………………………………...

……………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………
 [3 marks]

Amino acids : ………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………
[3 Marks]
(ii) Besides glucose and amino acids, state other two substances that are being
transported by P.

………………………………………………………………...………………………
[2 Marks]

c) Describe briefly the regulations of lipid.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………
[3 Marks]

4. Diagram 4 (i) shows a part of an animal cell together with a few of cell organelles
involved in the synthesis of organic molecule Y. Diagram 4(ii) shows the
components of molecule X.

Rough endoplasmic
reticulum Plasma
membrane
X P

Nucleus

Amino acids in
cytoplasm

Molecule Y

Diagram 4(i)
 R

sugar

Diagram 4(ii)
(a) Name molecules X and Y.

…..……………………………………………………………………………[ 1 mark ]
(b) Molecule Y is synthesized in organelles P. What is P?
…………………………………………………………………………………[ 1 mark ]
(c) Synthesis of molecule Y is a very specific process. It depends on the
information contained in molecule X.
(i) What is the nature or type of the information contained in molecule X.

..…………………………………………………………………………[ 1 mark ]
(ii) How is the information carried out from the nucleus to organelle P?

….……………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………
[ 2 marks ]
(d) Diagram 4(ii) shows the basic unit of molecule X.
(i) What is the basic unit of molecule X ?

…………………………………………………………………………………[ 1 mark ]
(ii) Name the structures R and Q that form the basic unit of molecule X.

……………………………………………………………………………[ 2 marks ]

(e) (i) Give one example of molecule Y which is synthesized in human pancreas.
..…………………………………………………………………………………
[ 1 mark ]
(ii) What is the significance of the molecule in (e) (i) for human being?

……………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………… [ 1 mark ]
5. Diagram 5 shows cell P and cell Q undergoes prophase stage for two types of
cell division in an animal cell.

Cell P Cell Q
Diagram 5

(a) What is the chromosome number in cell P?

.......................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(b) Which cell undergoes meiosis? Give one reason for your answer.

......................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................[2

marks]

(c) Draw the cell in detail to show the stages of metaphase and anaphase in cell
Q. [ 3 marks]
Metaphase Anaphase

(d) State the chromosome behaviour at the stages of metaphase and anaphase of
cell P.
Metaphase:…………………………………………………………………………………

Anaphase:………………………………………………………………………………….
[2 marks]
(e) Diagram 6 shows the formation of cancer cell in the mouth.

Carsinogenic
chemical

Normal cheek cell Cancer cells

Diagram 6
Based on Diagram 6 , explain how cancer cell develops
…………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………[ 2 marks ]

(f) Explain the importance of mitosis in the process of cloning banana plants.

…………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………[ 3 marks ]
 Section B
[ 40 marks]

Answer any two questions from this section

6.

Plant Q
Diagram 7

(a) Diagram 7 shows a plant species P with green leaves on a tree trunk.
(i) Describe the relationship between species P and the host plant, Q. [4 marks]
(ii) Explain how species P obtains their needs and adapted to the environment
[6 marks]
(b) Diagram 8 shows types of interaction between two organisms in an ecosystem.
Explain how
Organism
population/
wolf
arbitrary
unit rabbit

Diagram 8 Time/month

the interaction between the two organisms controls each other population.
[10 marks]
7. (a) Diagram 9 shows the surface of the alveolus and blood capillaries in the lung.
Explain simple diffusion which occurs alveolus .
[4marks]

(b) Explain why

i. If plants are given too much fertilizer such as potassium nitrate, wilting
occurs.
ii. Fruit such as rambutan, pineapple and grape can be preserved longer
using sugar solution.
iii. Why a person who was adrifted in sea should not drink sea water.
[10 marks]
(c) Make a comparison between passive transport and active transport.
[6 marks]
 8. (a) Diagram 10a, 10b and 10c show graphs the effect of carbon dioxide
concentration, light intensity and temperature changes on the rate of
photosynthesis of a green plant.

Rate of Rate of
photosynthesis photosynthesis

Carbon dioxide concentration Light intensity

Diagram 10a Diagram 10b

Rate of
photosynthesis

10 20 30 40 Temperature(°C)

Diagram 10c

By using the above information, describe how the leaves are stuctured so that the
rate of photosynthesis is maximum in plants. [10 marks]
(b)

Diagram 11(a)

Diagram 11 (b) Diagram 11 (c)

Diagram 11(a) shows food pyramid which is needed by the woman who is not
pregnant. A pregnant mother is found to consume daily diet as shown in Diagram
11(b) while Diagram 11(c) shows a daily habit of the mother.

Based on the three Diagrams above, justify how a daily habit of the mother may
affect the growth and development of the foetus . [10 marks]
9. (a)

The thinning of the ozone layer is an environmental issue which is always being
discussed. Describe the effect of the thinning of the ozone layer on the
environment and living organisms on the earth. Suggest different ways to
solve this problem.
[10marks]
a) (b) Diagram 9 shows sources of greenhouse gases from human activities
and natural processes Explain the sources of greenhouse gases.
[10marks]