Bianca Yugar APUSH Calero 6

Chapter #28: Progressivism and the Republican Roosevelt Big Picture Themes 1. The Progressives grew out of the Populist (or Peoples) Party and sought to orre t in!usti es. 2. Progressives and "#u $ra$er% writers atta $ed ity orruption& orporate greed& poor living and wor$ing onditions& al ohol& and wo#ens right to vote. 'a h of these ills saw laws and(or )#end#ents passed to atte#pt to *etter the ondition. +. Teddy ,oosevelt #ade a na#e for hi#self as a "trust-*uster%. That is& he *ro$e up a few high-profile o#panies that he said were #onopolies (or trusts). .usting trusts and thus reating o#petition was to *enefit the average person. /. 0e also o*tained huge tra ts of land& usually out 1est& for par$s and onservation. 2. ,oosevelt pi $ed Taft to follow hi#& *ut Taft *egan to stray fro# ,oosevelts ways and the two split. Chapter# 28: Identifications Jacob Riis ) 3anish i##igrant& he was a reporter for the 4ew 5or$ 6un. 0e wrote "0ow the 7ther 0alf 8ives&% whi h sho $ed people on the atro ious living onditions so#e )#eri ans in the slu#s lived through. Ida Tarbell ) !ournalist who atta $ed and *rought ru ial attention to the i##ense pro*le#s of the 6tandard 7il Co#pany. This in hed towards their de#ise than$s to the trust*usters. Robert M. LaFollete 8a 9ollette was the governor of 1is onsin and atta $ed #any so ial pro*le#s as he ould. This in luding ur*ing the lu#*er and railroads #otives& and regulated pu*li utilities. harles !vans "ughes 0ughes was a refor#ist ,epu*li an as a governor of 4ew 5or$. 0e investigated the #alpra ti es of gas& insuran e& and oal o#panies. #pton $inclair 6in lair was the author of "The :ungle% whi h was a story on the devastating truth of the #eat pa $ing *usiness. ;t *rought attention to the people a*out the plight of the wor$ers and disgusted the# as well. Initiative

Bianca Yugar APUSH Calero 6

1here voters ould initiate laws rather than waiting and *egging a legislator to do their !o*. Referendum 1here voters ould vote proposed *ills into law& going around in apa*le legislators altogether. Recall 1here voters ould re#ove ele ted offi ials rather than waiting for their ter# to e<pire. The idea was that sin e the people voted the# in& they ould vote the# out as well. Muc%ra%ers =u $ra$ers were a new group of so ial riti s who e<posed what they thought was orruption or in!usti e. They pu*lished their ideas in refor# #inded and li*eral #aga>ines. They were often very effe tive& *ut unappre iated *y T,. !l%ins &ct ;n 1?@+& this a t ai#ed at *anning and prose uting the re*ates awarded *y railroaders. 0eavy fines were now i#posed on those who gave re*ates and shippers that too$ the#. "epburn &ct This a t pla ed restri tions on free passes that were handed out *y railroads. it in reased the si>e of the interstate o##er e o##ission& gave power to the ;CC& and reAuired the adoption of unifor# a ounting pra ti es. 'orthern $ecurities ase )s a trust*uster& T, went after the *ad trusts li$e the 4orthern 6e urities Co#pany that was run *y :P =organ and :a#es 0ill. ;t split this o#pany into s#aller o#panies& granting T, a trust*uster i#age. Meat Inspection &ct This a t reAuired that the preparation of #eat that was *rought over state lines was su*!e t to federal inspe tion& and regulated the large #eatpa $ers& *ut it did drive s#aller o#petitors out of *usiness. Pure Food and (rug &ct ;n 1?@B& this a t was #ade to prevent the adulteration and #isla*eling of foods and phar#a euti als. 'e)lands &ct

Bianca Yugar APUSH Calero 6

This a t passed the huge irrigation pro!e ts entered out 1est& su h as the ,oosevelt 3a# and other da#s that *rought life to the dead land to help with T,s onservation poli ies.
(ollar diplomac*

3ollar 3iplo#a y was an idea that was proposed *y Taft so that )#eri ans would invest in foreign ountries to not only gain power in the C6& *ut also to #a$e #oney. Pa*ne+&ldrich &ct The Payne-)ldri h ) t redu ed prote tive tariffs. 0owever this was not good for Taft as it angered the ,epu*li ans sin e they were for higher tariffs. Ballinger+Pinchot &ffair Taft got involved with .allinger who said that lands in 1yo#ing& =ontana& and )las$a would *e open for develop#ent& *ut Pin hot was angered *y this *e ause he was all for onservation. Pin hot was fired and T, was #ad that his *uddy had to go away.

Chapter #28: Duided ,eading Euestions Progressive ,oots Fnow: Progressives& 8aisse>-faire& 0enry 3e#arest 8loyd& :a o* ,iis& Theodore 3reiser& :ane )dda#s& 8illian 1eld 1. 1hat were the goals of the ProgressivesG Through strengthening the state *y giving #ore powers to the govern#ent& the Progressives wanted to stop #onopolies& orruption& ineffi ien y& and so ial in!usti e. )ll in all& they wanted to i#prove hu#an welfare. ,a$ing =u $ with the =u $ra$ers Fnow: = ClureHs& 8in oln 6teffens& ;da =. Tar*ell& Tho#as 1. 8awson& 3avid D. Phillips& ,ay 6tannard .a$er& :ohn 6pargo 2. 1hat issues were addressed *y the #a!or #u $ra$ersG The #u $ra$ers were so ial riti s were a*le to e<pose in!usti e and orruption throughout the so iety. 6teffens e<posed ity orruption in *ig *usiness& Tar*ell e<posed the *usiness ta ti s of *ig ro**er *arons& and Phillips e<posed how the C6 6enators represented *ig *usinesses rather than the people. Politi al Progressivis# Fnow: 3ire t Pri#ary 'le tions& ;nitiative& ,eferendu#& ,e all& )ustralian .allot& =illionairesH Clu*& 6eventeenth )#end#ent& 6uffragists +. 3efine ea h of the #a!or politi al refor#s that progressives desired. The progressives desired #a!or politi al refor#s su h as: initiative& where voters ould initiate lawsI referendu#& where voters ould vote proposed *ills into lawI re all& where voters ould re#ove

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ele ted offi ials rather than waiting for his ter# to e<pireI se ret *allot ()ustralian *allot)& to get a true vote and avoid inti#idation. Progressivis# in the Cities and 6tates Fnow: ,o*ert =. 8a 9ollette& The 1is onsin ;dea& 0ira# 1. :ohnson& Charles 'vans 0ughes /. 1hat hanges did progressives #a$e at the ity and state levelG Pla es li$e Dalveston Te<as used the ity-#anager syste# where trained professionals were used in fields of ity #anage#ent. 8o al progressives #anaged to loo$ into slu#lords& prostitution& and !uvenile delinAuen y. Progressive 1o#en Fnow: Triangle 6hirtwaist Co#pany& =uller v. 7regon& 8o hner v. 4ew 5or$& 1o#anHs Christian Te#peran e Cnion& 9ran es '. 1illard& J1etJ and J3ryJ 2. 0ow su essful were Progressives in o#*ating so ial illsG ;n o#*atting so ial ills& the Progressives were su essfully a*le to gain #ore rights for #any individuals. 6weatshops were atta $ed and refor#ed& the 18th )#end#ent *anned al ohol& and wo#en were granted laws that helped their wor$ing selves. T,Hs 6Auare 3eal for 8a*or Fnow: 6Auare 3eal& 3epart#ent of Co##er e and 8a*or B. 1hat were the three CHs of the 6Auare 3ealG The three Cs of the 6Auare 3eal were the ontrol of orporations& onsu#er prote tion& and onservation of natural resour es. T, Corrals the Corporations Fnow: 'l$ins ) t& 0ep*urn ) t& Trust*usting& 4orthern 6e urities Co#pany K. )ssess the following state#ent& JTeddy ,ooseveltHs reputation as a trust*uster is undeserved.J 6in e Teddy ,oosevelt *elieved that there were su h things as *ad trusts and good trusts& he $ept trusts that he *eliever were deserving. 0e *elieved that in $eeping good trusts& it would prevent *ad ones fro# *eing *ad. 0owever& Taft was the true trust*uster. Caring for the Consu#er Fnow: The :ungle& =eat ;nspe tion ) t 8. 1hat was the effe t of Cpton 6in lairHs *oo$& The :ungleG 6in lairs *oo$& "The :ungle% was a*out the #eatpa $ing industry and it atro ious onditions. 0e ai#ed at getting #ore attention to the #eat pa $ing wor$ers& *ut instead got )#eri ans to thin$ twi e a*out their #eat and initiated a tion fro# Congress. The =eat ;nspe tion ) t and the Pure 9ood and 3rug ) t soon followed. 'arth Control Fnow: 9orest ,eserve ) t& Difford Pin hot& 4ewlands ) t& Conservation& Call of the 1ild& .oy 6 outs& 6ierra Clu*

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?. 1hat fa tors led )#eri ans to ta$e an a tive interest in onservationG Teddy ,oosevelt was on erned a*out the depletion of )#eri as wood and #inerals. People li$e Pin hot and =uir helped spea$ out for nature. .oo$s li$e :a $ 8ondons were outdoorsy and *e a#e in reasingly popular. The J,oosevelt Pani J of 1?@K 1@. 1hat were the results of the ,oosevelt Pani of 1?@KG The results of the ,oosevelt Pani of 1?@K in luded the depletion of 1all 6treet& *ad *an$s& high sui ide rates& and snea$y deals a#ong 1all 6treet spe ulators. The )ldri h-Lreeland ) t authori>ed national *an$s to release #oney into ir ulation& whi h paved the way for the 9ederal ,eserve ) t of 1?1+. The ,ough ,ider Thunders 7ut Fnow: 1illia# 0oward Taft& 'ugene L. 3e*s 11. 1hat was the lega y of Teddy ,ooseveltHs presiden yG 6in e Teddy was i##ensely popular a#ong the #asses& he wanted the ne<t president to have the sa#e poli ies as he did. 0e endorsed 1illia# 0oward Taft to *e left as his lega y& and he won on T,s popularity. 0e ta#ed apitalis#& in reased the Presidents power& initiated refor#s& and *rought the C6 to a great world power. Taft: ) ,ound Peg in a 6Auare 0ole 12. J1illia# 0oward Taft was less suited for the presiden y than he appeared to *e.J '<plain ;nitially& Taft loo$ed li$e he ould *e the President without a sweat sin e he was li$a*le and had the e<perien e to do so. 0owever& Tafts ways of handling things were different than T,s& and he was only #ildly progressive. The 3ollar Does )*road as a 3iplo#at Fnow: 3ollar 3iplo#a y 1+. 1hat was dollar diplo#a y and how was it pra ti edG 3ollar 3iplo#a y was where )#eri ans were to invest in foreign ountries to gain #ore power& it was introdu ed *y Taft. ;t strengthened the C6 and #ade us ri her. ;t was used *y investing in 0aiti and 0onduras& and used it in Chinas =an huria railroads. Taft the Trust*uster Fnow: ,ule of ,eason 1/. 1ho deserves the ni $na#e JTrust*uster&J ,oosevelt or TaftG Taft definitely deserves the ni $na#e trust*uster. 0e *rought ?@ lawsuits against trusts in his offi e ter#. 0e *ro$e he 6tandard 7il Co#pany into s#aller pie es& and even *ro$e the C6 6teel Co#pany. Taft 6plits the ,epu*li an Party Fnow: Payne-)ldri h Tariff& ,i hard .allinger& Difford Pin hot& :oe Cannon 12. 1hy did the Progressive wing of the ,epu*li an Party turn against TaftG

Bianca Yugar APUSH Calero 6

The progressive wing of the ,epu*li an Party turned against Taft *e ause of the tariff and the onservation of lands. The ,epu*li ans wanted a higher tariff than the progressives. 0is involve#ent with the .allinger-Pin hot Auarrel also #ade hi# unpopular in the ,epu*li an Party. The Taft-,oosevelt ,upture 1B. 0ow did the ,epu*li an Party split at the partyHs 1?12 onventionG )t the 1?12 onvention& the ,epu*li an party split *e ause T, was upset at Tafts poli ies and wanted to *e *a $ in offi e. .oth Taft and T, wanted a part in the andida y& and they *oth were. Taft was no#inated at the ,epu*li an andidate& and ,oosevelt was no#inated as a third party andidate for the Progressives.

Chapter #2?: ,ilsonian Progressivism &broad Big Picture Themes 1. 1ilson won the presiden y #ainly *e ause Teddy ,oosevelt ran as a third-party andidate and split the ,epu*li an vote with Taft. 2. 1ilson was an idealist and progressive who sought to lean up pro*le#s. 0e atta $ed the tariff as too high& *an$s as orrupt *y the ri h& and trusts as #il$ing the people.

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+. 1ilson hated war and wanted )#eri an foreign poli y to *e fair and !ust to all. Conditions in 8atin )#eri a& however& for ed this pea eful president to ta$e #ilitary a tion. 4ota*ly& he ordered the C6 )r#y to hase Pan ho Lilla in =e<i o. /. ;n 'urope& war had *egun. ;n the )tlanti o ean& Der#an su*s *egan to sin$ sin$s arrying )#eri ans& nota*ly the 8usitania. 1ilson tried to $eep )#eri a out of the war& and did& for the ti#e *eing. Chapter #2?: Identifications Eugene Debs 'ugene L 3e*s was the andidate for the 6o ialist party in the ele tion of 1?12. 0e gained BM of the popular vote whi h showed that the people of the ti#e li$ed what they had to say. Pancho -illa Pan ho was a =e<i an revolutionary that $illed several )#eri ans in =e<i o& he was onsidered the =e<i an ,o*in 0ood. 0e was onsidered as a thief *y #any& *ut loved *y others. John J. Pershing 1ilson was angered at Pan ho so he sent Pershing to apture hi# along with a few thousand troops& *ut they ould not at h hi#. 0owever& he was re alled when 11; *ro$e out. entral Po)ers The Central Powers during 11; in luded Der#any& )ustria-0ungary& and Tur$ey& or *asi ally the 7tto#an '#pire. &llies The )llied Powers in luded ,ussia& 9ran e& 'ngland& and )ustralia. The )#eri ans favored and sided with this power even though they re#ained neutral at first.
Lusitania

The greatest C-*oat atta $ *y Der#any& it $illed 128 )#eri ans. This angered )#eri a and #any wanted to all for war. $usse. Pledge This pledge given *y the Der#ans said that they pro#ised that no other atta $s would *e #ade on ships without warning.
Federal Reserve &ct

Bianca Yugar APUSH Calero 6

a t reated the 9ederal ,eserve .oard to #a$e *road refor#s to the nations outdated *an$ing syste# fro# the Civil 1ar era. 'e) 'ationalism ;nspired *y "Pro#ise of )#eri an 8ife&% it was endorsed *y Teddy ,oosevelt as it leaved good trusts alone *ut sha#ed and too$ down *ad trusts. ;t also pushed for fe#ale suffrage and so ial progra#s li$e #in wage laws.
'e) Freedom

reated b* ,ilson/ this

Pushed *y 3e#o rati 1ilson& it was a plan that supported s#all *usiness and wanted to *ust all trusts& even if they were good or *ad. ;t did not in lude so ial welfare progra#s li$e 4ew 4ationalis#. #nder)ood Tariff )s 1ilson wanted atta $ the triple wall of privilege& he ena ted this tariff whi h redu ed tariff rates on i#ports and started a gradual in o#e ta< with the 1Bth )#end#ent. Federal Trade ommission This new *oard oversaw 12 regional federal *an$s. They were also given the power to issue paper #oney& or 9ederal ,eserve 4otes. 4ow they ould regulate the a#ount of #oney in ir ulation. la*ton &ntitrust &ct This ) t strengthened the #u h needed 6her#an )nti-Trust ) t. ;t #ade trust pra ti es su h as illegal su h as pri e dis ri#ination and interlo $ing dire torates. ;t e<e#pted la*or unions fro# *eing onsidered trusts and legali>ed stri$es.

Chapter #2? ;dentifi ations The J.ull =ooseJ Ca#paign of 1?12 Fnow: .ull =oose& 4ew 4ationalis#& 4ew 9reedo# 1. '<plain the differen e *etween ,ooseveltHs for# of progressivis# and 1ilsonHs. 9or ,oosevelt& he had an idea alled "4ew 4ationalis#&% whi h pushed for fe#ale suffrage and so ial progra#s li$e #ini#u# wage laws and so ial insuran e progra#s& and that there were good trusts and *ad trusts. 7n the other hand& 1ilson had a platfor# alled "4ew 9reedo#&% whi h supported s#all *usinesses and wanted to end all trusts. 0owever this did not in lude so ial welfare progra#s li$e ,oosevelts.

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1oodrow 1ilson: ) =inority President 2. JThe N1?12O ele tion results are fas inating.J '<plain. 'veryone was e<pe ting a ,epu*li an to win. )fter 1B years& there had *een a ,epu*li an president in offi e. 6in e the ,epu*li an party was split& so were their votes& giving the presiden y to the 3e#o rats with their presidential andidate& 1oodrow 1ilson. 1ilson: The ;dealist in Politi s +. 0ow did 1ilsonHs personality and past affe t the way he ondu ted hi#self as presidentG 6in e he was fro# the 6outh& he sy#pathi>ed with their struggle. 0e was a great spea$er than$s to his #inister father. 0e was very stu**orn& #eaning hat so#eti#es it would lead to nothing getting done. 1ilson was a very s#art individual& and he felt that everyone *elow hi# was not a relata*le #an. This #ade hi# #u h different than T,& a #an of the people. 1ilson Ta $les the Tariff Fnow: Cnderwood Tariff /. 1hat were the three parts of the Jtriple wall of privilegeGJ The three parts of the "triple wall of privilege% were the tariff& the *an$s& and the trusts& all in whi h 1ilson tried to *rea$ down. 1ilson .attles the .an$ers Fnow: The 9ederal ,eserve ) t 2. 0ow was the 9ederal ,eserve 6yste# different than the *an$ing syste# that e<isted in the C.6. in 1?1+G The 9ederal ,eserve syste# was new and updated o#pared to the 4ational .an$ing ) t during the Civil 1ar. The 9ederal ,eserve .oard oversaw 12 regional federal *an$s& it was given the power to issue paper #oney #eaning that it ould regulate the a#ount of #oney in ir ulation. The President Ta#es the Trusts Fnow: 9ederal Trade Co##ission ) t& Clayton )nti-Trust ) t B. 0ow did 1ilson ur* the trustsG 1ilson ur*ed the trusts *y strengthening the old 6her#an )nti-Trust ) t and reva#ping it with the Clayton )nti-Trust ) t. ;t #ade it illegal to dis ri#inate against different people with pri es& so that everyone would have the sa#e pri e. ;t also legali>ed stri$es& and e<e#pted la*or unions fro# *eing onsidered trusts. 1ilsonian Progressivis# at 0igh Tide Fnow: The 9ederal 9ar# 8oan ) t& 1arehouse ) t& 8a 9ollette 6ea#enHs ) t& 1or$ing#enHs Co#pensation ) t& )da#son ) t& 8ouis 3. .randeis K. 3es ri*e so#e of the positive and negative out o#es of 1ilsons progressive legislation and a tions. 9ar#ers were offered lowered interests loans with the 9ederal 9ar# 8oan ) t& and the 1arehouse ) t offered loans on se urity of staple rops. 1or$ers #ade *ig progress with 1ilson& however *la $s in )#eri a were #oved toward greater segregation. 4ew 3ire tions in 9oreign Poli y

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Fnow: 0aiti 8. Contrast 1ilsonHs ideas of foreign poli y with those of ,oosevelt and Taft. Co#pared to ,oosevelt and Taft& 1ilsons poli ies were pea eful. 0e got China out of B loans and the repealed the Pana#a Canal ) t. ;nstead of using #oney in foreign nations li$e T, and Taft& he used troops to $eep ontrol. =oralisti 3iplo#a y in =e<i o Fnow: Li toriano 0uerta& Lenustiano Carran>a& 9ran is o (JPan hoJ) Lilla& ).C Powers& :ohn :. (J.la $ :a $J) Pershing ?. 1hy did =e<i o give su h trou*le to the 1ilson ad#inistrationG =e<i o was upset at )#eri a for using their resour e for railroads& #ines& and oil. They finally wanted to revolt sin e they were so poor. )nd due to the assassination of Deneral Li toriano 0uerta& there was a #assive #igration of =e<i ans to Te<as& 4ew =e<i o& and California. Thunder ) ross the 6ea Fnow: Central Powers& )llied Powers 1@. 1hat aused 'urope to plunge into 11; in 1?1/G 1hen )ustrian 9ran> 9erdinand was assassinated *y a 6er*ian nationalist& de ade long tensions had *een set off and war had *egun a ross 'urope. The great powers of 'urope hose whi h side they wanted to *e on& either with the Central Powers or the )llied Powers. ) Pre arious 4eutrality Fnow: Faiser 1ilhel# ;; 11. 1hat aused an offi ially neutral )#eri a to turn against the Central PowersG 6in e the )llied Powers had #ost of the ultural& politi al& and e ono#i ties with )#eri a& )#eri a was leaning towards their side rather than the Central Powers. )dditionally& )#eri a felt that the Central powers were trying to sa*otage their industries. )#eri a 'arns .lood =oney Fnow: 6u*#arine& 8usitania& )ra*i & 6usse< 12. 0ow did Der#anyHs use of su*#arines lead to tense relations with the C.6.G Der#any wanted to atta $ the C6 with su*#arines to affe t their their trade with the )llied powers. They used "unrestri ted su*#arine warfare% on the )llies and anyone who supported the#. 1hen the Der#ans atta $ed 8usitania& the )#eri ans were Auestioning their neutrality. 1ilson 1ins ,eele tion in 1?1B Fnow: Charles 'vans 0ughes& J0e Fept Cs 7ut of 1arJ 1+. 1hat were the $eys to 1ilsonHs ele toral vi tory in 1?1BG 9or 1ilson& the fa t that he was a*le to $eep )#eri a out of the war was i##ensely signifi ant for the )#eri ans state of #ind. 'ven through the atta $s *y Der#any& 1ilson was a*le to re#ain neutral.

Bianca Yugar APUSH Calero 6

Larying Liewpoints: 1ho 1ere the ProgressivesG Fnow: ,i hard 0ofstadter& 4ew 8eft 0istorians 1/. 1hi h answer to the Auestion a*ove see#s orre t to youG 1hyG To #e& the #iddle lass so iety that ,i hard 0ofstader des ri*ed were the progressives. 'ven though they did do it due to pressure fro# a*ove and *elow& they did help the so itey as a whole. There were *etter refor#s for the wor$ers in far# la*or and fa tory la*or& and the *ig *usiness #en a*ove were stopped in their tra $s for their de ades of orruption. The wor$ of these progressive individuals and refor#s helped get )#eri a out of the Dilded )ge.