U I

ECE 420 Lecture 12

Using PSCAD to Create and Run Time Domain Simulations

B.K. Johnson

Spring 2014

U I

Electromagnetic Transients

ECE 420 Lecture 12

Power systems normally in steady-state Allows use of RMS phasors Switching, operations, faults, lightning, Response frequencies from DC to MHz Response generally dies out rapidly Large voltage and currents are possible RLC response to change in volt or current
B.K. Johnson
2

Spring 2014

U I
25 [kV] 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 0

Typical Transientscapacitor switching

ECE 420 Lecture 12

10
v :VS

20

30

40

[ms]

50

(f ile Prob33.pl4; x-v ar t) v :V4

B.K. Johnson

Spring 2014

U I
5 [kA] 0

Typical Transientsfault current

ECE 420 Lecture 12

-5

-10

-15

-20

-25 0 10
-

20

30

40

[ms]

50

(f ile prob38a.pl4; x-v ar t) c:V1

B.K. Johnson

Spring 2014

U I
250 [kV] 200 150 100 50 0 -50 -100 -150 20

transient recovery voltage

ECE 420 Lecture 12

22
-V2

24

26

28

30

[ms]

32

(f ile prob44tacs.pl4; x-v ar t) v :V1

B.K. Johnson

Spring 2014

U I

Analyzing Transients

ECE 420 Lecture 12

Understand the transient you want to model Good data to form detailed models Mathematical model of the system Solve coupled differential equations Options:
Hand calculations in the LaPlace domain Hand calculations in the time domain Time domain numerical simulation
B.K. Johnson
6

Spring 2014

U I

Circuit Simulation

ECE 420 Lecture 12

Output often as waveforms Often want peak values of v(t) and I(t) Transient Network Analyzer (TNA)
Predates use of digital computers Analog computer model Hybrid: digital controls Real-time digital simulators
Expensive Closed loop testing of control hardware
B.K. Johnson
7

Spring 2014

U I Time Domain Simulation

ECE 420 Lecture 12

Digital computer simulation of transients General purpose equation solvers:

MATLAB, MathCAD Analog electronic and integrated circuits: SPICE, Saber, Electronics Work Bench Not really designed for power system transients
B.K. Johnson
8

Spring 2014

The Electromagnetic U I Transients Program-EMTP

ECE 420 Lecture 12

Hermann Dommel, Germany, then BPA Numerically solves difference equations Fixed versus variable time-step EMTP has become and industry standard
(verified models) MatTRAN, NETOMAC, and SimPOW are other alternatives
B.K. Johnson
9

Spring 2014

U I

EMTP Variants

ECE 420 Lecture 12

Original version mainly modeled RLC

elements switches, sources and lines Many extensions and several versions
ATP: Alternate transients program EMTP96: Latest in the line of EPRI-DCG (now just DCG) The EMTP or EMTP-RV EMTDC: Reduced size version available free from their web site. Microtran: University of British Columbia
B.K. Johnson
10

Spring 2014

U I

PSCAD EMTDC

ECE 420 Lecture 12

PSCAD is the graphical user interface EMTDC is the numerical solver For this course you can run the cases
supplied through course web page
Capture the results You can modify the files or create new cases if youre interested We will discuss that here
B.K. Johnson
11

Spring 2014

U I Getting PSCAD/EMTDC
Available in the Senior Design Lab Free Student Edition (15 node limit) Download from: http://www.pscad.com/
Download How To PDF for Student Edition Download the Program itself Download GNU Fortran Compiler
unless you have compatible one installed

ECE 420 Lecture 12

These are large downloads

B.K. Johnson
12

Spring 2014