THE CHANGING FACE http://businesstoday.intoday.in/story/rupee-dollar-value-drop-factors-forfall/1/21881.

html Money is not an organic creature but its value keeps changing with the society and its economic conditions. One rupee in 1947 is not the same as one rupee today, both in terms of appearance and purchasing power. The value of a country's currency is linked with its economic conditions and policies.

The value of a currency depends on factors that affect the economy such as trade, inflation, employment, interest rates, growth rate and geopolitical conditions.
Pramit Brahmbhatt
CEO, Alpari India

"The value of a currency depends on factors that affect the economy such as imports and exports, inflation, employment, interest rates, growth rate, trade deficit, performance of equity markets, foreign exchange reserves, macroeconomic policies, foreign investment inflows, banking capital, commodity prices and geopolitical conditions," says Pramit Brahmbhatt, chief executive officer, Alpari Financial Services (India), a foreign exchange brokerage. Income levels influence currencies through consumer spending. When incomes increase, people spend more. Higher demand for imported goods increases demand for foreign currencies and, thus, weakens the local currency. Money Supply Amount of currency in circulation

Comprises all the currency in the economy as well as the money in savings and current accounts held with banks (demand deposits).

Balance of payments, which comprises trade balance (net inflow/outflow of money) and flow of capital, also affects the value of a country's currency. "A country that sells more goods and services in overseas markets than it buys from them has a trade surplus. This means more foreign currency comes into the country than what is paid for imports. This strengthens the local currency," says Kishore Narne, head, commodity and currency research, Anand Rathi Commodities, a brokerage house. Another factor is the difference in interest rates between countries. Let us consider the recent RBI move to deregulate interest rates on savings deposits and fixed deposits held by non-resident Indians (NRIs). The move was part of a series of steps to stem the fall in the rupee. By allowing banks to increase rates on NRI rupee accounts and bring them on a par with domestic term deposit rates, the RBI expects fund inflows from NRIs, triggering a rise in demand for rupees and an increase in the value of the local currency. The RBI manages the value of the rupee with several tools, which involve controlling its supply in the market and, thus, making it cheap or expensive. "Some ways through which the RBI controls the movement of the rupee are changes in interest rates, relaxation or tightening of rules for fund flows, tweaking the cash reserve ratio (the proportion of money banks have to keep with the central bank) and selling or buying dollars in the open market," says Brahmbhatt of Alpari. The RBI also fixes the statutory liquidity ratio, that is, the proportion of money banks have to invest in government bonds, and the repo rate, at which it lends to banks. While an increase in interest rates makes a currency expensive, changes in cash reserve and statutory liquidity ratios increase or decrease the quantity of money available, impacting its value. INFLATIONARY PRESSURE Includes M3 money supply along with other post office deposits as well. National Savings Certificates are not included in M4 either.

Includes money held in post office savings accounts along with M1. It excludes money in post office fixed deposits and National Savings Certificates.

Comprises M2 money supply plus fixed deposits (or time deposits) held with banks. It is used as a common measure of money supply.

Every generation complains about price rise. Prices shoot up when goods and services are

scarce or money is in excess supply. If prices increase, it means the value of the currency has eroded and its purchasing power has fallen. Let us say the central bank of a country increases money flow in the economy by 4 per cent while economic growth is 3 per cent. The difference causes inflation. If the growth in money supply is 10 per cent, inflation will surge because of the mismatch between economic growth and money supply. In such a scenario, loan repayments will be a lesser burden if interest rates are fixed, as you will pay the same amount but with a lower valuation. A fall in purchasing power due to inflation reduces consumption, hurting industries. Imports also become costlier. Exporters, of course, earn more in terms of local currency. However, if the increase in money supply lags economic growth, the economy will face deflation, or negative inflation. The purchasing power of money will increase when the economy enters the deflationary state. If you think deflation will help you consume more and enjoy life more, you are wrong. Unless the fall in prices of goods is because of improved production efficiencies, you will have less money to spend. If you have a fixed-interest loan to repay, your debt will have a higher valuation. Yields from fixed-income investments made before deflation set in will, of course, increase in value. MINTING MONEY A fantasy world where trees have banknotes and bear coins instead of fruits might sound like a dream come true. Economists will be the devil's messenger in that world when they break the news that your money is as good as dry leaves. If you are looking for a machine that can print money, just meet someone who actually owns one-the government. Money is printed by governments, but they cannot print all the money they need. When a government prints money to meet its needs without the economy growing at the same pace, the result can be catastrophic. Zimbabwe is a recent example. True Value Relation among value of currency, its supply and economic growth

Let us assume that a farmer has a tank in which he stores water for irrigation. He decides to add another field and builds another tank that he connects to the existing one. However, there is no increase in the amount of water harvested. At the end of the rainy season, he has two fields but water for just one field.

Now, consider a situation where he knows that the rainfall will double from the next season. He decides to add another tank. At end of the rains, both the tanks have water. If the water tank is the currency, the stored water is the purchasing power.

After the 1990s land reforms in free Zimbabwe, farm production as well as manufacturing declined drastically. However, the government continued to print money for its expenses. Zimbabweans started losing faith in the local currency. As inflation surged drastically, the Zimbabwean dollars were printed in denominations as high as 100 trillion. After the currency lost its value, people started using US dollars. In April 2009, the country put its currency on hold and switched to US dollars. In the past, governments used to back their currencies with gold reserves or a foreign currency such as the US dollar that could be converted into gold on demand. The gold standard currency system was abandoned as there was not enough gold to issue money and currency valuations fluctuated with the supply and demand of gold. The increase in rainfall is like growth in the economy. Merely increasing the number of tanks (printing currency) does not increase the irrigation power (purchasing power). One has to make sure that the tanks (currencies) get enough rain water (economic growth).

In the modern economy, governments print money based on their assessment of future economic growth and demand. The purchasing power of the currency remains constant if the increase in money supply is equal to the rise in gross domestic product and other factors influencing the currency remain unchanged. FOREX DEMAND

Though international trade and movement of people is increasing rapidly, there is no currency that is acceptable across the globe. Whether you go for higher studies to the US or fly to Rio for a vacation, you have to pay for services and goods in the currency that is accepted in the country. Even while shopping online on stores run by foreign companies, you have to pay in foreign exchange. The foreign exchange rate for conversion of currencies depends on the market scenario and the exchange rate being followed by the countries. Floating exchange rates, or flexible exchange rates, are determined by market forces without active intervention of central governments. For instance, due to heavy imports, the supply of the rupee may go up and its value fall. In contrast, when exports increase and dollar inflows are high, the rupee strengthens. Earlier, most countries had fixed exchange rates. This system has been abandoned by most countries due to risk of devaluation of currencies owing to active government intervention. Most countries now adopt a mixed system of exchange rates where central banks intervene in the market to buy or sell the different currencies to control the movement of their own currencies. Not everyone loses in a weak currency scenario. Exporters across the 17-country euro zone, for instance, are benefiting from a weak local currency. Sometimes countries use various ways to keep their currencies undervalued to promote exports. Chinese Renminbi is

one such currency that several economists say is undervalued. BEHIND THE FALL Now that we know the factors that determine the value of a currency, how does the rupee in your bank account and purse stand at present? Over the past few months, since August, the rupee has been weakening against the dollar. "The recent fall in the rupee was mainly due to conditions in the euro zone, plunging stock markets, falling foreign investment inflows and strengthening of the dollar," says Brahmbhatt of Alpari. "Rising fiscal deficit and untameable inflation were behind the fall in the rupee. As India runs a large current account deficit, it needs a constant inflow of dollars, which was not there. High oil prices inflated the import bill and resulted in further widening of the current account deficit, which accelerated the rupee fall," says Narne of Anand Rathi. "The decision by the government to allow foreign investors to directly invest in Indian equity could bring some capital flows and have a positive impact on the economy and the rupee," adds Narne. The rupee has recovered somewhat in January, but the danger still looms. If you need some foreign currency in the future such as for the tuition fee of your daughter studying in the US or a summer vacation in Ireland, plan right now and hedge your risk with the help of currency futures. Consider the basics of currency movements and their likely impact before taking your next investment decision. Hot air balloon figures (below) are highest daily inflation rates in recent history. At 100% daily inflation, prices double in 24 hours. Source: Cato Institute

Depreciation of Indian Rupee has only negative impact on Indian economy

Depreciation of Indian Rupee has only be concern of local citizen of country but not the people who run this country also known as political class. Not only India it self is allowing depreciation of Indian rupee but Due to European financial crisis the value of Rupee has been depreciated which has resulted in an increase in the value of dollar. Thus, affecting the economy. The demand of dollar has increased in contrast to that of Rupee and has startled our economy. It has resulted in the depreciation of the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP). Depreciation of Indian Rupee has resulted in increase in inflation and thus, stagnant growth of the economy. Dollar is being appreciated among all the currencies including Rupee and has marked an increase in its buyers. These frailties and volatility among the European market is sure to have an impact in the entire Asian markets including India. Government would have to pay more in terms of Rupee for its imports. This would lead to rise in fiscal deficit which in turn will raise the level of inflation. The exporters gain from the depreciation of Rupee as they get more of the local currency in exchange of the foreign one. The depreciating value of Rupee is like a boon to Indian IT sectors as it generates more than 80% of their revenue from overseas market and this will enhance their actual realization of revenue. Emigrants living outside India also benefits from this depreciation. These days Dollar has touched mark of about Rs 60 and more than that , after all Money has become very cheap in India , I still remember days when a 25p coin could fetch you 1 Kg lady finger but now a kg of lady finger is bartered at 1$ even in India.All though IT companies and Real state is expected to increase further but our import bills will increase

Dollar getting stronger than Indian Rupee

One thing people are failing to understand who is responsible for this fall of Rupee when India developed in this period is being claimed by government in daily advertisements. Thank God Mr Digvijay singh of congress is not thinking that BJP or L.K is responsible for this fall of rupee. probably he knows that no one except Government of India being run by Congress is responsible for this apart from due increasing corruption and volatility in policies and too much announcement of free food for people have taken away zeal of people. Depreciation of Indian Rupee started in 1962 when India was in fight with China and soon in 1965 when we fought with Pakistan to buy weapons , who says that we have developed Depreciation of Indian Rupee clearly indicates that our moral values have gone down down down and down with every passing day of Independence. On 15th of August 1947 an Indian rupee was equivalent to an American dollar 1 RS=1$ and today its 1$=60 RS. How far it will go. Honestly honesty has dipped down and Rupee has been going down. Who is responsible , we as a nation. We do not want to work and are increasing our dependency every day on United states. Every government from Indira Gandhi has increased dependence on US for benefit and vote. Before 1947 we were only slaves of UK , today we are slave of US as well and many more countries. We are cake and every one wants to eat us. Now Rs 60 is general rate of Dollar against Indian Rupee. India has lost a lot due to increasing corruption and lethargic government policies , investors have lost faith on Indian economy , American investors are gaining confidence on American economy and thus decrease in FII have added to block. Everyday now a days dollar is appreciating against INR but government is not in condition to check this loss as government is busy in fighting for its own survival. Mr Manmohan singh , our Prime minister once known as greatest economics and our finance minister another waste of human resource. Depreciation of Indian rupee is cause of weak government policies for vote bank , no external factors are responsible for it other than weak and fragile government and its policies which have never been consistent and aligned with general people.

In last one month or I should say in second half of 2013 Dollar has appreciated by 15%-20% but government is busy in policies for its vote bank , Food security bill which will again bring down value of rupee by 20% .

Considered good effects Earning from exports will increase: Why do we fail to understand that any company which realizes that dollar has gone strong will re negotiate deals and whats total strength of our exports which will not be re negotiated but probably price of oil will not be re negotiated.