Primary Sources

Bear, Charla. "American Indian Boarding Schools Haunt Many." NPR. NPR, n.d. We . !" #an.!"$%. &his document 'as (ery use)ul. Many di))erent Indians that 'ent through the school e*+erience and tal, a out 'hat they endured. What they had to go through in the oarding schools haunts them. &hey 'ere ta,en a'ay )rom their homes, )amily, and culture. Before and after Photographs of Navajo Boy Tom Torlino as He Appeared When He Arrived at Carlisle Indian School in !!" and as He #oo$ed Three %ears #ater&N.d. Photogra+h. N.+. I really li,e this +hotogra+h ecause it sho's ho' much the oarding schools changed the Nati(e American children. -(en though there 'ill also mental changes this +hoto really sho's the +hysical changes they )orced the children to ha(e. Including 'earing 'hite mans clothing, and cutting their hair. Cro', .eniece A. "&a,en /rom My Home0 Indian Boarding Schools in Pers+ecti(e, &old y &eenagers Who 1i(ed &hrough the 2nthin,a le." School #i'rary (o)rnals n.d.0 n. +ag. Print. &his resource discussed that 'hat the students 'ent through in the oarding schools 'as unimagina le. &hey 'ere changed +hysically and mentally through the oarding schools at such a young age. As one )ormer student commented, "I) you change a +eo+le, you ro their identity." &he children 'ere also ra+ed and molested at a young age y their teachers and sta)) 'or,ers. -agle, Adam /. Pipestone *y #ife in an Indian Boarding School. N.+.0 n.+., n.d. Print. &his is a great oo, ecause it is a +rimary source )rom an Indian man that 'as a

child that e*+erienced the Indian Boarding schools. It is great ecause he shares all the things he e*+erienced 'hile undergoing the Indian Boarding school. &he oo, really sho's ho' much the "'hite men" tried to change the Indian children +hysically and mentally. "History o) Indian Boarding Schools." %o)T)'e. 3ou&u e, $! .ec. !"$!. We . $4 /e . !"$%. &his (ideo sho's many +hotos )rom the oarding schools. It sho's 'hat the Boarding schools 'ere li,e. &hey sho' 'hat the teachers and su+erintendents did to change the children +hysically and mentally. &he (ideo also has some +eo+le that e*+erienced the oarding schools s+ea,. &hey tell 'hat their e*+erience 'as li,e and ho' it a))ected their +arents. The Indian Advocate. N.+., n.d. We . "4 /e . !"$%. At the time o) this ne's+a+er article there 'ere currently t'enty )i(e Indian oarding schools that 'ere eing su++orted y the Catholic Indian Bureau. &here 'ere three in Cali)ornia, one in Idaho, t'o in Michigan, )i(e in Montana, t'o in Minnesota, one in North .a,ota, one in Ne' Me*ico, t'o in South .a,ota, one in 5regon, t'o in 5,lahoma, one in Washington, three in Wisconsin, and one in Wyoming. ""6ill the Indian, and Sa(e the Man"0 Ca+t. Richard H. Pratt on the -ducation o) Nati(e Americans." +,ill the Indian- and Save the *an+. Capt& Richard H& Pratt on the /d)cation of Native Americans. N.+., n.d. We . "7 /e . !"$%. &his 'e site contains a 8uote y Richard Henry Pratt. He elie(es that the only 9ood Indian is a dead Indian, ut he doesn:t 'ant to ,ill all o) them. He 'ants to ,ill the Indian in them, ut sa(e the man. &his is 'hy he created the Carlisle oarding school )or Indians. He 'anted to ,ee+ them as +eo+le, ut change them into a ci(ili;ed man. <1ocal Paragra+hs.= The Indian Advocate. N.+., n.d. We . "4 /e . !"$%. &his s+o,e o) ho' many students 'ere currently in Indian oarding schools in 5,lahoma.It also said that t'o go(ernment oarding schools had urned do'n in

the last month. It contained other in)ormation on the oarding schools as 'ell. "Nati(e American Boarding Schools Haunt Many." >!""7?0 n. +ag. Print. I en@oyed this article ecause it had 8uotes and told o) 'hat ha++ened at the oarding schools. 5ne thing I learned 'as that a man named Richard Pratt )ounded the )irst oarding school. &his 'as great ecause it had many di))erent +eo+le that 'ent through the oarding schools s+ea,ing. "Nati(e Americans Primary Source Sets." Primary So)rce Sets. N.+., n.d. We . "7 #an. !"$%. I li,ed this 'e site ecause it contained a lot o) +ictures that 'e can use )or our 'e site i) 'e choose too. &here 'ere some great +hotos that really sho'ed the emotion through the eyes o) the Indian children at the oarding Schools. 3ou can tell ho' sad they 'ere to e se+arated )rom their )amilies. "5ur S+irits .on:t S+ea, -nglish -*ert." Inter(ie'. n.d.0 n. +ag. Print. &his is +art o) the "5ur S+irits .on:t S+ea, -nglish" (ideo. It sho's the man that e*+erienced the oarding schools himsel). His name is Andre' Windy oy. He is (ery mo(ing. His e*+erience at the oarding school 'as (ery harsh. He 'asn:t allo'ed to s+ea, his language e(en though it 'as the only language he ,ne'. -(ery time he s+o,e it he 'as hit. 0)r Spirits 1on2t Spea$ /nglish. Indian Boarding Schools. RichAHea+e /ilms, n.d. .B.. We really en@oyed 'atching this (ideo ecause it ga(e us a lot o) outstanding In)ormation that 'e didn:t ,no' e)ore on our to+ic. &here 'ere a )e' ,ey to+ics that they mentioned that 'e other'ise may not ha(e ,no'n a out. We also li,ed it ecause they had +eo+le s+ea,ing that 'ere actually in the Boarding Schools so 'e could learn a out their e*+erience. "Primary .ocuments in American History." Indian Removal Act. Primary 1oc)ments of American History 34irt)al Programs 5 Services- #i'rary of Congress6. N.+., n.d. We . !$ /e . !"$%.

&he Indian Remo(al Act o) $7C" 'as made to +ush the Indians 'est'ard. Pushing the Indians 'est led to the de(elo+ment o) america. Andre' #ac,son 'as the main +erson that 'anted the Indian Remo(al Act and he )ought to ma,e it ha++en. -(entually ci(ili;ing the Indians 'as needed, thus came the oarding schools. "&he Primary Source 1i rarian." The Primary So)rce #i'rarian RSS. N.+., n.d. We . "D #an.!"$%. &his 'e site included many e*cer+ts )rom di))erent +rimary sources. &he -*cer+ts taught me ne', (alua le in)ormation I didn:t ,no' a out the oarding Schools e)ore. 5ne e*cer+ts told ho' the )ederal go(ernment +artly 'anted the schools toturn them into )armers. "&he Primary Source 1i rarian." The Primary So)rce #i'rarian RSS. N.+., n.d. We . !" #an. !"$%. &his 'e site 'as use)ul. 5n the 'e site it tal,ed a out ho' the Santa /e Indian School uilding 'as destroyed, and des+ite the shoc, o) losing these historic uildings, the in uilding re+resented unha++y memories )or many Nati(e Americans 'ho still remem er eing )orced to go to the oarding school and ado+t <'hite manEs= 'ays. "S+eci)ic Name Search In)ormation." Specific Name Search Information. N.+., n.d. We . "D #an. !"$%. &his 'e site is a out the )irst Indian oarding school, 'hich 'as the Carlisle Indian Boarding School. It s+ea,s o) ho' the oarding school 'as started and 'hat too, +lace. It also has lists o) ne's+a+ers that 'ere all a out the Indian oarding schools and I )ound it to e hel+)ul. "S+eci)ic Name Search In)ormation." Specific Name Search Information. N.+., n.d. We . !" #an. !"$%. &his 'e site had many ne's+a+ers that I )ound to e (ery hel+)ul. &hey 'ere all a out the oarding schools, and 'hen reading the ne's+a+ers I learned a lot more a out the oarding schools.

"&he &omaha',., March !F, $D$D, Image $ A out &he &omaha',. >White -arth, Bec,er County, Minn.? $D"CA$D!G" #i'rary of Congress. N.+., n.d. We . "F /e . !"$%. &his ne's+a+er has a section a out the Indian oarding schools. &he Indians are in the oarding schools, ut it says +eo+le e(entually 'ant the Indians to e in +u lic schools .&his 'ould mean going to schools 'ith all the other children that 'eren:t Indian.

Secondary Sources
Adams, .a(id Wallace. /d)cation for /7tinction. American Indians and the Boarding School /7perience- !89: ;"!. 1a'rence, 6an.0 2ni(ersity o) 6ansas, $DD4. Print. &his is 'hat ha++ened 'ith the oarding schools )rom e)ore them to the end o) them. .a(id Wallace does a great @o e*+laining the education o) the Indian children, their res+onse, and the e))ect the oarding schools had on them 'hen they 'ere rought ac, to their )amilies at the end o) schooling and ho' di))erent they 'ere com+ared to their )amily no'. Some o) the children e(en )orgot ho' to s+ea, in their nati(e tongue. "American Indian Ci(ics Pro@ect0 Indian Boarding Schools0 &ools o) /orced Assimilations, $7F" to $DC%." American Indian Civics Project. Indian Boarding Schools. Tools of <orced Assimilations- !8= to ;>?. N.+., n.d. We . "F #an. !"$%. &his 'e site 'as a set u+ lesson )or teachers. &he oarding schools 'ere )or ci(ili;ing the Nati(e American children. &hey 'ere stri++ed o) their culture and rights and 'ere sho'n ne' -uro+ean culture. It tells ho' it 'as the go(ernments attem+t to ci(ili;e the Indians 'ith the Americans. "Brain'ashing and Boarding Schools02ndoing the Shame)ul 1egacy." Brain@ashing and Boarding School. N.+., n.d. We . "4 #an. !"$%.

&he )irst oarding school 'as started y Richard Pratt. At many o) the oarding schools they used rain'ashing techni8ues to ma,e the Indians elie(e that their culture 'as 'rong. &he children 'erenEt allo'ed to go home during the school year and endured a horri le e*+erience. "Carlisle Indian Industrial School >$7FDA$D$7?." References to the Carlisle Indian Ind)strial School Relating to St& Patric$2s Roman Catholic Ch)rch- Carlisle PA. N.+., n.d. We . !C 5ct. !"$C. &his is a great 'e site, it tells that there 'ere a out $",""" Nati(e Americans children that had to go to the oarding school. &he +eo+le running the school 'ere trying to change their 'ay o) li)e and change them into 'hite men and 'omen 'hich 'as e*tremely 'rong. It tal,s a out the ,ind o) things that 'ere taught to the children and that they had to attend mass, ha(e )irst communion, and e(en e con)irmed 'hether they 'anted to or not. "Carlisle Indian Industrial School History." Carlisle Indian Ind)strial School History. N.+., n.d. We . !C 5ct. !"$C. &his 'e site had great in)ormation on the Indian oarding schools. &his 'e site tal,ed a out ho' they recruited the )irst student, and the li)e in the school. It told ho' the Indian children ad@usted to their li(es in the oarding school. &his 'as a great 'e site that I used )or some asic in)ormation. "Carlisle Indian Industrial School Research Pages." Carlisle Indian Ind)strial School Research Pages& N.+., n.d. We . !C 5ct. !"$C. &his 'e site had lin,s a out the Carlisle school. Richard Pratt started the Carlisle school 'hich many other oarding schools came )rom. 5n the +age it also sho's a +icture o) one Nati(e American oy e)ore and a)ter he 'ent to the school. It really sho's ho' much they tried to change him into a 'hite man. Carroll, #ames &. Native Americans Interdisciplinary Perspectives. N.+.0 n.+., n.d. Print.

&his oo, had some in)ormation on the Indian oarding schools that 'as hel+)ul. &here many +hotos 'hen going through the oo, that 'ere (ery interesting. &his oo, also tells ho' religion 'as incor+orated into the oarding schools and that there 'ere catholic oarding schools as 'ell. .aniels, #amie. "&he North American Boarding School -*+erience." >n.d.?0 n. +ag. Print. &his Article e*+lains ethnocide 'hich is the destruction o) someone:s ethnic culture. -thnocide is 'hat ha++ened in the oarding schools to the Nati(e American children. &here 'as one 8uote that I )ound (ery interesting in the article. &he Indian child 'as <a +ric,ly thorn that must e made to ear rosesH he is a t'ig ent out o) the +er+endicular, and he must e straightened so that the tree 'ill stand erect, inclining in no 'ayH he is a (essel o) ron;e that must e made right y constant ru ing.= ASu+erintendent o) Indians Schools #ohn Riley &his really sho's ho' much they 'anted to change the Indians and deculturali;e them. .a'son, Ale*ander S. "Histories and Memories o) the Indian Boarding Schools in Me*ico, Canada, and the 2nited States." >n.d.?0 n. +ag. Print. -ighty students 'ere enrolled in the schools. Many schools su))ered )rom lac, o) Su++lies and )ood. &he e*+erience )or the Indian children at the oarding schools 'as horri le. &hey 'ere not treated 'ell at all at the oarding schools. "-RIC A Indian Boarding Schools and the &hera+eutic Residential Model Pro@ect, American Indian and Alas,a Nati(e Mental Health Research0 &he #ournal o) the National Center, !""I." /RIC : Indian Boarding Schools and the Therape)tic Residential *odel Project- American Indian and Alas$a Native *ental Health Research. The (o)rnal of the National Center- "==A. N.+., n.d.. "% .ec. !"$C. We )ound this @ournal article, and it is a out ho' the Indian Boarding schools de(elo+ed. Interestingly it says that at )irst, they didn:t include Indian culture in their teachings, they 'anted to shut it out, ut later they started including it. "-ssay a out the Carlisle Indian Industrial School J." N.+., n.d. We . !C 5ct. !"$C. It told a out the oarding schools and ho' the children 'ere treated. &he children 'ere eaten )or s+ea,ing their nati(e tongue. &hey 'ere hurt i) they got

something 'rong in class. &he teachers 'ould also +ut cones on the childrens heads that said <dunce.= &his hel+ed understandmore o) the asics o) the oarding schools to'ards the eginning o) our research.

"History." PBS. PBS, n.d. We . $C No(. !"$C. Boarding schools 'ere set u+ to <,ill the Indian and sa(e the man.= &his 'as said y Richard Pratt the )ounder o) the )irst oarding school. &his 'e site 'as great ecause it really 'ent in de+th a out the in)ormation o) the oarding schools. &his hel+ed us 'ith our )urther research )or our +ro@ect. "Indian Boarding School." NH1 *ontana History Topics Blicensed for Non:commercial Cse 0nlyD E. N.+., n.d. We . "D #an. !"$%. I en@oyed this 'e site ecause it tal,ed a out the turning +oint in the Indian childrenEs li(es. Ho' they 'ere se+arated )rom their )amilies and changed into the ty+ical "'hite man" o) the time. It tells ho' the schools e*+osed the children to harsh disci+line and diseases they 'erenEt accustomed to. Indian Boarding Schools. N.+., n.d. We . &his (ideo gi(es the asic in)ormation o) the Indian Boarding Schools. Richard H. Prattstarted the )irst oarding school in Carlisle, Pennsyl(ania. More oarding schools 'ere soon to come. In the oarding schools the children 'eren:t allo'ed to s+ea, their nati(e tongue or carry on their traditional culture. "Indian Boarding Schools Punishments." . IndianF'oardingFscho. N.+., n.d. We . "% .ec. !"$C. &his sho'ed 'hat the children 'ere +unished )or. I) they s+o,e in their nati(e tongue or got any ans'ers 'rong in school they 'ould e +unished. It also

sho'ed 'hat they had to do in the oarding schools. It didn:t sho' as much in)ormation as 'e had li,ed although it did hel+ a little it. "Indian Boarding Schools 1esson 5(er(ie'." Teachers. N.+., n.d. We . "7 #an. !"$%. &his 'e site sums u+ 'hat ha++ened in the oarding schools. It tells that some o) the children died )rom illnesses that s+read )astly through the schools. I thought this 'as a use)ul 'e site ecause it summed u+ the oarding schools as 'ell as adding additional in)ormation that 'as hel+)ul. "Indian Country .iaries." PBS. N.+., n.d. We . Boarding schools 'ere set u+ to "6ill the Indian and sa(e the man." In the oarding school.&ri al languages and any other actions that connected the to their tri es 'ere anned. &his 'e site 'as really hel+)ul in getting the asis o) 'hat ha++ened. "Indian -ducation and Boarding Schools." Indian /d)cation and Boarding Schools. N.+., n.d. We . "D #an. !"$%. &his +age +ro(ided me 'ith a rie) history on the go(ernment:s +olicies o) American Indian education. It tells ho' the oarding schools demolished tri es and Indian culture. &hey tried ci(ili;ing the Indians until $D!I in the 2nited States. "Indian -ducation and Boarding Schools." Indian /d)cation and Boarding Schools. N.+., n.d. We . !" #an. !"$%. &his +age +ro(ided a rie) history o) go(ernmental +olicies on American Indian education, )ollo'ed y short descri+tions and lin,s. Although it didn:t ha(e all that much in)ormation the lin,s hel+ed us. &he s+o,e a out the im+act o) oarding schools on the children and the +arents. 6ay, Morel, Mary. "Ca+tain Pratt:s School." >n.d.?0 n. +ag. Print.

Ca+tain Pratt:s School 'as the Carlisle Indian School, the )irst Indian oarding school. It 'as 'or,ing )rom $7FD to $D$7. &his article tells ho' the Carlisle Indian school came to e and ho' they taught the children. &his 'as a great article that had hel+)ul in)ormation. 1oma'aima, 6. &. ".omesticity in the /ederal Indian Schools0 &he Po'er o) Authority o(er Mind and Body." N.+., n.d. We . Nati(e American children 'ere +ut through oarding schools to ecome ci(ili;ed 'ith the a(erage "'hite man." At the schools the children 'eren:t allo'ed to relate to their Indian culture in any 'ay including language and songs. Mc eth, Sally #. "IN.IAN B5AR.IN9 SCH551S AN. -&HNIC I.-N&I&30 AN -KAMP1- /R5M &H- S52&H-RN P1AINS &RIB-S 5/ 561AH5MA." n.d.0 n. +ag. Print. &he oarding schools 'ere created to educate and assimilate Indians ut attem+ted to accom+lish these ends in a setting 'here Indian children 'ere collected together and se+arated )rom their nonAIndian +eers. &he oarding school 'ere meant to ci(ili;e the Indians 'ith American culture. "Nati(e American Netroots." Native American Netroots. N.+., n.d. We . !7 #an. !"$%. When early -uro+eans came to America they (ie'ed Nati(e Americans as sa(ages. &hey sa' themsel(es as su+erior to the Indians and 'ere sur+rised 'hen most Indians didn:t 'ant to e li,e the -uro+eans. -uro+eans 'anted to demolish Indian culture and they )igured the est 'ay 'as through children, thus the oarding schools 'ere orn. "Nati(e Words Nati(e Warriors." Native Words Native Warriors. N.+., n.d. We . $% #an. !"$%. &he Indian children 'ere se+arated )rom their +arents )or schooling and 'ere ta,en a'ay )rom their culture. &he oarding schools 'ere )irst set u+ y the go(ernment and Christian grou+s.&he Carlisle Indian School 'as the )irst, organi;ed y Richard H. Pratt.

"Nati(e Words Nati(e Warriors." Native Words Native Warriors. N.+., n.d. We . !! /e . !"$%. &he children o) the oarding schools 'ere not allo'ed to s+ea, their language or singsongs in their language. &hey 'ere told it 'as 'rong that they 'ere Indian. &eachers 'ould ma,e )un o) their traditions. &his humiliated the children and made them elie(e that it 'as 'rong that they 'ere Indian. "&he Pennsyl(ania Center )or the Boo, A Carlisle Indian School." The Pennsylvania Center for the Boo$ : Carlisle Indian School. N.+., n.d. We . $" /e . !"$%. &he Carlisle Indian Boarding School 'as esta lished y Richard Pratt in $7FD, in Carlisle, Pennsyl(ania. Pratt 'anted to ,ill the Indian and sa(e the man in him through oarding schools. He 'anted to ma,e the children more ci(ili;ed and use)ul to the days societythrough education. "&he Pennsyl(ania Center )or the Boo, A Carlisle Indian School." The Pennsylvania Center for the Boo$ : Carlisle Indian School. N.+., n.d. We . $" /e . !"$%. &he Carlisle Indian Boarding School 'as esta lished y Richard Pratt in $7FD, in Carlisle, Pennsyl(ania. Pratt 'anted to ,ill the Indian and sa(e the man in him through oarding schools. He 'anted to ma,e the children more ci(ili;ed and use)ul to the days society through education. ""&he Peo+le:s Paths Home PageL" Rights, Acti(ism M -n(ironmental Paths." +the People2s Paths Home PageG+ Rights- Activism 5 /nvironmental Paths. N.+., n.d. We . "D #an. !"$%. &his 'e site had some in)ormation in itsel), ut mostly included lin,s to other use)ul 'e sites a out the Indian Boarding schools. It has lin,s a out the di))erent schools included Carlisle 'hich 'as the )irst school. I )ound this 'e site to e (ery hel+)ul. Pict)ring CS History All. N.+., n.d. We . "7 #an. !"$%. &his 'e site sho's e)ore and a)ter +hotogra+hs o) the Indian children. Be)ore they came to the oarding school and a)ter they 'ere done. &here are signi)icant

changes in their +hysical a++earance. &he teachers con(inced the children that they 'ould only sur(i(e i) they ga(e u+ their Indian culture and acted as i) they 'ere a "'hite man." "Pushing the Nati(e Americans West'ard A Page !." P)shing the Native Americans West@ard : Page ". N.+., n.d. We . "4 /e . !"$%. Nati(e Americans 'ere the )irst to inha it America. Immigrants came )rom -ngland and the 2nited States 'as started on the east coast. -arly american leaders continuously +ushed Nati(e Americans )arther and )arther 'est. Many Americans 'anted the land )or )arming and mining. Soon the Indian Remo(al Act o) $7C" +ushed the Indians 'est o) the Mississi++i Ri(er. "Se*ual &rauma0 5ne 1egacy o) the Boarding School -ra ARuth Ho+,ins." #ast Real Indians. N.+., n.d. We . $4 /e . !"$%. &he Indian children at the oarding schools 'ere treated (ery +oorly. &hey 'ere Put in harsh conditions and es+ecially in the 'inter time. Some o) them e(en )ro;e to death in their eds. &hey 'ere eaten )or s+ea,ing their nati(e tongue, and not s+ea,ing -nglish. Smith, Andrea. "Boarding School A uses, Human Rights and Re+arations." (o)rnal of Religion 5 A')se 7.! >!""I?0 4A!$. Print. Boarding School originated )rom +raying to'ns that egan in the $I"":s. &hey se+arated Indians )rom their community to recei(e "ci(ili;ed" Christian treatment. In $7FD Richard Pratt )ounded the )irst o))Areser(ation oarding schools. Many other oarding schools )ollo'ed in his )ootste+s. S+ring, #oel H. .eculturali;ation and the Struggle )or -8uality0 A Brie) History o) the -ducation of 1ominated C)lt)res in the Cnited States. Boston0 Mc9ra'AHill, !""$. Print. &his oo, has a )e' cha+ters a out our to+ic on the Indian Boarding Schools in it. In the oo, it re)ers to the Nati(e Americans as Indigenous +eo+le. In the oo, it tells that Americans had the Nati(e Americans attend the oarding schools so they could learn a out American history and asically ,no' a out the days

,no'ledge and technology. 1earning a out Nati(e American culture, (alue systems, ,no'ledge, etc. 'as not included in their education at the oarding schools. "St. Augustine Indian Mission History." St& A)g)stine Indian *ission History. N.+., n.d. We . !I /e . !"$%. St Augustine 'as a oarding school in Winne ago, Ne ras,a. It 'as mainly )or con(erting the Indians to Catholicism and hel+ing them )ind the 'ay o) Christ. Bisho+ 5:Connor 'as the )irst to dream o) "ser(ing" the Indians and his +lan 'as e(entually +ut into action in $D"D. St& A)g)stine Indian *ission School. N.+., n.d. We . &his 'e site has great in)ormation on the Indian Boarding Schools. It sho'ed the historical ac,ground e)ore the Indian oarding schools. &here 'as a la' that esta lished Nati(e American culture including 'ay o) dress illegal. As you can see the go(ernment 'ent to many e*tents to rid o) the Indian culture. Strong, Broo,lynn. "2nderstanding Nati(e American -ducation0 A Nualitati(e 1iterature Re(ie' -*amining Nati(e American Balues, Boarding Schools, and Multicultural -ducation and Counseling." >n.d.?0 n. +ag. Print. Indians are the indigenous +eo+le o) this land. When -uro+eans )irst came to America they (ie'ed the Nati(e Americans as unci(ili;ed sa(ages. &he 'hite +eo+le then created the oarding schools to try to ci(ili;e the Nati(e Americans. %o)T)'e. 3ou&u e, n.d. We . $7 #an. !"$%. &his 'e (ideo 'as hel+)ul it sho'ed the children eing stri++ed o) their culture and ho' the -uro+eans 'ere trying to change their 'ays. It really ama;ed me ho' )ar they 'ent to change the children:s a++earance. &hey changed their clothes, hair, and e(erything to ma,e them loo, li,e -uro+eans.