OS 20111201 Dec 2011

December 2011
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Catalog
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THE WORLDS NEWSSTAND
Previous Page | Contents | Zoom in | Zoom out | Front Cover | Search Issue | Next Page
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______________
International Edition
Volume 71, Number 12
December 2011
C ON T E N T S
Offshore (ISSN 0030-0608) is published 12 times a year, monthly by PennWell, 1421 S. Sheridan Road, Tulsa, OK 74112. Periodicals class postage paid at Tulsa, OK, and additional offices.
Copyright 2011 by PennWell. (Registered in U.S. Patent Trademark Office.) All rights reserved. Permission, however, is granted for libraries and others registered with the Copyright Clearance
Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Phone (508) 750-8400, Fax (508) 750-4744 to photocopy articles for a base fee of $1 per copy of the article plus 35 per page.
Payment should be sent directly to the CCC. Requests for bulk orders should be addressed to the Editor. Subscription prices: US $101.00 per year, Canada/Mexico $ 132.00 per year, All other
countries $167.00 per year (Airmail delivery: $234.00). Worldwide digital subscriptions: $101 per year. Single copy sales: US $10.00 per issue, Canada/Mexico $12.00 per issue, All other coun-
tries $14.00 per issue (Airmail delivery: $22.00. Single copy digital sales: $8 worldwide. Return Undeliverable Canadian Addresses to: P.O. Box 122, Niagara Falls, ON L2E 6S4. Back issues are
available upon request. POSTMASTER send form 3579 to Offshore, P.O. Box 3200, Northbrook, IL 60065-3200. To receive this magazine in digital format, go to www.omeda.com/os.
Celebrating Over 50 Years of Trends, Tools, and Technology
TOP 5 PROJECTS
Nord Stream completes worlds
longest subsea pipeline .......................................................... 30
With the completion of Line 1, developers of the 7.4-billion ($10-billion)
Nord Stream pipeline project have realized the ambitious goal of moving
Russian gas to European markets directly through the Baltic Sea.
Pazfor development relies
on subsea separation system handling four reservoirs ........ 32
The Pazfor feld offshore Angola boasts a number of frsts. Foremost
among them is that it is the frst-ever project anywhere to deploy a de-
velopment plan based on gas/liquid separation at the mudline spanning
several reservoirs.
Karan marks frst-ever non-associated
gas project offshore Saudi Arabia .......................................... 34
Startup of Saudi Aramcos $8-billion Karan gas feld project offshore
Saudi Arabia is signifcant because it marks the frst-ever non-associat-
ed gas development project in the country.
Peregrino producing heavy oil
for Statoil offshore Brazil ........................................................ 36
The achievement of frst oil from the Peregrino heavy oil feld in Brazil
in April marked a major milestone for Statoil, the operator. It is the frst
feld to be brought onstream by the company in Brazil and its largest
operated feld outside Norway.
Who Dat initiates production
in GoM in post-Macondo era ................................................... 38
LLOG Exploration Co. L.L.C., operator of the deepwater Who Dat oil
and gas feld in the Gulf of Mexico, expects production before year-end,
making it the frst foating production unit (FPU) in the Gulf of Mexico
in the post-Macondo era.
OFFSHORE WEST AFRICA
Detailed study leads Repsol to offshore West Africa ............. 42
Dramatic changes in the global economy, and specifcally the oil and
gas industry, have led to a greater interest in development of new
upstream resources. As a result of many of these sweeping changes,
Repsol chose to pursue a greater presence in the offshore West Africa
region.
Offshore West Africa returns to Nigeria .................................. 46
Offshore West Africa, the regions premier technical forum focused ex-
clusively on West Africas offshore oil and gas industry, will be held Jan.
24-26, 2012, at the International Conference Centre in Abuja, Nigeria.
PETROBRAS INTERVIEW
Innovation and investment propel
Petrobras toward deeper waters ........................................... 50
In this exclusive interview with Of fshore, President/CEO Jos Sergio
Gabrielli de Azevedo offers insight into Petrobras plans to develop
Brazils immense offshore reserves, and make the country into one of
the worlds top oil producers in the coming decade.
GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS
Data management in a multi-platform age ............................ 54
Energy companies generate digital information at an unprecedented
pace at all stages of exploration and production. Different stages of that
life cycle beneft from varying degrees of structured data management,
but there is no single solution that encompasses all the data from all
sources and for all disciplines.
Ocean bottom seismic a key technology
offshore West Africa ................................................................ 57
Seabed seismic data acquisition can be applied to many seismic and
geological challenges, and may improve reservoir characterization and
management. The technology has in recent years become strategic
for many oil companies in their de-risking of wells and recovery factor
improvement.
ENGINEERING, CONSTRUCTION,
& INSTALLATION
Structured offshore feld development
concept selection adds real value .......................................... 58
Any company that undertakes an offshore feld development must
proceed through a process to determine the best alternatives available
to develop their feld. Companies who do not follow a rigorous concept
identifcation/selection process fall into traps that leave considerable
value on the table.
34
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______________________________________
International Edition
Volume 71, Number 12
December 2011
D E P A R T M E N T S
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS
Remedial design restores cathodic protection to corrosion-damaged hull ............ 60
Vessels are a crucial part of the offshore oil and gas industry and provide a means for delivering
vital services such as IRM (inspection, repair and maintenance). Operating across the world in
waters of varying salinity and temperature means vessels are highly susceptible to critical corro-
sion damage.
SUBSEA
New sensor system generates multi-phase measurements downhole ................... 84
From pressure and temperature information to sand erosion and corrosion monitoring, opera-
tors today know more about the inner depths of their oil and gas reservoirs than ever.
FLOWLINES AND PIPELINES
Pipeline management system enhances inspection results .................................... 86
Offshore operators often fail to fully beneft from their pipeline inspection programs. In so doing,
they are effectively leaving money on the table, because an effective pipeline integrity manage-
ment system (PIMS) captures all the benefts of an inspection and enhances the value of an asset
throughout its lifecycle.
COVER: Offshore announces
the Top 5 projects for 2011. The proj-
ects are selected on the basis on
best use of innovation in produc-
tion method, application of technol-
ogy, and resolution of challenges,
along with safety, environmental
protection, and project completion
time. The operator for each field will
receive an Offshore Five Star Award
trophy, with the projects name
and operator etched on the base.
This cover was designed by Adam
Questell (questell@akyudesign.
com).
Online .................................................... 6
Comment ............................................... 8
Data ..................................................... 10
Global E&P .......................................... 12
Offshore Europe .................................. 16
Gulf of Mexico ..................................... 18
Subsea Systems ................................. 20
Vessels, Rigs, & Surface Systems ...... 22
Drilling & Production .......................... 24
Geosciences ........................................ 26
Offshore Automation Solutions ......... 28
Business Briefs ................................... 96
Advertisers Index ............................... 99
Beyond the Horizon .......................... 100
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PennWell
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CONTRIBUTING EDITORS
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Nick Terdre (Norway)
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SENIOR EDITOR,
TECHNOLOGY & ECONOMICS
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PRESENTATION EDITOR
Josh Troutman
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TECHNOLOGY EDITOR,
SUBSEA & SEISMIC
Gene Kliewer
genek@pennwell.com
ASSISTANT EDITOR
Jessica Tippee
jessicat@pennwell.com
POSTER EDITOR
E. Kurt Albaugh, P.E.
Kurt.albaugh@yahoo.com
VICE PRESIDENT and GROUP PUBLISHER
Mark Peters
markp@pennwell.com
MANAGING EDITOR
Bruce A. Beaubouef
bruceb@pennwell.com
CHIEF EDITOR/CONFERENCE EDITORIAL DIRECTOR
David Paganie
davidp@pennwell.com
6 Of fshore December 2011 www.offshore-mag.com
Latest news
The latest news is posted daily for the offshore oil and gas industry coveringg
ttechnology, companies, personnel moves, and products.
www.of fshore-mag.com
New videos
National Ocean Industries Association
According to NOIA, the Gulf of Mexico could spur 190,000 new jobs by 2013.
Nord Stream
See videos that depict that the latest stages of construction and project activityy
oon the Nord Stream project, which calls for the installation of two 760-mi, 48-in.
ppipelines that will move gas from Russia to Germany through the Baltic Sea.
Ghanas Jubilee
The frst oil production milestone was achieved only 41 months after the
JJubilee feld was discovered, an enviable record for any offshore development,
pparticularly in a frontier deepwater area such as that found off Ghana. Jubilee
iis the countrys frst signifcant offshore fnd.
Wrights Well Control Services
Hydrate Remediation Skid
A new hydrate remediation system from Wrights Well Control Services
rrecently cleared a hydrate-blocked pipeline in the Gulf of Mexico in 7,200 ft of
wwater.
Shell Floating Facility
The Royal Dutch Shell board of directors has approved the fnal investment
ffor the Prelude foating LNG project offshore Australia. This will be the frst
ssuch installation.
http://www.of fshore-mag.com/index/video.html
New On Demand Webcasts
Offshores Top 5 Projects of 2011
Dec. 16, 2011: The editors of Of fshore have made their choices for winners
oof the Five Star Award the top fve offshore feld development projects for
22011 and the winners will be announced in a webcast to be held on Dec. 16,
aand will be covered in the December issue. The projects are selected on the
bbasis on best use of innovation in production method, application of technol-
oogy, and resolution of challenges, along with safety, environmental protection,
aand project completion time.
Compliance Management - Best Practices Preven-
tion and Solutions for the Upstream Market
This Webinar will address the issues raised in this outline and provide insight
iinto industry: Thought leadership, Macro societal drivers, Economic value that
ccan be derived, Trends, Directions, and Best Practices, and Lessons learned.
http://www.of fshore-mag.com/index/webcasts/
webcast-display/4702579761/webcasts/pennenergy/
live-events/compliance-management.html
New maps, posters, & surveys
2011 Worldwide Offshore Pipeline Installation & Burial Contractors
& Vessels Survey
2011 Environmental Drilling & Completion Fluids Survey
2011 MWD/LWD Services Survey
2011 World Survey of Stimulation Vessels
2011 Rotary Steerables Survey
2011 Marine Seismic Vessel Survey
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Available at Offshore-mag.com
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_____________________
seeks subsea innovation
Drilling and Completion
Production
Subsea
Construction and Installation
Transportation and Logistics
Geology and Geophysics
In-depth coverage of
offshore oil and gas
industry for more
than 56 years
Our Tradition
Runs
Deep
Our depth is a tradition
you can count on.
To respond to articles in Of fshore, or to of fer articles for publication,
contact the editor by email (davidp@pennwell.com).
COMMENT
David Paganie Houston
Award-winning projects
Selecting the winners of this years Five Star Award the Top 5 offshore feld develop-
ment projects was no easy task. The geographic distribution of candidates stretched
from the Americas to Europe, Africa, Asia, and Australia. Technological innovation was
widespread as well. After careful consideration, a consensus has been reached.
In no particular order, the Top 5 offshore feld development projects of 2011 are:
Nord Stream: With the completion of Line 1, developers of the 7.4-billion ($10-bil-
lion) Nord Stream project have realized the ambitious goal of moving Russian gas to Eu-
ropean markets directly through the Baltic Sea. First announced in 2001, the project calls
for the construction of two parallel 759-mi, 48-in. pipelines that will move natural gas from
Vyborg, Russia, to Lubmin near Greifswald, Germany. The Nord Stream consortium in-
cludes Gazprom, Wintershall, E.ON Ruhrgas, Gasunie, and GDF SUEZ.
Bruce Beaubouef, managing editor, gives the full details in his report beginning on
page 30.
Pazfor: The Pazfor feld offshore Angola boasts a number of frsts. Foremost among
them is that it is the frst-ever project to deploy a development plan based on gas/liquid sepa-
ration at the mudline spanning several reservoirs. This technological innovation is what will
make it possible to produce the heavy, viscous oil contained in three of the four reservoirs
in this gigantic development in the Angolan deep offshore. Pazfor, operated by French oil
company Total, lies 150 km (93 mi) off Luanda in water depths ranging from 600 to 1,200 m
(1,968 3,937 ft) and has estimated proved and probable reserves of 590 MMbbl.
The project is described in detail by Eldon Ball, senior editor, technology & eco-
nomics, beginning on page 32.
Karan: Saudi Aramcos $8-billion Karan gas feld project offshore Saudi Arabia is the
frst-ever non-associated gas development in the country. Currently, fve wells are fow-
ing 120 MMcf/d on the way to a design capacity of 1.8 bcf/d by 2013. The feld produces
gas via a 110-km (68-mi) long subsea pipeline to the onshore Khursaniyah process facil-
ity. Plans call for approximately 20 total wells spread over four production platforms that
tie in to a main platform with associated electrical power, communications, and remote
monitoring and controls.
The project report by Gene Kliewer, technology editor, subsea & seismic, begins
on page 34.
Peregrino: The achievement of frst oil from the Statoil-operated Peregrino heavy
oil feld in Brazil in April marked a major milestone for the operator. It is the frst feld
to be brought onstream by the company in Brazil and its largest operated feld outside
of Norway. And by bringing Peregrinos 14API crude to the surface, Statoil provided
convincing testimony of its heavy oil expertise.
See the full report by Nick Terdre, contributing editor, beginning on page 36.
Who Dat: Discovered in December 2007, the LLOG Exploration-operated Who Dat
feld lies in an average water depth of 3,200 ft (975 m) in Mississippi Canyon blocks 503,
504, and 547, in the Gulf of Mexico. Three wells two in MC 503 and one in MC 547
have been completed, with 10 more infll wells to be drilled and completed in the coming
months using the semisubmersible rig Noble Amos Runner. Notable achievements for the
feld development include the frst use of the OPTI-EX design; the frst use of an FPU
built on spec; and the frst use of a privately owned FPU.
Jessica Tippee, assistant editor, gives a detailed report beginning on page 38.
Congratulations to all of our winners for their contribution to the successful applica-
tion of new and innovative technology. More information on the award-winning proj-
ects is available in a special webcast hosted on the Offshore magazine homepage: www.
offshore-mag.com.
If you would like to nominate a project for 2012, please send me a short description of
it and a paragraph to support your recommendation.
The projects are selected on the basis of best use of innovation in production method,
application of technology, and resolution of challenges, along with safety, environmental
protection, and project execution. Only projects that are expected have frst production
in 2012 will be considered.
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________________________________
Worldwide offshore rig count & utilization rate
November 2009 October 2011
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Drillships
Jackups
Semisub
Worldwide rig utilization
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70
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40
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Worldwide day rates
Year/Month Minimum Average Maximum
Drillship
2010 Nov $125,000 $405,756 $667,000
2010 Dec $125,000 $410,966 $667,000
2011 Jan $155,000 $430,438 $667,000
2011 Feb $155,000 $437,013 $667,000
2011 Mar $90,000 $433,414 $667,000
2011 April $90,000 $433,174 $667,000
2011 May $90,000 $436,865 $690,000
2011 June $90,000 $444,191 $690,000
2011 July $90,000 $442,925 $690,000
2011 Aug $90,000 $442,880 $690,000
2011 Sept $90,000 $445,517 $690,000
2011 Oct $90,000 $436,855 $690,000
Jackup
2010 Nov $10,000 $110,458 $335,000
2010 Dec $30,000 $109,753 $335,000
2011 Jan $32,000 $109,199 $335,000
2011 Feb $32,000 $107,993 $335,000
2011 Mar $31,000 $106,869 $335,000
2011 April $31,000 $106,404 $335,000
2011 May $31,000 $106,454 $335,000
2011 June $31,000 $105,685 $339,000
2011 July $35,000 $106,332 $339,000
2011 Aug $35,754 $107,264 $339,000
2011 Sept $35,754 $106,527 $339,000
2011 Oct $20,000 $105,090 $339,000
Semi
2010 Nov $47,800 $362,361 $650,000
2010 Dec $47,800 $363,818 $650,000
2011 Jan $47,800 $364,351 $650,000
2011 Feb $83,000 $360,418 $665,000
2011 Mar $83,000 $355,296 $665,000
2011 April $83,000 $357,293 $665,000
2011 May $83,000 $358,150 $665,000
2011 June $83,000 $362,199 $665,000
2011 July $83,000 $357,916 $665,000
2011 Aug $85,000 $362,710 $665,000
2011 Sept $137,000 $366,671 $665,000
2011 Oct $137,000 $366,924 $665,000
Source: Rigzone.com
GLOBAL DATA
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We put you rst.
And keep you ahead.
We put you rst.
And keep you ahead.
2011 FMC Technologies. All rights reserved.
Totals Pazor project off Angola represents yet another rst
for FMC Technologies: Its the rst deepwater development
based on full-eld gas/liquid separation at the mudline.
Three vertical separation systems make it feasible to extract
heavy, highly viscous oil economically from deep Miocene
reservoirs. With proven subsea separation technologies, we
are pushing the limits of oil recovery in deepwater basins
around the world. And thats only the beginning.
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______________________
Pero
0 Km 50
0 Miles 31
Ring fences
Concesso
BM-ES-21
-
1
,
5
0
0
m
Vitria
1
3
5
k
m
Malombe
(1-BRSA-983-ESS)
414
BM-ES-21
13 km
Cago
Esprito Santo basin
GLOBAL E&P
Jeremy Beckman London
North America
Husky Energy has started production from a two-well pilot
scheme on the West White Rose feld offshore Newfoundland. The
aim is to derive further data ahead of a full development of the feld.
In the same region, Husky has been drilling the Fiddlehead explo-
ration prospect, south of the Terra Nova feld.
Pemex has contracted Cal Dive International to install an 8-in.

(20.3-cm) subsea pipeline next April in the Gulf of Mexico. The facil-
ity, in 47 m (154 ft) water depth, will serve the Abkatun feld.
South America
Petrobras has asked Brazils regulating agency ANP to postpone
closure of an Evaluation Plan for the Carioca area in offshore block
BM-S-9. This follows discovery of another oil accumulation, Abar,
35 km (21.7 mi) south of the Carioca discovery well, and a highly
productive extended well test.
The new fnd is in carbonate reservoirs at a depth of 4,830 m
(15,846 ft). As for the ongoing test on the Carioca Northeast well,
which is connected to the FPSO Dynamic Producer, results here sug-
gest potential for production of 28,000 b/d per day, well above the
initial estimates.
Petrobras had further successes elsewhere, fnding gas in the
Malombe structure in 980 m (3,215 ft) water depth in the postsalt
area of the Espirito Santo basin. The location is 13 km (7.4 mi)
southeast of the Peroa feld. Another deepwater well in the Santos
basin presalt cluster confrmed an extension of the Franco area oil
reserves, 7.7 km (4.8 mi) to the northwest, known as Franco NW.
Another on the growing roster of presalt fnds is the BP-operated

Itaipu in the Campos basin. A recent appraisal well 4 mi (7 km) south-
east of the discovery appears to extend the accumulation by 120 m (393
ft) downdip. Partner Anadarko is preparing to spud another presalt ap-
praisal well on the Wahoo feld in the same basin later this month.
Rockhopper Exploration has proven oil and gas while drilling

a multiple-target well in the Casper structure, a short distance
southwest of its Sea Lion fnd in the offshore North Falkland basin.
Casper could be equipped with a gas disposal well under a potential
joint development with Sea Lion.
Mediterranean Sea
Gas production has started from the Eni-operated Gendalina feld
platform, 47 km (29 mi) off northeast Italy. Final development costs
will likely be 7% above original estimates, according to partner Medi-
terranean Oil & Gas (MOG). The feld is in 42 m (138 ft) of water in
the AC 35 concession, with probable reserves of 22 bcf.
MOG has secured a short-term loan of up to $4.8 million, much
of which will be used for a 1,000-sq km (386-sq mi) seismic survey
in Area 4, offshore Malta, which may already be under way. Large
structures have been identifed in the permit, and the new survey
should help defne drilling targets.
Gas production has restarted through the Sabratha platform, 110

km (68 mi) northwest of Libyan capital Tripoli, following the shutdown
enforced by the recent confict. Mellitah Oil & Gas, the joint venture op-
erating company between NOC and Eni, expected output to ramp up to
11-13 MMcm/d (388-450 MMcf/d) by the end of last month, with all 15
platform wells being progressively reopened. Production rates should
rise further as the subsea wells come online next year. The gas is sent
to shore for processing at the Mellitah complex before heading north to
Italy across the Mediterranean Sea via the Greenstream pipeline.
Burullus Gas Co. has brought onstream the $1-billion Phase 8a of

the West Delta Deep Marine project offshore Egypt. This involves
adding nine wells to the existing subsea infrastructure, 90 km (56
m) from the Nile Delta.
In the Nile Delta shallow water region, IEOC has discovered gas
in the Salmon prospect, the third gas fnd in the North El Burg con-
cession since it was awarded in mid-2005. The semisub Scarabeo IV
drilled the well in 87 m (285 ft) of water, 50 km (31 mi) north of
Damietta, encountering gas in two shallow Pleistocene intervals.
In the Gulf of Suez, Egyptian General Petroleum Corp. has made
available various blocks under the 2011 exploration bid round.
These include NorthWest Abu Zenima, East Raps Burden Offshore,
and NorthEast Issran. Applications must be received by Jan. 30.
Caspian Sea
Lukoil has commissioned a new riser platform and a living quar-
ter platform for its Filanovsky oil feld development in the Russian
sector. Construction of related drilling/operations and central pro-
cessing platforms should start by early 2012. Oil will be exported to
shore through a new 330-km (205-mi) subsea pipeline.
Dragon Oil is targeting 100,000 b/d of oil in 2015 from the Chele-
ken Contract Area off Turkmenistan, and to sustain that level for at
least fve years or even exceed it. This could be achieved by a combi-
nation of new platforms and new rigs to speed up development drill-
ing, and enhanced oil recovery measures such as water injection on
the Dzheitune (Lam) feld. This year 13 new wells have been drilled,
which should push current output to 70,000 b/d by the end of 2011.
Middle East
Saipem has an EPIC contract from South Oil Co. for Phase 2 of the
Iraq Crude Oil Export Expansion Project. This involves expansion of
the Basra Oil terminal offshore the Al Faw Peninsula. Saipems scope
includes construction and installation of a central metering and mani-
fold platform in 28 m (92 ft) water depth, and associated facilities. This
will be built at the companys yards in Dammam, Saudi Arabia, and
Karimum, Indonesia, for installation in the second half of 2013.
ADMA-OPCO has contracted Fluor Offshore Solutions for FEED

work for new facilities on the Nasr feld, 30 km (18.6 mi) northeast
of the Umm Shaif complex off Abu Dhabi. The Nasr full feld devel-
opment calls for seven new wellhead towers, utilities and quarters
platforms, new gas processing and oil separation facilities, an infeld
subsea pipeline, and an export pipeline to Das Island.
East Africa
Eni is claiming a giant gas discovery via its frst well in Area 4 off Mo-
zambique. Mamba South 1, drilled in 1,585 m (5,200 ft) water depth 40 km
Malombe is one of three new deepwater finds for Petrobras offshore Brazil.
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2011 United Air Lines, Inc. All rights reserved.
Arrive in Lagos
with a full tank.
Announcing new daily nonstop service
from Houston to Lagos, Nigeria.
Service operated by Continental Airlines, Inc. MileagePlus accrual and
redemption is subject to the terms and conditions of MileagePlus.
Lagos to Houston service starts November 17, 2011.
Going to Lagos? Sit back, relax and top off your MileagePlus account. Were proud
to offer new daily nonstop service from Houston on our Boeing 777 aircraft, featuring
Uniteds BusinessFirst
cabins true 180-degree at-bed seating. So when your work is

done, you can rest easy. And if you book between now and February 1, 2012, youll
earn double MileagePlus miles for your trip. To register, visit mileageplus.com. For
ight reservations and information, go to united.com or continental.com.
2011 United Air Lines, Inc. All rights reserved.
Arrive in Lagos
with a full tank.
Announcing new daily nonstop service
from Houston to Lagos, Nigeria.
Service operated by Continental Airlines, Inc. MileagePlus accrual and
redemption is subject to the terms and conditions of MileagePlus.
Lagos to Houston service starts November 17, 2011.
Going to Lagos? Sit back, relax and top off your MileagePlus account. Were proud
to offer new daily nonstop service from Houston on our Boeing 777 aircraft, featuring
Uniteds BusinessFirst
cabins true 180-degree at-bed seating. So when your work is

done, you can rest easy. And if you book between now and February 1, 2012, youll
earn double MileagePlus miles for your trip. To register, visit mileageplus.com. For
ight reservations and information, go to united.com or continental.com.
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GLOBAL E&P
(25 mi) off Cabo Delgado coast, encountered 212
m (695 ft) of continuous gas pay in good-quality
Oligocene sands, and a 90-m (295-ft) wide sand
which could potentially hold 7.5 tcf. The well was
due to be deepened to TD of 5,000 m (16,404 ft),
with a second well to follow 22 km (13.5 mi) to
the north on the Mamba North structure.
India
ONGC has awarded McDermott Interna-
tional an EPIC contract for the Cluster 7 Devel-
opment offshore western India. McDermotts
scope includes construction and installation of
fve wellhead platforms with a total weight of
20,000 metric tons (22,046 tons), all to be built
at the companys yard in Jebel Ali, UAE. Instal-
lations should start from late 2012.
In the KG-DWN-2003/1 (D3) block off
eastern India, the Reliance/BP/Hardy Oil &
Gas consortium plan a dry gas, subsea clus-
ter development for the Dhirubhai 39, 41,
and 52 gas discoveries. The facilities would
provide fexibility for tie in of further accu-
mulations in the area.
West Africa
Wessex Exploration has signed an assur-
ance agreement for the Imlili block PSC off-
shore Western Sahara. This was awarded by
the Sawahari Arab Democratic Republic, recog-
nized by the UN as the democratically elected
government of the territory despite the occupa-
tion by Morocco. Imlili covers an area of 16,965
sq km (6,550 sq mi) in water depths of up to 150
m (492 ft), and is in between two other blocks
where Wessex holds 50% interest.
Mauritanias government has agreed

terms for new offshore PSCs with Tullow
Oil and its partners. The previous PSC-Area
A and PSC-Area B have been replaced by a
single concession, C-10, covering 10,725 sq
km (4,141 sq mi). Tullow is operator with
59%, although Petronas will continue to op-
erate the producing Chinguetti feld based
on the original license interests. The revi-
sion should hasten development of the Ban-
da gas and oil discoveries, and spur further
exploration drilling.
Anadarkos frst well in Liberian waters

found subcommercial light oil. The discovery
came in the deeper secondary (late Creta-
ceous) objective. Although the well has since
been plugged, it did establish a working hy-
drocarbon system in the Liberian basin, part-
ner Tullow points out. The drillship was due to
mobilize north to appraise the same partner-
ships Mercury discovery off Sierra Leone.
Namibias Ministry of Mines and Energy

has awarded UK independent Serica Energy
85% interests in four large blocks and part-
blocks in the offshore Luedritz basin. Other
parters are state-owned NAMCOR and In-
digenous Energy. The blocks cover a total of
17,400 sq km (6,718 sq mi) in the center of
the little-explored basin, south of the Walvis
ridge. Analysis of existing seismic suggests
potential for four-way dipped closed struc-
tures in the undrilled deepwater parts of the
concessions.
Chariot Oil & Gas has won a drilling per-
mit for its deepwater Tapir South prospect in
northern license 1811 A&B offshore Namib-
ia. This followed submission of detailed well
and oil spill response plans.
Total has achieved a second discovery in

the OML 102 concession, 65 km (40 mi) off
Nigerias southeastern coast. Etisong North
was drilled in 80 m (262 ft) water depth, 15 m
(49 ft) southeast of the Total-operated Ofon
complex. It tested 40 API oil at 8,500 b/d
from one of three reservoirs encountered.
The previous fnd was Etisong Main in 2008.
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GLOBAL E&P
Total is considering a new development hub.
To the south off Gabon, the new platform
for Totals Phase 3 Anguille feld redevelop-
ment was due to sail out of Eiffels yard in
southern France this month. It should arrive
at the offshore destination in February.
Asia-Pacifc
A joint investigation team in China has
concluded that operator ConocoPhillips was
responsible for the leak earlier this year from
the offshore Penglai 19-3 oil feld. The team
cited violation of the Overall Development
Plan, defects in procedures and manage-
ment, and failure to take necessary measures
after clear accident signs emerged. Partner
CNOOC says it will assist ConocoPhillips in
dealing with subsequent issues.
Chevron has started gas production from the

$3.1-billion Platong II project in the Gulf of Thai-
land, which eventually will deliver 330 MMcf/d
and 18,000 b/d of NGLs. The development is
in shallow water, 120 mi (200 km) from the
southern Thai coast. New facilities connected
to the existing infrastructure include a central
processing platform, four wellhead platforms,
and living quarters for 200 personnel.
Petronas Carigali and Shell Malaysia will col-

laborate on enhanced oil recovery (EOR) projects
offshore Sarawak and Sabah. They have signed
a heads of agreement for two 30-year PSCs de-
signed to extend the life and of the Baram Delta
(BDO) and North Sabah felds, and to increase
production from the felds by a further 90-100,000
boe/d. A technology review could lead to imple-
mentation at North Sabah of the worlds frst feld-
scale offshore chemical EOR process.
ExxonMobil has contracted Malaysia Marine

and Heavy Engineering to build two four-leg sat-
ellite platforms for the Telok gas development.
Gas produced through these facilities will head
through a new 25-km (15.5-mi) subsea pipeline to
the existing Guntong E platform off Malaysia for
processing. Start-up is scheduled for early 2013.
Niko Resources has awarded Diamond Off-

shore a four-year, $700-million contract for use
of the semisub Ocean Monarch for a deepwater
exploration program offshore Indonesia. The
rig is equipped to drill to depths of 35,000 ft
(10,668 m), in water depths of up to 10,000 ft
(3,048 m). It will start work on Nikos 16 Indo-
nesian PSC areas in mid-2012.
Mobil Cepu has agreed a $300-million con-

tract under which Sembawang Shipyard will
convert a tanker to a VLCC-size FSO for the
Banyu Urip project. This will be deployed off-
shore East Java, Indonesia. The conversion
should be completed early in 2014.
Australasia
Chevron has notched two further gas dis-
coveries off Western Australia, both in per-
mit area WA-205-P. Acme West-1 and Acme
West-2 were drilled in 3,035 ft (925 m) of
water, and encountered combined gas pay of
561 ft (171 m). Chevron expects to eventu-
ally tie both into its Wheatstone LNG hub.
Cameroon
Area
shown
Nigeria
Nigeria
Benin
Niger
Bay of Benin
Gulf of Guinee
Total operator
Total partner 0 50 km
0 31 Miles
OML 102
Etisong North is Totals second find in the
shallow-water OML 102 concession off Nigeria.
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OFFSHORE EUROPE
Jeremy Beckman London
Ithaca brings in FPF1 for North Sea hub
Ithaca Energy has drawn up plans for a new oil and gas produc-
tion hub in the UK central North Sea. The Greater Stella Area (GSA)
project will develop up to four felds in blocks 29/10a & b and 30/6a,
all tied back to the Petrofac-owned semisubmersible production
platform FPF1.
The initial focus will be on the Stella and Harrier felds, with the addi-
tion of the Hurricane and Helios structures, depending on the outcome
of appraisal drilling. Ithaca has lined up the Awilco semisub Wilhunter
for a well on Hurricane early in 2012, while Helios faces a drill or drop
decision in 2013. Start-up is targeted for the second half of that year at
an initial average rate of 30,000 boe/d, pending approval for the devel-
opment plan due to be submitted to the UK government this month.
GSA has been on the drawing board for some time, but what
drove this fnal solution forward was a series of deals that included
Ithaca acquiring Stella/Harrier partner Challenger Minerals North
Sea from parent company Transocean, and Petrofac providing the
FPF, and earning a 20% interest in the project at frst oil.
The foater, which is more than 30 years old, was known as AH-001,
and previously operated for Hess on the Rob Roy/Ivanhoe felds, also
in the central UK sector. Petrofac had been looking for a new home
for the facility for some time. The companys Offshore Engineering
& Operations division will perform modifcation and upgrades ahead
of the new deployment, to bring capacity up to 38,000 b/d of oil and
2.4 MMcm/d (84.75 MMcf/d) of gas, and Petrofac will subsequently
provide duty holder services under a life-of-feld contract.
Ithaca says the development will prioritize oil and condensate pro-
duction over gas during the early years to maximize value. GSA oil
will be piped 31 km (19-mi) to the Grane Area Export Line which
feeds through to the Forties system to Cruden Bay, north of Ab-
erdeen. The gas will be exported through a 59-km (36-mi) pipeline
connecting to a tee on the CATS trunkline to Teesside.
Norwegian contenders off the starting blocks
Two of the Norwegian sectors leading independents have won
approvals for their frst development projects.
Lundin Norways Brynhild feld (formerly Nymo) is in 80 m (262 ft)
water depth in North Sea license PL 148, close to the median line with
the UK. Development calls for three subsea wells tied back 38 km
(23.6 mi) to Shells Pierce FPSO on the UK side. Aker Solutions has
the EPC contract for the subsea production system, which includes
the trees, template-manifold structure, and control umbilicals. Tech-
nip will manufacture and install the reeled pipe-in-pipe production and
plastic lined water injection fowlines. Start-up is slated for late 2013.
Det norske oljeselskaps project is Atla (ex-David) in southern
Norwegian North Sea license 102C. The Total-operated gas feld
was discovered in October 2010 this will be converted for use as a
producer, with the gas exported to Totals Hemidal complex 20 km
(12 mi) to the southwest. Costs are estimated at $227 million.
Among the other major new North Sea projects going forward,
Britains Department of Energy and Climate Change has approved
Nexen Petroleums $3.2-billion Golden Eagle area development in the
UK central sector. Facilities will include a combined production, utili-
ties, and quarters platform linked to a wellhead platform Lamprell
will build both the decks in Jebel Ali, UAE. Plans call for 16 platform-
based wells and four subsea wells, with an initial production rate of up
to 70,000 boe/d. Start-up is scheduled for late 2014.
DONG E&P has approval from the Danish Energy Agency (DEA)
for its $1.67-billion Hejre oil and gas project in the northern part of
the Danish central graben. Here the focus will be a fve-well pro-
cessing/wellhead platform with new pipelines connected to existing
infrastructure, and frst oil during 2015.
Danes, Norwegians launch chalk initiatives
Ten oil companies are working with the Norwegian Petroleum Di-
rectorate (NPD) and the DEA to improve recovery from tight chalk
felds offshore Norway and Denmark. Phase 7 of the Joint Chalk Re-
search program, which started in 1982, will investigate:
Ways to maximize effciency in application of water injection in
chalk felds
Weakening/compaction of chalk rocks during water/CO
2
injection
How to model the impact on the reservoir of CO
2
injection for im-
proved recovery.
Collectively, the 10 companies will provide sponsorship of up to $367
million/yr from 2012 for an initial period of three years.
In a separate initiative, Maersk Oil with Danish sector partners Shell
and Chevron will provide further funds for a fve-year research program
on chalk reservoirs in the Danish North Sea, led by Copenhagens Depart-
ment of Geography and Geology (DGG). Here the goal is to clarify the
original processes that dictated where chalk was laid down and how res-
ervoir characteristics were formed, but with a focus on hard-to-detect inter-
chalk variations indicative of overlooked hydrocarbon traps. Currently no
geological models exist to predict these variations well, DGG claims.
Heavier vessels needed
for platform removals
North Sea decommissioning could provide $75.6 billion of new
business opportunities over the next three decades, according to
analysts Deloitte and Douglas-Westwood. According to their latest
North Sea Offshore Decommissioning Market Report, most of the
activity and associated spend will occur between 2016 and 2031.
However, the projected workload will likely exceed existing heavy-
lift vessel and onshore dismantling capacity, increasing the pressure
for new specialized vessels and purpose-built yards. And this situation
could be exacerbated by activity in the local offshore wind sector.
The report outlines two scenarios for developing offshore lift
technologies. One involves using existing heavy-lift vessels per-
forming decommissioning as an offshore deconstruction process.
The other examines the impact of new super heavy lift vessels ca-
pable of lifting 15,000 tons or more.
Last month, engineering consultancy PDi started work in the UK
on a study concerning decommissioning of pipeline bundles. Over
60 bundles have been installed for North Sea subsea developments,
incorporating fow lines, gas-lift, water injection, and chemical injec-
tion lines into one carrier pipe, with an estimated combined length
of 250 km (155 mi). However, according to funding provider ITF, no
guidance is available for the removal process.
PDi offcials said that although bundles may appear similar to
trunklines they have a large diameter and rest on the seabed all
are less than 7.5 km (4.6 mi) long.
Totals Atla subsea tieback to Heimdal is partner Det norske oljeselskaps
first development project.
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The increasing difficulty to access oil and gas reserves has
led to a rapid growth of the subsea sector. With the Subsea
Power Grid, Siemens has now created a milestone on the
road to large-scale processing.
Answers for energy.
www.siemens.com/energy/subsea-power-grid
Enabling highly reliable and cost-efficient development
of marginal and dispersed fields over very long step-outs,
the Siemens Subsea Power Grid marks a new era in subsea
production.
Enabling large-scale processing.
Siemens Subsea Power Grid

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Visit us at
booth 9102, hall 9
at WPC 2011,
December 48
Doha, Qatar
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PAI Miocene & Pliocene discovery
Source: Petrobras
PAI Lower Tertiary discoveries
Mexico
Texas
Austin
Tiber
Lucius
Keathley Canyon
Walker Ridge
Logan
St. Malo
Stones
Chinook
Cascade
Hadrian N
Hadrian S
Houston
New Orleans
Gulf of Mexico
Louisiana
GULF OF MEXI CO
Bruce Beaubouef Houston
BOEM announces proposed
OCS leasing program for 2012-2017
The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) has an-
nounced its proposed outer continental shelf (OCS) oil and gas leas-
ing program for 20122017.
The plan focuses on exploration in the Gulf of Mexico; proposes
three auctions in the Arctic; and rules out development in unex-
plored areas along the Atlantic coast.
In all, the Interior Department will hold 15 lease sales in six off-
shore areas, including the eastern Gulf of Mexico, near an area
where development is currently off limits under a federal ban.
The following sales are included in the proposed program:
Western GoM: Five annual area-wide lease sales beginning in
the fall of 2012 that make available all unleased acreage
Central GoM: Five annual areawide lease sales beginning in the
spring of 2013 that make available all unleased acreage
Eastern GoM: Two sales, in 2014 and 2016, in areas of the east-
ern Gulf that are not currently under congressional moratorium
Beaufort Sea: One sale in 2015 with time to learn from any in-
terim exploration and further analyze environmental issues,
subsistence use needs, and infrastructure capabilities
Chukchi Sea: One sale in 2016, with time to learn from any
interim exploration and further analyze environmental issues,
subsistence use needs, and infrastructure capabilities so that
the lease sale can be tailored to balance these issues
Cook Inlet: One special interest sale including the entire plan-
ning area, which is initially scheduled for 2013, but may be
moved to later in the program depending on industry interest
in the sale.
Interior Secretary Ken Salazar described the new proposal as an
expansion of safe and responsible oil and gas production from the
outer continental shelf that would help us continue to reduce our
dependence on foreign oil. He said that the program would make
available more than 75% of the oil and gas resources that the govern-
ment estimates are under the outer continental shelf and deemed to
be technically recoverable.
FMC sets new deepwater
completion record in GoM
FMC Technologies, Inc. reports that its enhanced vertical deep-
water tree (EVDT) system has set a new deepwater completion re-
cord of 9,627 ft (2,934 m). The world record
depth was achieved at the Shell-operated To-
bago feld, part of the Perdido development
located in the Gulf of Mexico.
The new depth record surpasses the previ-
ous milestone of 9,356 ft (2,852 m) that was
established in 2008 at Shells Silvertip feld,
which is also a part of the Perdido develop-
ment. That record was also achieved with an
FMC-designed EVDT, a subsea oil and gas
production tree system that earned FMC the
2008 Spotlight on New Technology Award at
the energy industrys Offshore Technology
Conference in Houston.
Located on Alaminos Canyon Block 815,
Shells Perdido development includes the
Great White, Silvertip and Tobago felds.
FMCs overall scope of supply for the project
has included 25 subsea trees pressure rated at 10,000 psi, fve sub-
sea caisson separation and boosting systems, two subsea manifolds
and related controls and equipment. Shell operates the Tobago feld
on behalf of partners Chevron, Unocal and Nexen.
Petrobras strikes oil
in deepwater Walker Ridge area
Petrleo Brasileiro S.A (Petrobras) has announced a new oil
strike at the southeast end of its Walker Ridge concession area in
the Gulf of Mexico.
The Logan discovery is 400 km (250 mi) southeast of New Or-
leans, at a water depth of 2,364 m (7,750 ft). The discovery is by well
WR 969 #1 (Logan #1), in block WR 969. New exploratory activities
will determine the recoverable volumes and commerciality.
Statoil is the operator with a 35% interest. Petrobras Amrica Inc.
holds 35%, while Ecopetrol America and OOGC have a 20% and a 10%
interest, respectively.
Hess to proceed with Tubular Bells
Hess Corp. has announced plans to proceed to develop the deep-
water Gulf of Mexico Tubular Bells oil and gas project, subject to re-
ceipt of the necessary government permits.
The plan initially calls for three subsea
production wells and two water injection
wells from two subsea drill centers tied back
to a third-party owned spar production facil-
ity, the frst of its kind to be constructed en-
tirely in the United States. Drilling is sched-
uled to begin in 2012 and initial production is
expected in 2014.
The development is estimated to cost $2.3
billion, with additional commitments for pro-
duction handling, export pipeline, and oil
and gas gathering and processing services.
Annual gross production is expected to
peak in the range of 40,000-45,000 boe/d.
Total estimated recoverable resources for
Tubular Bells are estimated at more than
120 MMboe.
Hess will hold a 57.14% interest in the feld
and Chevron U.S.A. Inc. will hold the remain-
ing 42.86%.
Tubular Bells was discovered in 2003, along
with a number of other deepwater fnds.
Petrobras has announced a new oil discovery at the southeast end of its
Walker Ridge concession area in the Gulf of Mexico, some 400 km (250 mi)
southeast of New Orleans.
FMC Technologies, Inc. says that its enhanced
vertical deepwater tree (EVDT) system has set a
new deepwater completion record in the GoM of
9,627 ft (2,934 m).
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SUBSEA SYSTEMS
Gene Kliewer Houston
Aker Solutions, ABB
team on record subsea
electrical system
A record for distance, voltage, and fre-
quency will be set when ABB provides to
Aker Solutions drives and transformers for
the subsea power distribution system at
Statoils sgard oil and gas feld. sgard is
in the Haltenbanken in water depths of 240-
310 m (787-1,017 ft). Gas and condensate
from the Midgard and Mikkel reservoirs are
transported through long distance fowlines
to the sgard B platform.
Aker has contracted ABB for $36 million
to power the worlds frst subsea gas com-
pression system from the sgard FSO off-
shore Norway. The system will be able to
send 15 megavolt-amperes and 189 hertz
over 43 km (26 mi). That will set a record
for distance, voltage, and frequency between
a drive on a foating production facility and
seabed compressor, says ABB.
Aker Solutions has contracted MAN Die-
sel & Turbo Schweiz to supply four com-
pressor units for Statoil sgard subsea com-
pression project in the Norwegian Sea.
ABB and Aker Solutions combined on a
similar project to power a subsea water in-
jection system in Statoils Tyrihans feld,
31 km (19 mi) from the surface operating
platform.
sgard umbilicals
Nexans has been awarded a 75 million
($102 million) contract by Statoil to design,
manufacture and supply a total of 165 km
(102 mi) of static and dynamic power um-
bilical and power cables, as well as neces-
sary accessories, for sgard.
Nexanss manufacturing facilities in Nor-
way, Halden, Rognan and Namsos, as well as
Charleroi in Belgium, will be involved in the
project. Nexans will supply four lengths of
power cable and power umbilical, each 40
km (24.8 mi) long, two lengths of dynamic
power umbilical, and 2.3 km (1.4 mi) of stan-
dard service umbilical cable.
Aker to supply
more subsea systems
Lundin Norway has awarded Aker Sub-
sea a NOK-700 million ($123.9-million) EPC
contract for a subsea production system
for the Brynhild project in the Norwegian
North Sea. The scope of work includes one
template-manifold structure, one riser base,
three subsea trees, three wellhead systems,
a control system, a tie-in system, 38 km (23.6
mi) of umbilicals, an HP riser, and rental
tooling.
There are also options for additional equip-
ment, including other feld developments.
Brynhild is northwest of the Ula feld and
38 km (24 mi) east of the Pierce in UK wa-
ters of 80 m (262 ft). It will be developed as a
fasttrack subsea tieback to the Pierce FPSO.
Engineering and procurement of the sub-
sea production system will be conducted
mainly at Aker Solutions headquarters in
Oslo. Fabrication of the subsea trees will be
completed at Aker Solutions manufacturing
center in Tranby, Norway, while the com-
panys yard in Egersund will handle the tem-
plate-manifolds. The umbilical will be manu-
factured in Moss, Norway, and the control
and wellhead systems in Aberdeen, UK.
Aker Solutions service base in Aagotnes,
Norway, will handle the installations, with
fnal deliveries scheduled for spring 2013.
BP awards GoM subsea
work to EMAS
BP Exploration & Production, Inc. has
awarded Ezra Holdings Ltd subsea construc-
tion division, EMAS AMC, a contract for sub-
sea work at Atlantis in Green Canyon block
743 in the GoM.
The project scope is installation and re-
placement of subsea equipment comprised of
manifolds, pipeline end manifolds (PLEMs),
jumpers, and associated hardware in 6,800 ft
(2,073 m) of water, as well as assisting BP to
commission and start-up of the equipment.
Atlantis is the worlds deepest moored
foating production facility and can process
200,000 b/d of oil and 180 MMcf/d of gas.
Noble calls for subsea trees
on Tamar in the eastern
Mediterranean
Noble Energy has awarded Delmar Sys-
tems Inc. a contract to install fve subsea
trees in the Tamar gas feld offshore Israel
in the Mediterranean Sea.
Delmar says it will use the Heave Com-
pensated Landing System to install the equip-
ment on the Matan block in 5,500 ft (1,676 m)
water depth working with the Transocean
Sedco Express semisubmersible rig. Project
commissioning is expected in late 2012.
ROV spending to reach $1.7 billion in 2015
Total annual expenditure on ROV support of underwater operations is expected to
grow from $891 million in 2010 to $1,692 million in 2015, predicts Douglas-Westwood
in its World ROV Market Forecast 2011-2015.
The world fleet of work-class ROVs consists of 641 units operated by 21 companies.
Although ROVs are today used in many sectors ranging from academic research
to military applications and salvage, the largest commercial user is the offshore oil
and gas industry where they have become an essential tool for deepwater operations,
said John Westwood, Douglas-Westwood chairman. This was clearly demonstrated
recently in the subsea work to cap the Macondo blow-out in the US Gulf of Mexico.
Launching a Saab Seaeye Panther ROV on location. Cal Dive
International (Australia) Pty Ltd has bought a Saab Seaeye
Panther XT Plus ROV configured for hazardous-area operations.
The ROV configuration chosen by Cal Dive, includes a Seaeye
wide-angle low-light black and white camera and a Kongsberg
compact color zoom camera. It also has a Tritech Super SeaKing
sonar with dual frequency sonar head, and a Tritech altimeter
with auto altitude option. Fitted to the ROV are two Schilling
Orion manipulators: starboard side, a seven function posi-
tion feedback manipulator with 3.8-in. gripper, and port side, a
four function rate manipulator with 7.8-in. gripper. For debris
clearance, the Panther comes with a rotary disc cutter and a 38
mm anvil cutter. There is also a water jetting system, a clean-
ing brush assembly and manipulator-held cleaning brush tool.
A Cygnus ultrasonic thickness gauge comes with the ROV,
together with a CP proximity probe to check anode protection.
In addition, Cal Dive has won a contract to install an 8-in
subsea pipeline in Abkatun field, Gulf of Mexico, for Pemex
Exploracin y Produccin. The $27-million project, scheduled to
begin in April 2012, will be in 47 m (154 ft) water depth.
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VESSELS, RI GS, & SURFACE SYSTEMS
Bruce Beaubouef Houston
DNV to class Dockwise heavy-lift vessel
under new rules
DNV reports the Dockwise Vanguard heavy-lift vessel will be the
frst such semisubmersible vessel built under DNVs new class
rules for this type of ship.
The Vanguard has no forecastle and therefore can carry longer
cargo. The deckhouse is positioned mostly outside the hull, giving
the vessel the capacity to carry 70-m (230-ft) wide cargo. The vessel
is about 80 m (264 ft) in total width, and is 275 m (902 ft) in length.
The vessel is to be built by Hyundai Heavy Industries in Korea. Its
keel will be laid in December and the vessel is due to be delivered
in October 2012.
Subsea 7 gets Petrobras contract, orders
newbuild pipelay vessel
Petrobras has awarded Subsea 7 SA a fve-year contract to provide
a dedicated deepwater fexible pipelay vessel for use offshore Brazil.
The $500-million contract means Subsea 7 will construct a new-
build vessel for $350-million. The vessel will be 146 m (479 ft) long,
30 m (98 ft) of beam, and a Class 2 dynamic positioning system.
Further, it will be equipped to transport and install fexible fow-
lines and umbilicals in 3,000 m (9,842 ft) water depths. Equipment
is to include a tiltable lay system with top-tension to 550 metric tons
(606 tons), two under-deck storage carousels, deck crane, and two
ROVs. Delivery is scheduled for the second half of 2014.
Hornbeck contracts 16 newbuild OSVs
Hornbeck Offshore Services Inc. has signed contracts for con-
struction of 16 high-specifcation offshore supply vessels following
the recent announcement of its $720-million newbuild program.
VT Halter Marine Inc. of Pascagoula, Mississippi, and with Eastern
Shipbuilding Group Inc. of Panama City, Florida, each have separate
contracts to construct eight 300 class vessels with options to build ad-
ditional such vessels.
VT Halter will construct eight vessels based on the Super 320
design it developed for Hornbeck Offshore. These DP-2 OSVs are
designed to have 6,200 long tons of deadweight capacity, approxi-
mately 20,900 bbls of liquid mud carrying capability, 11,863 sq ft
(1,102 sq m) of deck area and a fre-fghting class notation. The Su-
per 320 design has a double-hull that eliminates any fuel storage
adjacent to the sideshell, and propulsion machinery that meets the
requirements of EPA Tier 3 for stack emissions.
The eight OSVs to be constructed by Eastern Shipbuilding will be
DP-2 classed and consist of four vessels based on the STX Marine SV
300 design and four vessels based on the STX Marine SV 310 design.
Features include more than 20,000 bbls of liquid mud carrying capacity
and a fre-fghting class notation. The SV 300 design calls for 5,500 long
tons of deadweight capacity and 10,976 sq ft (1,020 sq m) of deck space,
while the SV 310 design calls for 6,144 long tons of deadweight capacity
and 11,536 sq ft of deck space. The STX designs meet the same envi-
ronmental standards as the Super 320 design and will also carry the
ENVIRO class notation by the American Bureau of Shipping.
Buccaneer completes jackup rig purchase
for Cook Inlet project
Buccaneer Energy Ltd. says its Kenai Offshore Ventures organi-
zation has completed acquiring from Transocean Offshore Resourc-
es Ltd. the GSF Adriatic XI jackup drilling rig for $68.5 million. The
rig has been renamed EndeavourSpirit of Independence.
The Marathon LeTourneau 116-C jackup is in Singapore for modi-
fcations to winterize it and to return it to duty following a cold stack.
The frst well for the Endeavour is expected to be at Buccaneers
Southern Cross project offshore Alaska. Drilling is expected to be-
gin 2Q 2012 on the Cook Inlet site.
Aseng FPSO reaches frst production
offshore Equatorial Guinea
The FPSO Aseng has started frst production offshore Equatorial
Guinea in block I with 1,000 m (3,280 ft) water depth, reports SBM
Offshore N.V.
This marks the hand-over of the FPSO to Noble Energy EG Ltd.
two months ahead of schedule. Noble has contracted the FPSO for
15 years with provisions for extensions to fve more years.
The FPSO serves not only Aseng feld, but also will be a liquids
hub for Noble Energys future developments in the area with pro-
cessing capacity for 120,000 b/d of liquids including 80,000 b/d of
oil and an injection capacity of up to 150,000 b/d of water, as well as
handling 170 MMcf/d of gas. The unit can store 1.6 MMbbl of oil
including up to 500,000 bbl of condensate.
SBM Offshore has a joint venture with Compania Nacional de
Petroleo de Guinea Ecuatorial (GEPetrol), the state oil company of
Equatorial Guinea, for the ownership and operation of the Aseng
unit. Under this agreement, SBM Offshore owns a 60% share with
GEPetrol holding the remaining 40%.
TSC secures second
Super M2 jackup rig package
TSC Group Holdings Ltd. says it has secured the second Super M2
jackup rig (300 ft) package from CIMC Raffes Shipyard, following close-
ly after the frst package that was signed in October this year. Combined
with the previous order, the two jackup rig orders worth a total of approxi-
mately $68 million. Both rigs are expected to be delivered by 4Q 2013.
The Friede & Goldman-designed Super M2 is a self-elevating drilling
unit operating in water depths of up to 300 feet, with a drilling depth of
30,000 ft. TSC Group will design, manufacture, install, and commission
the integrated drilling rig package for the rig which will be delivered to
CIMC Raffes Shipyard in Yantai, Shandong Province, China.
Hamworthy to supply
gas generator for BP FPSO
Hamworthy says it has won a contract from South Koreas Hyun-
dai Heavy Industries to supply its inert gas generator (IGG) package
for the QUAD 204 FPSO project. The BP-operated FPSO is to be de-
ployed some 110 mi to the west of the Shetland Isles in the North
Atlantic as a replacement for the Schiehallion FPSO.
Hamworthy will supply two sets of inert gas generator units, including
two deck water seals, two control systems, two inert gas cleaners and two
pressure vacuum breakers. The IGG system together with the control
system will be placed inside a dedicated inert gas room to protect it from
the harsh operating environment. The new FPSO, measuring 270 m by
52 m, will be able to produce 130,000 bbl of oil and 2.2 MM cu m of gas
per day and will have a storage capacity of 1.06 MMbbl of oil.
Dockwises new heavy lift vessel, the Dockwise Vanguard, will be able to
lift and transport units of up to 110,000 m tons (121,254 tons) weight.
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_____________
DRI LLI NG & PRODUCTI ON
Eldon Ball Houston
Forecast for 2012 oil prices
Its that time of year again. Sleigh bells
ring and were listening and in the lane,
snow is glistening, and were ready for an-
other annual forecast of oil prices for 2012,
and all that implies.
This year, after consulting with the
gnomes of Zurich, the sheiks of Dubai, and
the entrails of a number of environmentally
un-endangered birds, we have divined a
2012 average price that we believe will stand
the tests of logic and probability.
But frst, lets examine the rationale.
Remember that price is a function of supply
and demand, so that whatever increases sup-
ply demand being static decreases price,
and vice versa. Seldom does either price or de-
mand remain static, so we are challenged with
anticipating the size, direction, and timing of
their movements. Here are some currently oc-
curring trends that can move the market:
Bullish indicators
At press time, WTI sweet crude prices
are creeping past $100/bbl on the futures
market and Brent crude is weighing in at
just over $111/bbl. This is a strong trend,
although of indefnite duration. Recent eco-
nomic reports in the United States show
that consumer spending increased for elec-
tronics, appliances, hardware, building sup-
plies and at grocery stores, restaurants and
health care stores, suggesting a healthier
economy and growing energy demand. The
economies of Asia, specifcally India and
China, continue to expand, increasing en-
ergy demand.
In addition, the strength of the US dollar
continues to fall. Since oil is priced in dol-
lars, the less they are worth, the more it
takes to buy something, including a barrel
of oil. Although the US dollar is currently
trading slightly above its 200-day moving av-
erage, it has been in a steady decline since
May of this year. Current fscal policy by the
US administration and the Federal Reserve
wont change that trend.
Bearish indicators
Reports from Libya maintain that all fac-
tions, still red in tooth and claw from violent
disagreements, can at least agree that it be-
hooves them to sell oil, and that hence a sup-
ply of 1.6 MMb/d will return to the market
by June of next year. This increased supply
will put downward pressure on prices.
As the long-running drama of European
government debt continues to unfold, we
fnd that now even France, the Netherlands,
Finland, Spain, Belgium, and Austria are at
risk of rising interest rates and in danger
of joining Greece and Italy in approaching
unsustainable debt service costs. If that
happens, Europe could see a ripple effect
of defaults or write-downs that would result
in widespread recession. Analysts say that
oil traders have priced in the potential for
a slowdown in the euro zone. This editor
would beg to differ.
New reserves from the shale oil and gas
plays in the US are a double-edged sword.
While the new sources of supply will reduce
American reliance on imports helping the
US balance of payments and relieving the
impact of higher energy prices on the US
economy they will have a downward infu-
ence on prices (something already occurring
for gas). In fact, we expect gas to gradually
replace oil for some energy uses, bringing
further downward pressure on crude prices.
There is little doubt that the shale boom in
the US is signifcant. Anadarko Petroleum,
for example, says its horizontal Niobrara
program in the Wattenberg feld in Colorado
generates returns competitive with its best
projects. Anadarko says reserve potential in
Wattenberg alone is 500 MM to 1.5 Bboe. It
is the tip of a very large iceberg.
OPEC has traditionally held the trump
hand on oil prices, able to increase or reduce
supply when price gets out of hand in one di-
rection or the other. It has been the strategy
of oil-consuming nations for years to fnd
sources outside the OPEC cartel and there-
fore more responsive to market forces. Wit-
ness China, which, steeped in the Confucian
wisdom of peering far into the future and
planning accordingly, has taken E&P and
purchasing positions throughout the globe
in such oil-rich environs as Brazil, Venezu-
ela, most of West Africa, Australia, and Can-
ada. Leaving no stone unturned, CNOOC
is even now exploring off Cuba. Even so,
OPEC still controls an estimated 70% of sup-
ply, clearly enough to control prices if all the
members follow policy. It is OPECs policy to
not allow oil to price itself out of the market.
Iran: The wildcard
Even the United Nations now admits that
Iran is working to develop a nuclear strike
capability, and even the most gullible of
world leaders doubts that once it reaches
that capability, Iran will use it. If that hap-
pens, or if Israel mounts a preemptive strike,
as has been speculated, all other calcula-
tions are meaningless.
For the frst half of 2012, the bullish trends
outweigh the bearish, and we see an average
frst half price of $98/bbl, with short-term
prices whipsawing as much as 20% on either
side of that level. It will take until May for
the European situation to resolve into some-
thing the market can assimilate, after which
price could fall. Remember that in late April,
crude oil futures contracts were trading at
$115, and as recently as early October they
were at $75.
Its not an exact science. And were not ready
to make a call on the second half of 2012.
McMoRan hits pay dirt
McMoRan Exploration Co. has encountered
new hydrocarbons at its Laftte ultra-deep pros-
pect, Eugene Island Block 223, in 140 ft (42 m)
of water. The well has been drilled to a TVD of
29,756 ft (9,070 m) and has been logged with
wireline logs to 29,740 ft (9,064 m). The wire-
line log results indicated 56 net ft (17 m) of
hydrocarbon-bearing sand over a 58-ft (17.6 m)
gross interval in the Cris-R section of the Lower
Miocene with good porosity, the company said.
Flow testing will be required to confrm the ul-
timate hydrocarbon fow rates from this zone,
which was full to base. McMoRan controls ap-
proximately 15,000 gross acres in the immedi-
ate area of Laftte.
The new Cris-R sand interval combined with
the previously encountered 115 ft (35 m) of po-
tential net pay (250 gross ft (76 m)) brings the
total possible productive net sands to 171 ft (52.4
m) in the Laftte well. These results enhance the
potential of McMoRans other acreage in the
Laftte strategic area, including its Barataria and
Captain Blood ultra-deep prospects. Barataria
(10,000 gross acres) is located west-southwest of
Laftte and Captain Blood (10,000 gross acres) is
located immediately south of Laftte.
McMoRan plans to apply for a permit to
deepen the Laftte well to a proposed TD of
32,000 ft to evaluate deeper objectives.
Lafitte is McMoRans third ultra-deep prospect
to encounter Miocene age sands below the salt
weld on the GoM Shelf.
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Saudi Aramces InternatienaI 1aIent quest
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________________________________
GEOSCI ENCES
Gene Kliewer Houston
Arctic areas in the news
In addition to the offshore Iceland seismic
available from Spectrum as described on the
map (right), there is more arctic exploration
news. TGS is acquiring 1,500 sq km (580 sq
mi) of 3D multi-client seismic data between
the Finnmark Platform and Nordkapp basin
of the Barents Sea. TGS says the survey will
follow the bended strike direction of the in-
verted margin between the two structures.
The data will be processed by TGS and avail-
able to clients by 2Q 2012.
TGS, in partnership with PGS, also has a
22,000-km (13,670-mi) long multi-client sur-
vey offshore Labrador-Newfoundland. After
suspending work on the program this fall,
the vessel will return early next summer to
complete the survey.
Further northeast, TGS started a 1,800-
km (1,118-mi) 2D program offshore north-
east Greenland. This is a joint TGS/Fugro
project, with TGS processing the data.
In southeast Greenland, TGS acquired
29,000 km (18,019 mi) of airborne gravity,
magnetic, and seep data during the third
quarter of the year, the frst time the com-
pany has deployed Seepfnder technology to
detect oil seeps on the sea surface.
Another survey still under way is a 2D op-
eration in the Laptev and East Siberian Sea of
the Russian arctic, in partnership with Rus-
sian contractor DMNG. The vessel acquired
5,050 km (3,138 mi) of MC 2D during 3Q and
early 4Q. Acquisition will continue into 4Q as
long as ice conditions allow.
IONGeophysical acquired another 5,200 km
(3,231 mi) of seismic offshore northeast Green-
land. In addition, ION also worked in the 2011
Arctic Expedition at the Exclusive Economic
Zone of the Russian Federation. The survey
was performed by order of the Federal Subsoil
Resources Management Agency, under the
guidance of the State Research Navigation and
Hydrographic Institute, in support of submission
of Russia to the U.N. for extension of the limits
of the continental shelf. Seismic data (approxi-
mately 6,000 km, or 3,728 mi) was acquired over
57 days, culminating in the acquisition of data at
a distance of less than 300 km (186 mi) of the
North Pole.
Reprocessing adds to pros-
pects offshore Ireland
In climate contrast, Providence Resources
says the Dragon discovery in the St. Georges
Channel basin off southeast Ireland may con-
tain more gas than previously suspected. The
new assessment resulted from a seismic inver-
sion study over the area by IKONGeoscience.
The study involved modeling of historic well
and seismic data using more modern technol-
ogy. The results suggest that the presence of
the Dragon gas-bearing reservoir sands may
be directly detectable from the 3D seismic data.
Revised mapping using these inverted seismic
data indicates that the gas accumulation may
extend further into Irish waters than had been
previously been mapped, with potential re-
sources of up to 300 bcf. Providence has started
additional reprocessing of the 3D seismic data
ahead of a planned appraisal well in 2012.
Black Sea survey completed
Melrose Resources has started acquisi-
tion of a 3D seismic survey on the Galata
exploration block in the Bulgarian sector of
the Black Sea. Around 500 sq km (193 sq mi)
of data will be acquired over the central part
of the concession which contains the Chaika
prospect, with estimated prospective resourc-
es of 80 bcf, and two other exploration leads.
The main focus of the Muridava acquisition
program will be Eocene and Cretaceous leads
and prospects in the same play as the existing
Olimpiskiyi discovery and Lebada oil felds.
3D survey pending offshore
Northwest Australia
TGS should be under way in acquiring
new 3D multi-client seismic data over the
Exmouth plateau in the Carnarvon basin
offshore Northwest Australia. The acreage
covers blocks WA-364-P, WA-365-P, and WA-
367-P. Completion is expected in 1Q 2012
and a fasttrack data volume is to be available
in 2Q 2012 with fnal data in 1Q 2013.
Elsewhere offshore Australia, Bengal En-
ergy is designing a 750-sq-km (290-sq-mi) 3D
program for late this year or early next in AC-P
47 off northern Australia. The area is 150 km
(93 mi) west of the Vulcan graben production.
Bengal also is reprocessing available
seismic data over its CY-OSN-2009/1 block
offshore India. Additional seismic data may
be collected between now and 1Q 2012 to ac-
celerate the drilling of an exploration well.
3D program fnished
offshore Bahamas
Bahamas Petroleum says the 3D data acqui-
sition phase of its seismic program offshore the
Commonwealth of the Bahamas is complete.
Acquired by CGGVeritas, the data is undergo-
ing processing by the same supplier. A fnal
total of 3,075 sq km (1,187 sq mi) was covered.
The area was extended during the acquisition
based on initial data quality. Bahamas Petro-
leum says the processing and interpretation of
the 3D data will refne and reinforce the conclu-
sions reached based on earlier 2D data and also
will help defne individual structures for further
screening prior to drilling.
Spectrum has released of 10,000 km (6,214 mi) of 2D multi-client seismic data over the Dreki/Jan
Mayen Ridge offshore the northeastern Iceland. The datasets are within the acreage scheduled by
the National Energy Authority of Iceland as part of the Second Licensing Round for hydrocarbon
exploration and production. The application deadline is April 2, 2012. The Spectrum datasets have
identified pre-Tertiary basalt sequences (possibly Mesozoic) and a number of seismic anomalies
indicating hydrocarbons may be present. All the elements of a potential working hydrocarbon
system have been identified within the area in both structural and stratigraphic play types. The
inset map traces 1,702 km (1,058 mi) of regional tie lines that link the Jan Mayen through the Lo-
foten basin toward the Barents Sea margin and the proven petroleum system of the North Voering
basin offshore Norway. The National Energy Authority of Iceland (NEA) has unveiled the second
round for hydrocarbon exploration and production licenses on the Icelandic continental shelf.
The blocks are in the Dreki area northeast of Iceland, and cover 42,700 sq km (16,486 sq mi).
Water depths are in the 800-2,000 m (2,625-6,562 ft). Dreki is part of the Jan Mayen ridge.
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________________________________
OFFSHORE AUTOMATI ON SOLUTI ONS
Ian Verhappen
Industrial Automation Networks Inc.
Alarms are the most common way to tell an operator about an
abnormal situation, and that is why they are such an important part
of a modern control system. Because control systems make alarms
so easy to confgure and the addition of an alarm has no direct cost,
alarms are often confgured and enabled by default. An offshore
platform may have 20,000 alarms a lot of data points to maintain.
Prior to the distributed control system (DCS), with the wall-
mounted instrument panel, an operator had around 50 light box
alarms for events requiring corrective action. Today, it is not un-
usual to see one operator console confgured with 3,500-plus alarms.
Each alarm is initiated by a feld device or combination of signals,
all of which require calibration and maintenance. If the feld device
is improperly maintained, the associated alarm will be unreliable
and can result in inaccurate alarms. The question then becomes one
of managing and maintaining sensitive/accurate hazard warnings
versus the tradeoffs of false alarms.
The practice of maintaining this balance is the science of Abnor-
mal Situation Management. The EEUMA 191 (http://www.eemua.
org) standard forms the basis for alarm and abnormal situation man-
agement best practices. The EEUMA defnition of the purpose of
an alarm system is to direct the operators attention towards plant
conditions requiring timely assessment or action.
The most basic guideline from the EEUMA and Abnormal Situation
Management consortium (http://www.asmconsortium.net/Pages/de-
fault.aspx) in determining if you have an alarming problem is if the rate
of alarms in frst 10 minutes following upset is more than 10/10 minutes
while average alarm rate during normal operations as per fgure below
should be less than one low priority alarm every 10 minutes.
Because DCS alarm problems take various forms, additional work
on alarm management and control system confguration is being
done by two ISA (www.isa.org) Standards committees: ISA S.18.02
Alarm Management for the Process Industries and ISA-106 Pro-
cedural Automation for Continuous Process Operations.
Some of the most prevalent alarm problems found on a DCS in-
clude the following.
Alarm foods. An operator gets hundreds of alarms within a few
minutes of a minor upset, and consequently misses detecting
critical alarms
High, continuous alarm rates. Rates are often far above an op-
erators ability to handle. In this case, hundreds to thousands of
alarms are ignored each week with no guarantee that the right
ones are ignored
Improperly suppressed alarms, without records or notifcations a risk
to operations.
Chattering and similar nuisance alarms make detection of valid
alarms more diffcult and therefore more likely to be missed. This
can make an upset condition worse and/or last longer
Stale or long-standing alarms that result from situations like these
clutter an operators view of the overall situation to make it more
diffcult to quickly and easily identify the root cause of the problem
or identify any new alarms.
Timely detection, assessment, and response to an alarm are criti-
cal to success in keeping a platform up and running.
Abnormal situations that impact production vary from minor up-
sets to full shutdowns. They can be caused by a number of factors,
including equipment failure, human error, and severe weather con-
ditions. These situations then impact proftability through reduced
product quality, diminished job satisfaction, lower product through-
put, increased equipment damage, higher personal injury rates, and
greater risk of loss of life. The result on production alone from unex-
pected events typically costs a facility 3 8% of capacity.
Production platforms and processing facilities are dynamic, wtih
multiple operating states requiring different alarm settings. Control
systems alarms are inherently designed to support a single operating
state and, therefore, become useless outside the normal steady state.
For optimum performance, alarm systems should be altered in real
time under certain defned, controlled conditions to support each op-
erating state. The need is expressed in three related functions:
Alarm shelving Inactivating an alarm for a period of time but
in such a way that you are reminded that it is not operational
State-based alarming Changing of alarm set points based on
the operating status of the facility such as start-up, shutdown,
etc.
Alarm food suppression Designing the alarm system so that
if one alarm is activated none of the related subsidiary alarms
annunciate. For example a pump failure alarm will suppress an
associated resulting low pressure alarm.
One example of an offshore platform typical alarm food candi-
date is the building air pressure monitor. Air conditioning maintains
pressurization in inhabited areas. This is an inherently noisy signal,
and it is complicated by doors opening and closing and wind direc-
tion changes. If the alarm is not confgured properly to differentiate
these from a true alarm (resulting from a sustained drop in pres-
sure), many spurious alarms will result. When something does hap-
pen, the alarm will be ignored. An alarm management system will
classify such an alarm as a bad actor and fag it for follow-up.
Compounding the alarm problem are false alarms such as the just
described air conditioning situation or false signals from fame or
gas detectors which pose dangers to workers and can be expensive
in production losses.
False alarms add their own brand of safety issues. Workers can be
injured as they respond to the false alarms. Conversely, if workers
hear enough false alarms, their response time might decrease. In
addition, false alarms cost time and money: lost production dollars,
lost work time for crews, and, of course, overtime pay for the folks
who get pulled from sleep at 3 a.m. to address the false-alarm call.
We will never eliminate abnormal situations, but that does not
mean we cannot make an effort to manage them. The tools and
practices, as well as the incentive to do so, are certainly there all it
takes is the will power to do so.
The author
Ian Verhappen, P. Eng., is an ISA Fellow, ISA Certifed Automation Professional,
and a recognized authority on Foundation Fieldbus and industrial communica-
tions technologies. Verhappen operates a global consultancy Industrial Automation
Networks Inc. specializing in feld level industrial communications, process analytics
and hydrocarbon facility automation.
Basic guideline put forward by the EEUMA and Abnormal Situation Man-
agement consortium.
Alarmed about abnormal situations
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TOP 5 PROJ ECTS
Nord Stream completes worlds
longest subsea pipeline
W
ith the completion of Line 1, developers of the 7.4-billion
($10-billion) Nord Stream pipeline project have realized
the ambitious goal of moving Russian gas to European
markets directly through the Baltic Sea.
First announced in 2001, the project called for con-
struction of two parallel 759-mi, 48-in. pipelines to move natural gas
from Vyborg, Russia, to Lubmin, near Greifswald, Germany. The
Nord Stream consortium includes Gazprom, Wintershall, E.ON
Ruhrgas, Gasunie, and GDF SUEZ.
In early November, the developers announced that Line 1 had become
operational, and that gas is now fowing to Lubmin, Germany, where
Nord Stream is connected to the European gas grid. Line 1 is expected to
be able to move up to 27.5 bcm (971 bcf) of gas on an annual basis.
Pipelay activities were completed on Line 1 in June, making Nord
Stream the longest subsea pipeline in the world, surpassing the re-
cently completed Ormen Lange gas pipeline (which runs about 725
mi, or 1,167 km, in the North Sea).
Construction of Nord Stream Line 2 is also progressing on sched-
ule, and some 600 km (373 mi) of this line have been installed to date.
Pipelay on this line is expected to be completed in 3Q 2012, and the
line is scheduled to become operational before the end of next year.
Building the frst Nord Stream pipeline was a major engineering
and construction accomplishment. Because it passes through the
waters of fve countries and could affect others, an extensive permit-
ting and consultation process had to be followed. The twin pipeline
system runs through the exclusive economic zones and territorial
waters of Russia, Finland, Sweden, Denmark, and Germany. The na-
tions of Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia
were designated as affected parties.
An important part of the process focused on pre-
serving safety and reducing environmental impact.
The consortium invested 100 million ($135.5 mil-
lion) and engaged in extensive dialogue and con-
sultations with governments, authorities, experts,
and stakeholders in all Baltic Sea states to ensure
that the design, routing, construction, and opera-
tion of the pipeline will be safe and environmentally
sound. The terrain along the route was carefully
researched and cleared in preparation for the pipe
laying, and Nord Stream was routed to keep clear of
munitions dump sites. Construction was scheduled
to avoid environmental impact and not interfere
with critical seal breeding and fsh spawning sea-
sons. With these concerns addressed, the required
permits were received in February 2010, and con-
struction of Line 1 began the following April.
Preliminary engineering design was performed
by INTEC Engineering (now INTECSEA); with
the detailed design engineering conducted by
Snamprogetti. Saipem and its subcontractor All-
seas carried out the offshore pipelaying activities.
A joint venture of Royal Boskalis Westminster, and
Tideway did the pre-lay seabed dredging work.
The line pipe was manufactured by EURO-
PIPE, OMK, and Sumitomo Heavy Industries,
with the concrete weight coating and logistics services provided by
EUPEC PipeCoatings S.A. For the concrete weight coating, new plants
were constructed in Mukran (Germany) and Kotka (Finland). Each
pipeline will be comprised of 100,000 12-m (39-ft) long concrete-weight
coated steel pipe joints, each weighing around 23 metric tons (25 tons).
For the construction period, Nord Stream created a logistics center
in Gotland (Sweden); and other interim stock yards were located in
Mukran, Kotka, Hanko (Finland), and Karlshamn (Sweden) to continu-
ously supply the concrete-coated pipe joints to the lay barges.
Since plans called for the pipeline to be laid in three sections, Saipem
organized three laybarge vessels, two with special requirements. Its
pipelay vessel Castoro Dieci, designed to operate in shallow waters,
worked in the Bay of Greifswald, Germany. It installed 28 km (17 mi) of
each of the twin pipelines, working from June to October 2010.
The Allseas Solitaire the biggest pipelay vessel in the world
installed a 342.5-km (212.8-mi) segment of each of the twin pipelines
offshore Finland, starting in September 2010 and completing in Au-
gust 2011. With its dynamic positioning system, the Solitaire was ide-
ally suited for working in the congested Gulf of Finland.
Saipems Castoro Sei installed about 70% of Line 1, some 853.5 km
(530.4 mi). It started work on Line 1 in April 2010, and fnished in
May 2011. It began work on Line 2 this past June, and is expected to
complete pipelay activities on Line 2 in 3Q 2012.
The fnal weld connecting the offshore and onshore parts of Line
1 was completed in August, and all three sections were joined using
underwater hyperbaric tie-ins. These tie-ins were conducted at two
locations. The connection of the Gulf of Finland and central sections
took place offshore Finland in a water depth of
80 m (262 ft). Linking of the central and south-
western sections was performed in 110 m (361
ft) of water off the Swedish island of Gotland.
Each tie-in was conducted in an underwater
welding habitat and remotely controlled from
the Technip DSV Skandi Arctic.
A key design element for Line 1 is that the sys-
tem will operate without an intermediate compres-
sor station, which will lower operational costs and
reduce CO
2
emissions. Gas travels the full 759 mi
distance thanks to the 220 bar pressure generated
at the Portovaya compressor station near Vyborg.
The pipeline has a constant internal diameter of
1,153 mm (approx. 45 in.), but the system was de-
signed to have three different design pressure sec-
tions (220, 200, and 177.5 bar) and pipe wall thick-
nesses (34.4, 30.9 and 26.8 mm; or 1.35, 1.21 and
1.055 in., respectively) corresponding to the gas
pressure drop over the long journey from Russia
to Germany. By designing each section according
to the changing pressures, Nord Stream was able
to save on the amount of steel used, and thus the
cost of the pipe.
When the second line is completed in 2012,
Nord Stream will have the capacity to move 55
bcm/yr (1,942 bcf/yr) to the European gas net-
work.
Bruce Beaubouef
Managing Editor
Saipems Castoro Dieci pipelay vessel
worked in the Bay of Greifswald, Germany,
from June to October 2010. Designed to oper-
ate in shallow waters, it installed 28 km (17
mi) of each of the twin pipelines in that area.
Photo courtesy Nord Stream.
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TOP 5 PROJ ECTS
Pazflor development relies on subsea
separation system handling four reservoirs
T
he Pazfor feld offshore Angola boasts
a number of frsts. Foremost among
them is that it is the frst-ever project
anywhere to deploy a development
plan based on gas/liquid separation at
the mudline spanning several reservoirs.
This technological innovation is what will
make it possible to produce the heavy, vis-
cous oil contained in three of the four res-
ervoirs in this gigantic development in the
Angolan deep offshore.
Pazfor, operated by French oil company
Total, lies 150 km (93 mi) off Luanda in
water depths ranging from 600 to 1,200 m
(1,968-3,937 ft) and has estimated proved
and probable reserves of 590 MMbbl. The
feld will gradually ramp up to its full produc-
tion capacity of 220,000 b/d over the coming
months.
Pazfors start-up, several weeks ahead of
schedule and within budget, is a remarkable
achievement of the teams involved, said
Yves-Louis Darricarrre, president of ex-
ploration and production at Total. The sup-
port and trust of Sonangol, our concession
holder and partner, also made an invaluable
contribution to our effciency.
Pazfor comprises a vast subsea gather-
ing network, the most complex ever built in
Angola, including 180 km (111.8 mi) of lines
tying in 49 subsea wells and 10,000 metric
tons of subsea equipment and the giant Paz-
for FPSO.
Held in position by 16 subsea mooring
connectors, the FPSO is the largest in the
world at 325 m (1,066 ft) long, 62 m (203
ft) wide and a weight of more than 120,000
metric tons. It can store up to 1.9 MMbbl
of oil that is then exported to tankers via an
offoading buoy. The associated gas is re-
injected into the reservoir, but could also be
exported to the Angola LNG plant once the
latter becomes operational.
The Pazfor FPSO was constructed in
South Korea by Daewoo Shipbuilding and
Marine Engineering (DSME), which was
contracted to provide the engineering, pro-
curement, and construction for the FPSO
vessels moorings, hull, and topsides. In
turn, Daewoo awarded KBR the contract to
provide topsides engineering, procurement,
and interface design services for the FPSO.
The FPSO has a topside weight of 35,494
metric tons. It is designed with a process-
ing capacity of 200,000 b/d of oil and 150
MMcf/d of gas. Facilities are planned for
a 20-year design life, and quarters are pro-
vided for 220 operation and maintenance
personnel. It began the 10,000-nautical-mile
(19,000 km; 12,000 mi) journey to Angola in
January, towed by three Fairmount Marine
tugs, and was moored and installed on ar-
rival.
A key technical challenge was producing
two very different grades of oil from four
separate reservoirs. Producing the heavy,
viscous oil from the three Miocene reser-
voirs, which account for two-thirds of the
reserves, and the related fow assurance
constraints, represented a major challenge.
The gas has to be separated from the liquids
on the seabed so that the viscous liquids can
then be pumped to the surface. The design
and installation of subsea gas/liquid separa-
tion units and pumps are a world frst on this
scale. The pumps were purpose designed
and tested for Pazfor.
Pazfors frst discovery the Perpetua
reservoir came in 2000. Acacia and Zinia
were discovered in 2002, followed by Hor-
tensia in 2003. Pazfor encompasses all four
reservoirs and covers an area of over 600 sq
km (231 sq mi).
Acacia contains light, good quality oil,
similar to that of Girassol. The Perpetua,
Zinia, and Hortensia reservoirs contain
heavier, more viscous oil, making them
more diffcult to produce. Total decided to
combine the production of these two very
different oils, in keeping with its ongoing
aim of optimizing the production of deep off-
shore resources. The choice called for two
different subsea production systems tied
into a single FPSO.
For the three Miocene reservoirs contain-
ing heavy oil, the gas is separated from the
oil and water on the seabed. Once separated,
the oil and water are forced to the surface
using pumps designed for Pazfor, also in-
stalled on the seabed. The lighter gas rises
naturally to the FPSO. The subsea modules
are critical to production and are designed
to operate for a 20-year period.
FMC Technologies supplied the three
subsea separation systems. FMC also sup-
plied the felds 49 subsea trees (25 produc-
tion, 22 water-injection and two gas-injection
trees) and 49 wellhead systems. In addi-
tion, the company provided three four-slot
production manifold systems, a production
control and umbilical distribution system,
gas export and fowline connection systems,
ROV tooling, and local support for installa-
tion and start-up activities.
Total awarded a $1.1-billion contract for
subsea work to a consortium led by Technip
and including Acergy. Technip was respon-
sible for engineering, procurement, fabrica-
tion, and installation of more than 80 km (50
mi) of production and water injection rigid
fowlines, fexible risers, and integrated pro-
duction bundle risers, plus engineering, pro-
curement, and fabrication of 60 km (37 mi)
of umbilicals. Installation was by Technips
vessels Deep Blue and Deep Pioneer.
Acergy was responsible for engineering,
procurement, fabrication, and installation of
55 km (34 mi) of water injection, gas injec-
tion, and gas export lines, umbilicals, and 20
rigid jumpers.
Eldon Ball
Senior Editor
Technology & Economics
Pazfor by the numbers
150 km (93 mi) offshore, comprises
four reservoirs covering 600 sq km
(231 sq mi)
600 to 1,200 m water depth
FPSO is 325 m (1,066 ft) long, 62 m
(203 ft) wide
Living quarters for 140 people
Production plateau of 220,000 b/d
Two subsea production systems
encompass 49 wells (25 producers, 22
water injectors and two gas injectors)
and three subsea separation units
connected to six pumps
180 km (111.8 mi) of pipeline
60 km (37 mi) of umbilicals
The Pazflor FPSO is the largest in the world at
325 m (1,066 ft) long, 62 m (203 ft) wide and a
weight of more than 120,000 metric tons.
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Fugros Geotechnical division provides the
integration of high-resolution geophysical survey
information with geotechnical borings and in-situ
soil data.
And, Fugros Survey Division provides precise
positioning, survey support and monitoring, including
tow-out and pre-fabricated pipeline deepwater services;
hazard and pipeline/cable route surveys; construction
support; metocean studies; and subsea services.
When youre looking for an integrated deepwater
programCount on Fugro.
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TOP 5 PROJ ECTS
Karan marks first-ever non-associated
gas project offshore Saudi Arabia
Production to reach 1.8 bcf/d at full fow
S
tartup of Saudi Aramcos $8-billion
Karan gas feld project offshore Saudi
Arabia is signifcant because it marks
the frst-ever non-associated gas de-
velopment project in the country.
At this point, fve wells are fowing 120
MMcf/d on the way to a design capacity of
1.8 bcf/d by 2013. The feld produces gas via
a 110 km (68 mi) long subsea pipeline to the
onshore Khursaniyah process facility. Plans
call for approximately 20 total wells spread
over four production platforms that tie in to a
main platform with associated electrical pow-
er, communications, and remote monitoring
and controls.
Karan originally was to target a production
rate of 1 bcf/d at the initial workup in 2007.
Subsequently, the target production was in-
creased to 1.5 bcf/d and then again to todays
1.8 bcf/d. Even with this 80% increase, the
project schedule was decreased by a year in
order to meet rising in-country demand for
natural gas.
Karan is designed to increase sales gas
production capacity when linked to the Saudi
Master Gas System and to provide fuel and
feedstock to the petrochemical industries.
The discovery well, Karan-6 drilled in 2006,
struck gas in Permian and Triassic carbonate
sequences of the Khuff formation. With gross
thickness of 1,000 ft (305 m), this is the thick-
est Khuff reservoir found to date in Saudi Ara-
bia. The formation depth ranges from 10,500
ft to 13,700 ft (3,200 m to 4,176 m). Karan is in
40-60 m (131-197 m) water depth.
The offshore work at Karan is under a
$1.2-billion contract awarded to J. Ray McDer-
mott S.A. McDermott won the turnkey con-
tract that included manufacturing and install-
ing four wellhead platforms, each with gas,
chemical injection, and controls facilities as
well as a bridge-connected auxiliary platform,
associated fare bridges and stacks, and con-
struction of the 110-km subsea pipeline.
The fabrication scope included topsides
and jackets weighing a total of 27,000 met-
ric tons (29,762 tons) and used J. Rays new
cladding facility in Jebel Ali.
As part of that agreement, McDermott
also will work on the procurement, fabrica-
tion, and installation in the Berri oil feld and
support structure for Karan.
The offshore work contract includes 120 km
(75 mi) of 40-in feld
gas pipeline in addi-
tion to the 100 km 36-
in pipeline to shore. McDermott was assigned
the two fare structures with bridge, three gas
handling platforms, and the wellhead platforms.
In 1Q 2009, Aramco awarded the onshore
EPC contracts to Hyundai Engineering &
Construction and to Petrofac. Hyundai is
responsible for the six gas processing trains
at Khursaniya, consisting of gas handling,
sweetening, acid gas enrichment, gas de-
hydration, and propane refrigeration. Petro-
facs contract covers the utilities and cogen-
eration facilities which includes 47 km (29
mi) of sales gas pipeline and upgrade of the
plant electrical system and support facilities.
Getting to the point of construction and then
startup took some turns and re-starts. In early
2009, Aramco reduced by $2 billion the total
available to develop the feld. This followed re-
submission of bids from frms for the main EPC
packages. Saudi Aramco wanted to spend less
because oil and commodity prices had fallen
and there was greater competition among con-
tractors in a slowing work environment. Shortly
thereafter, Saudi Aramco also eased the terms
and conditions for contractors in a bid to reduce
construction costs on Karan.
Gene Kliewer
Technology Editor, Subsea & Seismic
(Left) Setting platform topsides at Karan field.
(Below) Platform base set and awaiting topsides installation.
Karan Project Summary
Project Name: Karan Gas Field Development
Name of Operator: Saudi Aramco - Saudi Arabian Oil Co.
Budget: $8 billion through to completion
Main Contractors: GS Engineering, J Ray McDermott , Petrofac, Hyundai Engineering
Location: Khursaniyah, Eastern Province
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TOP 5 PROJ ECTS
Peregrino producing heavy oil
for Statoil offshore Brazil
Nick Terdre
Contributing Editor
T
he achievement of frst oil from the Peregrino heavy-oil feld
in Brazil in April marked a major milestone for Statoil, the
operator. It is the frst feld to be brought onstream by the
company in Brazil and its largest operated feld outside Nor-
way. And by bringing Peregrinos 14API crude to the sur-
face, Statoil provided convincing testimony of its heavy oil expertise.
Lying in a water depth of 100-120 m (330 to 390 ft) in the Campos
basin, some 85 km (53 mi) from shore, Peregrino was developed
with two wellhead/drilling platforms which deliver production to an
FPSO for processing and storage. First oil was achieved through a
single well, but within a year production is due to ramp up to a peak
of some 100,000 b/d.
The FPSO, Maersk Peregrino, is supplied and operated under a 15-year
lease, with options for a further 15 years, by Maersk FPSOs. Converted
from a newbuild VLCC tanker at the Keppel FELS yard in Singapore,
it has 1.6 MMbbl storage capacity, production capacity of 100,000 b/d
of oil and 7.3 MMcf/d of gas, and liquids-handling capacity of 350,000
b/d. The 15 modules which constitute the topsides weigh 12,500 metric
tonnes (13,779 tons) and there is accommodation for 100 personnel.
The topside process modules were delivered by J. Ray McDermott.
The vessel is moored to a submerged turret production system
provided by APL, which is held in place by 10 chain-and-wire moor-
ing lines attached to 90-metric tonne (99 ton) piles. The mooring was
performed by Aker Marine Contractors.
The two wellhead platforms were constructed at Kiewits Cor-
The Peregrino layout: Two wellhead platforms tied back to an FPSO. (Im-
age courtesy of Statoil)
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_________
Delmar engineered the complete mooring
system for the LLOG OPTI-EX oating
production facility.
Anchor/mooring system design
quipment procurement
Fabrication oversight
quipment marshaIIing and storage
Certication/reguIatory assistance
InstaIIation engineering
InstaIIation services
Let Delmars 42 years of experience work for
your next mooring project!
Delmar engineered the complete mooring
The Strength of Experience...
Complete Mooring Solutions
DELMAR
DELMAR SYSTEMS, INC.
Operations and Headquarters
8114 West Highway 90
Broussard, Louisiana USA 70518
Tel: +1 337.365.0180
Fax: +1 337.365.0037
Technical and Engineering
2424 Wilcrest Dr., Suite 225
Houston, Texas USA 77042
Tel: +1 832.252.7100
Fax: +1 832.252.7140
Delmar North Sea Ltd.
Aberdeen, Scotland
Delmar Sistemas de Ancoragem, Ltda.
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Delmar Systems, Pty. Ltd.
Perth, Australia
www.delmarus.com
TOP 5 PROJ ECTS
pus Christi, Texas, yard. Each has a topsides of about 8,200 metric
tonnes (9,039 tons) dry weight supported by a 6,700-metric tonne
(7,385-ton) jacket. The platforms were installed by Heerema Marine
Contractors crane-barge Hermod. Operations, maintenance, and
modifcation services are provided by Wood Group.
Each wellhead platform connects to the FPSO by two oil produc-
tion pipelines and an injection water pipeline, while two power and
signal cables also run from the FPSO to each platform. Pipelay and
cable-lay was performed by Subsea 7.
In the frst phase, 37 wells are planned, consisting of 30 horizontal
producers and seven water injectors. With its rather unconsolidated
sands and thin oil-bearing sections, the reservoir represents a chal-
lenge to drill, which is being done by Archer. But the achievements
are already being recorded, including the longest horizontal open-
hole gravel-packed section ever drilled in Brazil 1,300 m (approx.
4,200 ft) and future plans call for even longer sections
Electric submersible pumps are installed downhole in each pro-
duction well to boost the wellstream fow to the surface. On arrival
on the FPSO, the crude is heated to 130-150C to facilitate process-
ing, and the stabilized oil is stored at 65-70C.
Next year, Statoil plans to start implementing IOR (increased oil
recovery). The frst of these is multi-lateral wells, which the compa-
ny is familiar with due to its extensive use of them on the Norwegian
continental shelf. However, the Peregrino multi-laterals will be the
frst such wells in Brazil.
Polymer fooding of the reservoir will also be implemented, to
improve the effect of water sweep. This is a proven technique on
onshore felds, and in 2010 Statoil ran a successful pilot on the Heid-
run feld in Norway. The third IOR measure is a smart tool known
as the autonomous infow control device (AICD), a version of which
Statoil has patented. Installed as part of the well completion, the
AICD is able to distinguish between high-viscosity heavy oil, which
is allowed to pass into the well-bore, and low-viscosity water and gas,
which is kept out.
Hydro bought into Peregrino in 2005; and then StatoilHydro, as
the company came to be known, bought Anardarkos stake in 2008,
becoming the sole licensee and operator.
By applying its heavy oil expertise, Statoil reckons it will achieve
base-case recovery of 20% of the estimated 2.3MMbbl of in-place re-
serves, more or less double what previous owners were envisaging.
Recoverable reserves are estimated at 300-600MMbbl. There are
several reasons why it has not yet been possible to establish more
exact estimates. The main reservoir which is being developed in the
current phase extends over an area of 535 sq km. In the reservoir
itself, the thickness and distribution of the sand bodies is uncertain,
and some parts are below seismic resolution, so that reliable data
will only become available when they are drilled.
Further development looks likely following the discovery of ad-
ditional reserves. To a 2007 fnd on the Peregrino South-West pros-
pect, Statoil in April added a promising strike with the Peregrino
South exploration well, which discovered a gross 130-m (427-ft) oil
column. Appraisal drilling will show if these are commercial.
Further potential has also been identifed in the carbonate Macae
formation of the main feld, which does not form part of the present
development. Statoil plans to carry out a long-term production test
in the Macae to establish whether it should be brought into perma-
nent production.
In 2010, Statoil took on a partner, Sinochem, to which it agreed
to sell a 40% interest in the feld for $3.1 billion. The deal was com-
pleted just after start-up.
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TOP 5 PROJ ECTS
Who Dat initiates production in GoM
in post-Macondo era
LLOG project features frst-ever use of a privately owned FPU
L
LOG Exploration Co. L.L.C., operator of
the deepwater Who Dat oil and gas feld
in the Gulf of Mexico, expects produc-
tion before year-end, making it the frst
foating production unit (FPU) in the
Gulf of Mexico in the post-Macondo era.
Discovered in December 2007, Who Dat
lies beneath an average water depth of 3,200
ft (975 m) in Mississippi Canyon blocks
503, 504, and 547. The feld, named after
the chant delivered passionately by fans of
the New Orleans Saints National Football
League team, exhibits 10 stacked reservoirs
located at 10,000-17,000 ft (3,048-5,182 m) in
Pliocene and Upper Miocene zones.
Three wells two in MC 503 and one in
MC 547 have been completed, with 10 more
infll wells to be drilled and completed in the
coming months using the Noble Amos Runner
semisubmersible rig. Combined, the three
completed wells penetrated seven of the felds
10 horizons and were completed in mainly oil
zones, testing 17 to 26 API crudes with gas/
oil ratios (GOR) ranging from 400 to 1,300.
Reservoir pressures vary from 6,000 to 12,500
psi, and fow tests indicated an open fow of
10,000 b/d of oil and 60 MMcf/d of non-asso-
ciated natural gas for the three wells alone.
Notable achievements for the Who Dat feld
also include the frst use of the OPTI-EX design;
the frst use of an FPU built on spec; and the
frst use of a privately owned FPU in the world.
LLOG Exploration, based in Covington, Loui-
siana, believes the feld holds 300 MMboe.
LLOG managed to cut at least four years
off its timeline for bringing frst oil and gas
production to market from Who Dat by team-
ing with Exmar Offshore Co. to use the semi-
submersible production platform. Based in
Houston, Exmars confdence in the suitabil-
ity of their proprietary OPTI-EX design FPU
for the deepwater Gulf of Mexico enabled
them to build one without a contract the
frst such semisubmersible FPU in the indus-
trys history to be built on spec.
The OPTI-EX transaction, in which LLOG
purchased the semi-based FPU outright for
more than $400 million, payable over 62
months, resulted in what is thought to be
the frst privately owned FPU in the world.
Whats more, because the OPTI-EX design
met the suitability and safety rules posed
by U.S. Gulf of Mexico regulators, it was
the frst deepwater FPU to be given the go-
ahead by the U.S. Coast Guard, BOEMRE,
and other government entities to be installed
in the Gulf since the April 2010 Macondo in-
cident. The OPTI-EX was moored in MC 547
without incident in mid-July, less than a year
after LLOG purchased the system.
According to Exmar, the OPTI-EXs deep-
draft ring pontoon hull has improved motion
response in a range of extreme sea states,
allowing it to be installed on one of the most
onerous areas of the Gulf. The ring pontoon
and large ballast capacity also allow for in-
stallation of a large number of production
and export risers without any internal hull
modifcation.
As built and equipped, the LLOG FPU
has a liquid-handling capacity of 60,000 b/d,
including facilities for handling up to an ad-
ditional 40,000 b/d of water. The units gas
dehydration capacity is up to 150 MMcf/d.
According to Nicolas Saverys, Exmar
Group CEO, the Exmar teams second big
achievement was matching the hull, fabricat-
ed at the Samsung yard in South Korea, with
the topsides, fabricated at the Kiewit Off-
shore Services shipyard in Ingleside, Texas.
The LLOG exploration team, most with
years of both shelf and deepwater experience
with other companies, has taken advantage
of both their combined experience and of
the companys $150-200 million inventory of
seismic data that covers virtually the entire
Gulf. With access to its volume of the detailed
geophysical and geological information, the
LLOG exploration team has generated more
than 300 prospects in the Gulf, with a nearly
70% success rate.
Broussard, Louisiana-based mooring con-
tractor Delmar Systems Inc. completed preset
mooring systems installation and facility con-
nection operations for the Mississippi Canyon
547 A foating production facility in August.
Delmar provided project engineering for
anchor/mooring system design, fabrication
oversight, installation engineering, operation
procedures, and installation services for the
facility. In addition, Delmar says it procured,
marshaled, and stored the 12-leg suction an-
chor, chain, polyester, chain mooring system
at Delmars 11-acre Fourchon dockside facil-
ity. The mooring legs were connected to the
pre-installed suction anchors using Delmars
patented subsea mooring connector.
Once on location, Delmar connected the
preset moorings using two conventional AHVs
(anchor handling vessels) and supported by a
feld ROV support vessel. Facility connections
were completed in seven days.
Various subcontractors are engaged in
hooking it up to the Who Dat seafoor layout,
which features two well centers, A and E,
in MC 503. Designed by Pinnacle Engineer-
ing, both well centers are about 12 mi (19
km) from the FPU, with dual 6-in., round-trip
piggable insulated fowlines connecting them
to the FPU. One well center features two four-
slot manifolds connected in series to allow for
tiebacks from eight wells. A single four-slot
manifold services the other well center. All
well center fowlines, as well as both oil and
gas export pipelines, are connected by fex-
ible risers to the OPTI-EX.
A 5,000-ft (1,524 m), 11.5-in. fexible riser
from the OPTI-EX connects to a 19-mile (31-
km), 14-in. heavy wall thickness oil export
pipeline that ties into Shells Mars pipeline
system. For gas export, the OPTI-EX is con-
nected via a 9.5-in. fexible riser to a 17-mile
(27-km), 10-in. pipeline connecting to the
Independence Trail pipeline, operated by
Enterprise Field Services.
Jessica Tippee
Assistant Editor
Moored in MC 547, LLOG Explorations Who Dat
field semisubmersible production unit, OPTI-EX,
has 60,000-b/d, 150-MMcf/d oil and gas handling
capacity. Photo courtesy LLOG.
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www.llog.com
TALENTED PEOPLE | QUALITY ASSETS | CONTINUING SUCCESS
LLOG EXPLORATION IS PROUD TO BE NAMED A RECIPIENT
OF ONE OF THE TOP 5 OFFSHORE PROJECTS FOR 2011
PROJECT FIRSTS
GOM FPS INSTALLED POST-MACONDO
USE OF OPTI-EX FPS DESIGN
FPS BUILT ON SPEC
CONCEPT SELECTION TO INSTALLATION IN LESS THAN ONE YEAR
PRIVATELY OWNED FPS
Who Dat
Mississippi Canyon
OPTI-EX FPS
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19,892
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GALVESTON, TEXAS USA
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GALVESTON, TX - USA
h0VO-8,2012
ABUJA, NIGERIA
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JAh81-FEB2,2012
Contacts:
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narkp@pennwell.con
Tel+1.718.9O8.O2O0
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davidd@pennwell.con
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www.offshore-nag.con www.deepoffshoretechnolog].con www.suoseatieoackforun.con www.topsidesevent.con
UNPARALLELED ACCESS TO THE WORLD
Pennwells0ffshore0roup
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OFFSHORE WEST AFRI CA
Detailed study leads Repsol
to offshore West Africa
D
ramatic changes in the global econo-
my, and specifcally the oil and gas in-
dustry, have led to a greater interest
in development of new upstream re-
sources. As a result of many of these
sweeping changes, Repsol chose to pursue a
greater presence in the West African region
throughout 2011.
At the beginning of 2003, the majority of
exploration and production news out of Africa
was concerned with the competition between
oil and gas majors and their ability to expand
their asset portfolios in deepwater offshore
areas. This drive focused initially on Nigeria
and Angola, and then came renewed interest
in countries such as Gabon and Congo, plac-
es considered newly mature for exploration.
The discovery of large deposits in deepwater
offshore from Mauritania seemed to indicate
the emergence of a new oil province in the
African-Atlantic margin.
Repsol needed to fnd new reserves to
replace its maturing felds, especially those
in Argentina. For Repsol, the inherent dif-
fculty in fnding replacement resources for
its Argentinian felds was the need to fnd
an innovative strategy to avoid competing
fnancially with other oil and gas majors, yet
not compromise production.
Repsol approached this new challenge by
posing two questions:
What would be the new hot area for ex-
ploration?
Which markets would be the least com-
petitive to enter while also providing
the greatest potential for oil?
For Repsol, the answers were found using
documented evidentiary research.
First, Repsol began to build an extensive
seismic database spanning tens of thousands
of kilometers covering the Atlantic region
of Africa, from Ceuta to Cape Town. This
database then was cross referenced with
hundreds of potential wells. After more than
a year of painstaking work, the West Africa
New Venture Department began to highlight
some promising areas for further study.
These results helped push Repsol in the
right direction, but they also highlighted a
pressing problem: The data presented tech-
nical risks and from the initial impressions,
the possibility of success seemed unlikely.
Although the data were discouraging,
Repsol did have valuable experience with
risky, ultra-deep offshore extraction. The
company already was looking into promis-
ing but risky locations in the Brazilian ultra-
deep offshore margin. The true challenge
was to balance the need for greater explora-
tion and development without overstretch-
ing Repsols capabilities.
Repsol realized it needed to introduce an-
other parameter to its screening of potential
opportunities. Specifcally, this meant ex-
ploring and understanding the types of con-
tracts Repsol was eligible to sign in order to
begin exploratory work. Economists from
the planning department joined the project
in an attempt to identify specifc areas where
contractual terms would allow the company
to maximize its rewards if successful but to
mitigate the impact of unavoidable failures.
With the remaining selection of deep off-
shore basins, Repsol ultimately decided the
most intriguing were those between Benin
and Senegal. In part, these areas revealed
a much greater potential than some oth-
ers. Most importantly, however, the area
between Benin and Senegal was chosen be-
cause there were no other oil majors operat-
ing within that area. This allowed Repsol to
balance its opportunities with the potential
downside risks that direct competition with
other oil majors would bring.
During the frst half of the 20th century,
many areas offshore West Africa already
were explored extensively, beginning with
the frst discoveries along the coast of Nige-
ria. This exploration was successful in the
Tertiary and Mesozoic series; specifcally,
successful opportunities were identifed in
the passive regions characterized by active
salt tectonics (as existed in Angola, Congo,
and Gabon) and in the Tertiary series of pas-
sive regions associated with the development
of large deltaic systems (which was the case
in Nigeria, Cameroon, and Equatorial Guin-
ea, in addition to the Congo and Angola).
However, the Equatorial Atlantic region be-
tween Benin and Senegal, which is connected
to the transfer zone between the northward
propagating tip of the South Atlantic and the
southward propagating tip of the Central At-
lantic, had been explored for several decades
with disappointing results. In fact, the Lower
Cretaceous region showed poor reservoir
properties and the quantities of hydrocar-
bons discovered were extraordinarily small.
The Baobab feld, discovered in Ivorian
deep water in 2002, was a notable exception.
Seismic data showed Canadian Natural Re-
sources had drilled the largest structure ly-
Stefano Mora
Roger Baudino
Repsol
The West Africa margin area investigated by Repsol.
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The Offshore Pioneers
will be inducted into the
Offshore Energy Centers
Hall of Fame
in September of 2012
Call For Nominations
of Offshore Pioneers
For the 2012 Hall of Fame
recognizes important achievements of individuals
who are recognized leaders in the offshore energy
industry.
recognizes important technologies by individuals,
companies, organizations or institutions.
To receive a nominating package, please contact the
Offshore Energy Center at 281.679.8040,
email oec@oceanstaroec.com or log on to
www.oceanstaroec.com and download the forms.
Hugh Elkins - Chairman, Hall of Fame Committee
Technology Pioneers Award
Industry Pioneers Award
is currently calling for nominations of Industry
Pioneers and Pioneering Technologies for induction
into the Hall of Fame. For 2012, the committee would
like to place an emphasis on receiving nominations for
the individuals who formed some of the foundations
for the offshore industry's technology and/or were
corporate leaders, preferably before 1985 including
overseas developments.
The Offshore Energy Center
Help us honor those
that made our industry
what it is today.
Nominations Close
December 31, 2011
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Visit us at
Work Boat Show
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ing along the equatorial margin.
In other words, the discoveries in the margin exhibited relatively
poor reservoirs, small structural closures, and undefned source
rocks. The seismic data interpretation showed a relative abundance
of well developed turbiditic systems across all of the mid- and upper-
Cretaceous section. The main trapping mechanism was, of course,
stratigraphic, but seal and pressure studies demonstrated the shales
were able to seal relatively large columns of hydrocarbons.
The other main uncertainties included reservoir quality (espe-
cially permeability), and the effects of source rocks and migration.
Although Baobab-1 illustrated that a working petroleum system
could exist, a deeper understanding of the stratigraphic position and
the typology of source rocks was crucial to defning an exploration
strategy. As a result, it was important to ascertain whether all com-
ponents of the existing petroleum system were operating effciently,
including source rocks, reservoirs, seals, and traps, in order to gen-
erate and contain suffcient volumes of oil.
A basin modeling exercise was performed to better assess the pe-
troleum system in this area. Thermal and maturity data for calibration
were, as usual, scarce in such a frontier area. Thermal gradient fnd-
ings showed a variation between 31 and 36 C/km (88 and 97 F/0.6
mi). While illuminating, these fndings could not be used as a con-
stant. The largely unexplored environment required Repsol to apply
its understanding of global dynamics by analyzing plate tectonics and
earth structure. Indeed, the regional nature of a rift basin evolving
into a passive margin implies huge variations of the thermal gradient
through space and time. Ultimately, Repsol decided to apply a heat
fow at the base of the sediment which helped clarify these variations.
Closer to the coastline, on a stable non-stretched continental
crust, temperature and maturity data could be calibrated using a
constant heat fow over time. However, the ability to maintain con-
stant heat fow became impossible. Instead, a rifting heat fow was
applied, characterized by a peak during stretching and a progressive
cooling in line with the existing McKenzie and Royden models.
The fndings concluded that large areas of several source inter-
vals actually had suffcient maturity to generate gas, as well as large
volumes of oil, around the Equatorial West African margin.
From the seismic stratigraphy interpretation and attribute analy-
sis, Repsol mapped the sedimentary assemblage of the turbiditic
systems. The results showed several interesting prospects. Howev-
An example of 3D geochemical modeling, showing the levels of maturities
along the transform Atlantic margin of Equatorial Africa.
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er, the study of subsurface analogues showed that at similar depths
for the same reservoir facies, the porosity values could vary from 3%
to 25% due to diagenetic processes.
These results revealed the greatest uncertainty about this project:
Repsol was confdent regarding the presence of oil, but less so about
whether the reservoirs were adequate.
Repsol then attempted to model the diagenetic processes fol-
lowing a detailed petrologic study coupled with temperature and
fuid-fow information produced by the petroleum system model. Al-
though this improved the understanding of diagenetic alteration, it
did not develop any predictive results.
Uncertainty remained. Repsol could not adequately predict the
quality of the reservoir nor assess its ability to store and produce
liquid hydrocarbons. This is not uncommon when diagenetic pro-
cesses are concerned, especially since they are controlled by many
factors that can vary greatly even over small distances (compactions,
grain size, grain composition, type of circulating fuids, hydrother-
mal events, volcanic events, etc.).
It is rare, however, for an oil company not to drill when it believes
a reservoir exists.
Although oil companies ought to make decisions based on the high-
est standards and analytic techniques, this case study illustrates that
some parameters always remain beyond control. The gap between what
explorers can control and what they can actually analyze explains why
many oil companies take a leap of faith to pursue an aggressive explora-
tion strategy. It is this strategy that leads to innovative methods of explo-
ration and the discovery of new sources of oil previously out of reach.
How do an aggressive exploration strategy and a rigorous techni-
cal analysis help to build new sources for consistent future develop-
ment?
In 2004, the maps of concessions in the Equatorial Atlantic margin
offshore of Africa show Repsol as the only oil major holding explora-
tion permits. Woodside also held a block in Liberia, but a majority of
the area was dominated by small African frms and a handful of other
small companies focused entirely on exploration.
How and why did this change?
Repsols exploration strategy acted as a catalyst, triggering the in-
dustrys shift to focus on offshore West Africa. The latest update of
oil and gas maps of West Equatorial Africa shows that Kosmos and
its partners have produced the frst oil from Jubilee, while Repsol
and its partners have made the Venus and Mercury discoveries. In
other words, these maps show that oil majors now have a signifcant
presence in the region, and have several appraisal and exploration
wells planned for the next few years.
The systemic uncertainties involved with oil and gas exploration,
especially in deepwater offshore, can make explorers unsure of
their strategies. However, pioneering exploration coupled with risk
mitigating geological analyses can help minimize the uncertainty in-
volved with attempting to explore and cultivate new sources of oil.
The authors
Stefano Mora serves as new venture manager for Africa at Repsol.
He joined the company in 2007. Previously, Mora spent nearly
15 years at Total. His oil and gas industry experience is in basin
analysis and his main research interests include tectonics and
sedimentation, seismic and basin modelization. He received his
MSc and PhD from Parma University, Italy.
Roger Baudino is a senior exploration geologist and works as a se-
nior advisor in the geology disciplines group at Repsol. He has a PhD
in sedimentary basins geodynamics and structural geology from the
University of Pau (France). He has been involved in numerous proj-
ects around the world, mainly in Latin America. He joined Repsol-
YPF in 2003. He earned a BSc from Nice University (France), and
both a MSc and PhD from Pau University (France).
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______________________________
Offshore West Africa returns to Nigeria
This years theme is Deepwater Technologies for West Africa
O
ffshore West Africa, the regions premier technical forum
focused exclusively on West Africas offshore oil and gas in-
dustry is scheduled for Jan. 24-26, 2012, at the International
Conference Centre in Abuja, Nigeria.
The Offshore West Africa Conference and Exhibition pro-
vides an annual forum that addresses the technical, environmental,
and business challenges associated with the oil and gas exploration
and production industry within West Africa. With the full support of
the Nigerian National Petroleum Corp. (NNPC), the conference pro-
vides a unique networking opportunity for attendees to share tech-
nology and address issues with experts in their respective felds.
For the 16th edition, the conference program will consist of two
and one-half days of two concurrent tracks of technical sessions.
The sessions will focus on topics such as subsea technology, well
construction and drilling operations, feld development, foating
production, fowlines and pipelines, geosciences, and local content,
based around the conference theme of Deepwater Technologies for
West Africa.
The conference and exhibition offcially opens on Tuesday, Jan.
24. Nigerias distinguished Honorable Minister of Petroleum Re-
sources Mrs. Diezani Alison-Madueke has been invited to deliver
the keynote address.
Formatted as an extension to the opening plenary, an Operators
Perspectives session comprises senior managers from some of the
top international operating companies in the region. Among those
invited to participate include BP, Shell, ExxonMobil, Tullow Oil, and
Total.
Tuesday Sessions
Session 1 begins at 17:00.
Track 1, Local Content 1, will be chaired by Nosa Omorodion,
Schlumberger; and Simbi Wabote, SNEPCo (invited).
Presentations include:
Boosting Participation of Indigenous Firms in Drilling and
Completion for Nigerian Deepwater Development: USAN Deep-
water Development Experience, Eng. Jude Atebe, TOTAL E&P
Building Local Capability: SNEPCO Deepwater Pipelines Sys-
tems, Engr. Daniel Adebola, SNEPCo.
Track 2, Subsea Technology 1, will be chaired by Monday Ota-
bor, Addax Petroleum (invited); and Philippe Bonneau, Technip.
Wet Park of Subsea Well Jumpers, Chiwuike Amaechi, SNEPCo.
Autonomous Shutdown Valve for Subsea PLEM Valves, Brian
Ennever, Paladon Systems.
Wednesday sessions
Track 1, Well Construction and Drilling Operations 1, will be
chaired by James Ibe, Mobil Producing Nigeria, subsidiary of Exx-
onMobil; and Anthony Abolarin, Total E&P Nigeria.
Systematic Approach Used to Optimize Frac-Pack Completions
in Multilayer and Low Stress Contrast Environment Encoun-
tered in the Usan Field, Martin Prada, Chevron
Deepwater Intelligent Well Completion: Case Study of an In-
New awards program
Offshore West Africa has announced the inclusion of the
Offshore West Africa Awards within the 2012 conference and
exhibition.
The Offshore West Africa 2012 Awards include individual,
corporate, technology and academia awards, and will be pre-
sented at Offshore West Africa on the final day of the confer-
ence and exhibition. Winners will also be announced on the
Offshore West Africa website and within Offshore magazine.
The Academia Award is for individuals or institutions
within academia who have contributed to the offshore indus-
try, by providing solutions, reports, case studies, and techno-
logical advancements within West Africa.
For the Corporate Award, the company must demonstrate
a unique or significant achievement in West Africa. Categories
include, but are not limited to, services related to the design,
construction, and installation of drilling and production facili-
ties and equipment; project execution; leadership; community
service; development of young professionals; resolution of
challenges; and special consideration to health, safety, and
environment.
The Individual Award is one where a candidate must
demonstrate a unique or significant achievement in West
Africa. Categories include, but are not limited to, services
related to the design, construction, and installation of drilling
and production facilities and equipment; project execution;
leadership; community service; development of young profes-
sionals; resolution of challenges; and special consideration to
health, safety, and environment.
The Technology Award will be judged in four main areas.
These include well construction and drilling operations,
subsea technology, floating production systems, and flowlines
and pipelines. To be considered for this award, the nominated
technology must meet four key criteria, which are that it must
be new and innovative, proven, health, safety and environ-
mentally conscious, and must be relevant to the West African
region.
OWA 2011 in Accra, Ghana, attracted more than 1,100 attendees from 37
countries.
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stallation Failure in Usan Project, Unwana Bassey, Total E&P
Nigeria.
Track 2, Field Development 1, will be chaired by Francis Alabo
Ogaree, Nigerian National Petroleum Corp.; and Leonard Quarcoo-
pome, Tullow Oil Ghana Ltd.
Mitigating Development Risks in Deepwater Projects Through
Production, Engr. O. J. Okwudiri Uzoh, SNEPCo.
The Failure and the Emergency Repair of an FPSO Mooring
System, Omotunde Akinwale, SNEPCo.
Track 1, Geosciences, will be chaired by Engr. I. G. Okafor, Ni-
gerian Petroleum Development Co. (invited); and James Ibe, Mobil
Producing Nigeria, subsidiary of ExxonMobil.
Integrated Reservoir Modeling of Bonga SouthWest/Aparo 692
Reservoir, Peter Obidike, SNEPCo.
Multi-Resolution Analysis of Seismic Data Using Continuous
Wavelet Transforms: A Case Study from Niger Delta Nigeria,
Dr. Adekunle Abraham Adepelumi, Obafemi Awolowo Univer-
sity.
Track 2, Subsea Technology 2, will be chaired by Theo Ahwi-
reng, Ghana National Petroleum Corp.; and Rajan Batra, Chevron
International Exploration & Production.
Maximizing Field Tieback Opportunities, John Shaw, First Sub-
sea
Subsea Wellhead Capping Deployment During an Intervention
on a USAN Well Development, Jerome Lucas, TOTAL.
Track 1, Local Content 2, will be chaired by Sammy Ojigbo, Ni-
gerian National Petroleum Corp.
Local Content Development Closing Opportunity Gaps, Akin
Osuntoki, Richardson Oil and Gas Ltd.
Nigerian Content Act and the Insurance Industry: One Year Af-
ter, Adekunle Ahmed, Guaranty Trust Assurance Plc.
Track 2, Flowlines and Pipelines, will be chaired by Akin Odu-
makinde, DeltaAfrik (invited); and Richard Taylor, DNV.
How Advances in Diverless Pipeline Repair Technology Made
it Possible for an Operator to Save Field Development Costs,
Edgar Keijser, Oil States Industries Inc.
Dead Leg Management, Emhodumhe Ikhenebome, National
Engineering and Tech Co. (Subsidiary of NNPC).
Track 1, Well Construction and Drilling Operations 2, will be
chaired by Cletus Egbuzie, ExxonMobil Corp.; and Pierre Nouama,
PETROCI.
Expandable Liner Hanger Technology Provides Increased By-
Pass Area and Reduces Equivalent Circulation Density During
Installation: Case Histories, Daniel De Clute-Melanon, Halli-
burton
Coring Point Selection Using Resistivity at Bit Technology: A
West Africa Successful Case History, Luca Magini, ENI Ghana
E&P Ltd.
Track 2, Field Development 2, will be chaired by Adeyemi Su-
ara, Shell Nigeria Exploration and Production Co. Ltd.; and Akin Os-
untoki, Richardson Oil & Gas Ltd.
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______________
_________
353 Pages/Hardcover/2007
ISBN13 : 978-1-59370-070-6
$129.00 US
O R D E R Y O U R C O P Y T O D A Y !
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riser technology, from university students to
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FEATURES and BENEFITS:
Straightforward explanations of the principal
parameters that inuence riser behavior.
Clear procedures for analyzing highly
complicated problems.
Means of making rapid ballpark analyses before
and after running sophisticated FE riser programs.
Subsea Processing, A Holistic Approach to Marginal Field De-
velopment, Engr. Nimi Abili, Cameron
Maximizing Value Through Smart Wells in Deepwater Develop-
ments, Engr. Ebenezer Ageh, Shell Nigeria E&P Co.
Thursday panel discussion
Regional Local Content starts at 9:30, and will be moderated by
Ernest Nwapa, executive secretary, Nigerian Content Development
and Monitoring Board. Panelists include Zenith Bank, invited; An-
drew Badoo, director of administration, Ghana National Petroleum
Corp., invited; and Emeka Ene, vice president, Petroleum Technol-
ogy Association of Nigeria (PETAN).
Concluding program
The conference program concludes at 12:00 on Thursday with
the Conference Chairmans Closing Remarks presented by Francis
Alabo Ogaree, general manager, International Venture Opportuni-
ties, Nigerian National Petroleum Corp., followed by the Awards
Ceremony and Closing Remarks, presented by David Paganie, con-
ference director, PennWell Corp.
Exhibitors
Expected exhibitors include: Asbury International Ltd., Atlantic
Bluewater Services Ltd., Belzona Polymerics Ltd., Damagix Group,
Dantussynergyn Oil Ghana Ltd., EMS Ship Supply & Seven Seas
Shipchandlers, EPIC Atlantic, FLIR Systems, Furmanite, Geoplex,
Halliburton, Hull Inspections/Hull Engineering, Hydratight Ltd, In-
terspiro AB, Kamag Transporttecknik GMBH & Co. KG, Kay Global
Ltd., Makon Engineering & Technical Services Ltd., Mansfeld En-
ergy, Modec Inc., Nestoil, Nicolas Industrie S.A.S., Nigerian Society
of Engineers, NOV ASEP Elmar-UK, OCO, Oil and Gas Freezone
Authority, Oil Review Africa, Oilserv Nigeria Ltd., Oiltest, Petroleum
Technology Association of Nigeria (PETAN), Petrolog, Pipeline Pro-
fessionals Association of Nigeria, Q-SHE Ltd., Radial Circle Group,
Redwise Maritime Services B.V., Richardson Oil & Gas, Ropetec,
Scheuerle Fahrzeugfabrik GMBH, Senacare, Shell Nigeria E&P,
SPX Hydraulic Technologies, Tecon Oil Services Ltd., Tilone Sub-
sea Ltd., TOTAL, Wachs Subsea, LLC, and Weafri Well Services Ltd.
Media sponsors include: Offshore, Oil & Gas Journal, Oil & Gas Fi-
nancial Journal, Oil, Gas & Petrochem Equipment, and PennEnergy.
For additional information or to register for the conference, please
visit the website at http://www.offshorewestafrica.com/index.html.
Theo Ahwireng, manager geophysics, Ghana National Petroleum Corp.
and 2011 advisory board chairman, greets attendees.
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__________________
16TH EDITION
CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION
24 - 26 JANUARY 2012
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE CENTRE
ABUJA, NIGERIA
Register To Attend Now And
Save 40% With Our Early Bird Offer*
The16thannua|OllshoreWestAlr|caOonlerence&Exh|b|t|onw|||behe|d|nAbuja,N|ger|aatthelnternat|ona|OonlerenceOentreon
2426January2012.OllshoreWestAlr|ca|stheprem|ertechn|ca|lorumlocusedexc|us|ve|yonWestAlr|canollshoreexp|orat|on
andproduct|on.Theconlerencede||versthe|atesttechno|og|ca||nnovat|ons,so|ut|onsand|essons|earnedlrom|ead|ng|ndustry
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A wor|d-c|ass two-track techn|ca| conlerence program
An exh|b|t|on showcase ol techno|ogy and capab|||t|es to support |mprovements |n Alr|can E&P operat|ons
Expert op|n|ons on the new |ssues, cha||enges and so|ut|ons assoc|ated w|th the expand|ng Alr|can exp|orat|on & product|on act|v|ty
NIGERIAN NATIONAL PETROLEUM CORPORATION
Europe,Afr|ca&M|dd|eEast.
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For more information on exhibiting and sponsorship please contact:
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OWNED & PRODUCED BY PRESENTED BY SUPPORTING PUBLICATIONS
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Pre Show Guide Now Available
To view the Pre Show Guide and to fnd out more, please visit www.offshorewestafrica.com
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_________________________
PETROBRAS I NTERVI EW
Innovation and investment propel
Petrobras toward deeper waters
President/CEO Jos Sergio Gabrielli de Azevedo
of fers insight into companys plans
P
etrobras estimates that Brazils presalt reserves contain about
50 Bboe enough to turn the country into one of the worlds
top oil producers in this coming decade. To realize these goals,
the company is moving into deeper waters and placing produc-
tion equipment onto the seabed, including the latest subsea
processing, separation, boosting, and gas compression technologies.
By the end of this year, some of the worlds most innovative subsea
technology will be tested in the Marlim feld, Campos basin, with the
worlds frst deepwater (postsalt) subsea oil/gas/water and sand
separation system. In this test, Petrobras expects to enhance oil re-
covery by reinjecting water into the reservoir to boost production
in the mature feld. This would open the way to reducing the weight
of foating production facilities. When visiting the Petrobras R&D
center (Cenpes) in Rio de Janeiro Cenpes, one sees a dome featur-
ing two rooms where operations personnel can manage unmanned
platforms via computer, with the aid of huge 3D display screens.
Jos Sergio Gabrielli de Azevedo has achieved great success as
Petrobras CEO, most notably in leading efforts to enable Brazil to
realize petroleum self-suffciency; and in the discovery and produc-
tion of massive quantities of oil and gas in ultra-deepwaters below
2,000 m (6,561 ft) at the presalt.
The companys oil production rose to 2 MMb/d in 2010 from 1.7
MMb/d in 2003, when Gabrielli was appointed president, a growth
of 17%. Oil and gas reserves increased 30% during the same period
from 11.6 Bbbl in 2003 to 15 Bbbl at present.
Net profts rose to $19.184 billion in 2010 from $6.599 billion in 2003.
Petrobras plans to spend almost $107,000 a minute over the next four
years as part of its immense and recently modifed spending plan.
In this exclusive interview with Offshore, Gabrielli describes the
companys efforts to advance these plans, and how it is working to
become one of the worlds major oil exporting countries.
Of fshore: Your most recent investment plan calls for $224.7 bil-
lion to be spent through 2015. What is the forecasted production
increase in Brazil by 2020 and how much will be in the presalt? How
much do you expect your reserves to grow in this period?
Gabrielli: Petrobras total production planned for 2020 is 6,418,000
boe/d, including felds located in countries where the company has
operations. Of this total, 1,993,000 bbl will come from the presalt re-
gion, including areas acquired under the transfer of rights agreement.
At present, we do not know to what extent the presalt discoveries
will increase our reserves, since this depends on the ongoing explo-
ration activities. However, based only on what we already know, we
can say that Brazils reserves, currently standing at around 15 Bbbl,
are expected to double.
Of fshore: How much are you investing in your R&D center in Rio
de Janeiro, and what are the main areas of research in this center?
What is Petrobras doing to train and increase the availability of man-
power in the industry?
Gabrielli: In addition to our Research and Development Center,
Petrobras technological management involves all of our operating
bodies, universities and research institutions in Brazil, international
research institutions, as well as global oil companies and suppliers.
Our 2011-2015 Business Plan calls for approximately $1.3 billion in
investments in technology per year. We have hundreds of research
groups working in Brazil to address the key issues, not only in all
oil, gas, biofuel and energy industry activities, but also in environ-
mental preservation. There are 50 thematic networks involving 80
institutions and average annual investments of $270 billion. These
Peter Howard Wertheim
Contributing Editor
Born in Salvador, capital of Bahia
state, Petrobras president and CEO
Jos Sergio Gabrielli de Azevedo
graduated with bachelors degree in
economics from Universidade Federal
da Bahia, where he also received a
masters degree in fiscal incentives and
regional development. He obtained
a PhD in economics from Boston
University with a dissertation on
the financing of the Brazilian public
sector companies from 1975 to 1979.
From 2000 to 2001, he was a visiting
research scholar at the London School
of Economics and Political Science.
Gabrielli has been the chief executive officer of Petroleo
Brasileiro (Petrobras) since July 22,
2005, and serves as its president
and member of the executive board.
Gabrielli also serves as president of
Petrobras America Inc.
Prior to that, he served as the chief
financial officer and investor relations
officer of Petrobras from Jan. 31, 2003,
to July 21, 2005, where he was respon-
sible for the executive management
of accounting, corporate finance and
treasury, project finance, investor rela-
tions, tax administration and financial
planning and risk management. He has
published several articles and books on productive restructuring,
the labor market, macroeconomics and regional development.
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www.offshore-mag.com December 2011 Of fshore 51
networks have enabled the implementation
of world class laboratories and the training
of researchers.
One of the biggest challenges our industry
faces is manpower qualifcation. Petrobras is
the primary supporter of the National Profes-
sional Qualifcation Plan developed by the
National Oil and Natural Gas Industry Mobi-
lization Program (Prominp). This program is
expected to qualify around 213,000 people to
work in 185 categories of the industrys sup-
ply chain. Of this total, about 70% are at the
primary and secondary levels, which com-
prise the supply chains greatest needs.
We are increasing Petrobras staff, which
is expected to grow from the current 61,000
workers to 74,400 employees in 2015, not
including subsidiaries. We have held selec-
tion processes each year, always with many
more candidates than openings. For the se-
lection process currently in progress, there
are 174,000 registered candidates to fll 590
positions nationwide and to form a reserve
reference fle.
Of fshore: How much are you investing in
offshore safety and health as well as envi-
ronmental protection? What measures were
taken to tackle these issues?
Gabrielli: Petrobras has a robust and rig-
orous policy for issues related to equipment
and personnel training. All procedures are
in full compliance with the requirements set
forth by the regulators that oversee our mari-
time operations, including the navy, ANP, and
IBAMA, among others.
Pursuant to the most advanced internation-
al standards, the company has installed nine
EDCs (environmental defense centers) in Bra-
zil, the goal of which is to ensure maximum
protection for its operating units in the event
of an emergency. The EDCs complement the
existing local contingency plans in force at
the terminals, refneries, and other company
operating units. They are equipped with col-
lector vessels, barges, chemical dispersants,
bioremediation agents, and up to 20,000 linear
meters of oil containment and absorption bar-
riers, which can be moved quickly to address
an emergency anywhere in the country.
All of the staff working on the platforms
is accredited by the International Associa-
tion of Drilling Contractors. Internal well
safety training has been provided since
1971. A well closure drill, which measures
both team and equipment response times,
has also been addressed by an internal pro-
cedure. There are also emergency plans for
oil spills in place for all Brazilian oil basins.
Offshore: Petrobras is increasing its pro-
duction faster than any oil company in the
world. What role will Brazils regulatory mod-
el play in the development of the new presalt
discoveries? Why was this model modifed
for the presalt? Do you believe that Petrobras
should operate all presalt felds alone?
Gabrielli: Brazil has a privileged position.
We have a huge consumer market; a diver-
sifed energy matrix; a solid and growing
industry; leading oilfeld technology, particu-
larly with regard to offshore activity; and in-
stitutional, economic and legal stability. From
what we already know about the presalt, we
can say that the exploration risk is low and
productivity is very high. Under the produc-
tion sharing system adopted for the presalt
reserves, contractors bear the exploration
risks and will only be refunded if they make
commercial discoveries. Payments will be
made in oil. The remaining production will
be divided between the government and the
contractors. Petrobras is a leading deepwater
operator, holding 22% of the areas this hori-
zon worldwide; and we have the technology
and technical teams with extensive experi-
ence in offshore exploration and production.
All this places Petrobras in an excellent po-
sition to successfully operate in the presalt
region, where it already produces 130,000
bbl/d.
Of fshore: How do you compare what is
happening in Brazil with other oil booms,
such as North Sea during the 70s? What les-
sons did Brazil learn from the experience in
other countries?
Gabrielli: One of our concerns is to avoid
the phenomenon that became known as the
Dutch disease. [Editors note: The Dutch
disease refers to the deindustrialization of a na-
tions economy that occurs when the discovery of
a natural resource raises the value of that na-
tions currency, making manufactured goods
less competitive with other nations, increasing
Comparison between Petrobras fgures for 2003 and 2010/2011.
2011 2003
Petrobras oil and gas reserves in barrel equivalents in Brazil and abroad (SPE criterion) 16 billion 10.5 billion
Average daily oil and gas output in barrel equivalents (Brazil and abroad) 2.6 million 1.8 million
Average output of oil alone in bbl/d in Brazil (average of year) 2 million 1.5 million
Average oil and gas output abroad in barrel equivalents 240,000 59,000
Average daily production only of oil in barrels/day abroad 150 mil 35.2 mil
Average daily natural gas output in millions of cubic meters in Brazil 55 million 44 million
Average daily natural gas output in millions of cubic meters abroad 15 million 3.8 million
Average natural gas output in millions of cu m/d in Brazil and abroad 56 million 44 million
Producing wells operating in Brazil and abroad 14,000 9,800
Number of drilling rigs in operation (onshore and offshore) 120 31
Production platforms in operation 134 96
Own and chartered oil tankers 190 115
Terminals operating in Brazil 66 43
Refineries in Brazil and abroad 15 14
Biodiesel plants (including experimental) 5 0
Installed refining capacity in bbl/d in Brazil and abroad 2.223 million 2.021 million
Oil and oil product exports in barrels per day 712,000 b/d 439,000 b/d
Net income R$35.2 billion (2010) R$8 billion
Net operating income R$213 billion (2010) R$69.2 billion
Economic contribution to the country R$65 billion (2010) R$43 billion
Total investments R$76.4 billion (2010) R$11 billion
Payment of royalties and holdings R$20.3 billion 2010) R$5.9 billion
Number of Petrobras own employees 80,000 46,700
Source:Petrobras
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imports and decreasing exports. The term origi-
nated in Holland after the discovery of North Sea
gas.] Among other initiatives, we are making
efforts to increase the local content in our
hiring, driving the growth of the entire pro-
duction chain, and motivating international
companies to come to Brazil in association
with Brazilian companies. And we have been
quite successful in this. Brazil is already
building production platforms equipped
with 75% domestic content at terms and pric-
es consistent with those practiced abroad.
Offshore: The presalt felds are rather
distant from the coast (around 350 km/218
mi). What is Petrobras doing to maintain ter-
minals onshore and overcome the logistical
challenges in these operations? Where will
the best opportunities for suppliers be? What
were the largest operational diffculties found
in the presalt and what is the break even cost
for petroleum in the presalt?
Gabrielli: Much progress has been made
in recent years, allowing not only for stable
drilling through the layer of salt, but also re-
ducing well drilling time and investments. It
is all a matter of technology. For example,
the frst well Petrobras drilled in this presalt
section took more than a year and cost $240
million to be completed. The most recent
wells Petrobras drilled there took 60 days
and cost, on average, $66 million.
This was possible for several reasons: learn-
ing that took place in well drilling in order to
cut through the 2,000-m thick salt section;
improvements in well lining specifcations;
advances in drilling fuid quality; enhanced
well geometry design; better drill bit specif-
cations; and progress achieved from chemical
analysis performed at the research center and
by Petrobras well engineering group.
The lifting costs are also lower in the pre-
salt region now due to the volume of produc-
tion. The well that is connected to the Lula
pilot produces 36,000 b/d. The presalt lifting
cost is lower. All separation and injection
units that are currently on the surface will
be installed on the seabed. With fewer peo-
ple on board, logistics will also be optimized.
Of fshore: Could you give us more informa-
tion about the $13.6 billion divestment plan?
What shares are you selling in some of your
assets? What interests do you forecast in
these assets, mainly in Brazil? What E&P as-
sets in Brazil are you planning to sell?
Gabrielli: Divestments are commonplace
in many companies. Petrobras divestments
are relatively minor considering the size of
the investment, and half of them are fnan-
cial. Half are adjustments of receivables. A
lot of this has been facilitated with the es-
tablishment of Progredir, a program that in-
volves the six largest Brazilian commercial
banks. It can offer Petrobras suppliers and
the suppliers suppliers money for less
than the market can pay, because they are
assured that Petrobras will pay. It is hoped
that Progredir will replace the company in
the payments of the intermediate phases,
freeing resources. Another way is the series
of cash collaterals. We can substitute this
guarantee for insurance, bank guarantees,
and free resources. All of this will add up to
half of the $13 billion set out in our business
plan. Asset sales, meanwhile, will account
for the other half of the $13 billion.
Offshore: Are you worried about increas-
ing costs caused by the requirements of local
content in Brazil? How many ships, FPSOs,
and drilling rigs you plan to build and how
many will be built in Brazil? What are you do-
ing to minimize your costs with distribution?
Gabrielli: We have already commissioned
the construction of seven drilling rigs, of a
total of 28 to be built in Brazil, in addition to
30 other ones that will come from abroad. In
Brazil, we have also already ordered seven
hulls for FPSOs that will operate in the pre-
salt region. We are calling them replicants.
The reason for this is that they have the
same design and will serve as the basis for
the construction of the other systems that
are needed to undertake all of the opera-
tions in the presalt area.
At a frst stage, we are using a combina-
tion of existing technologies that we have
already mastered and improved. At a second
one, we will use new technologies, with em-
phasis on reducing equipment weight and
size, increasing automation on the surface,
and enhancing underwater production and
fuid separation systems.
With respect to logistics, we currently
have a feet of 287 support vessels and ex-
pect to have 568 by 2020. We will use sup-
ply distribution hubs for fuel, drilling fuids,
and other products and materials that are
used on a large scale on platforms. They will
be installed at strategic points between the
coast and the presalt cluster. Unprecedent-
ed in the industry, these centers will reduce
costs and minimize environmental risks. We
are also developing similar solutions for pas-
senger transportation to increase transport
speed and safety, and to reduce costs.
Of fshore: Can you tell us what Petrobras
is doing to support its supply chain? How
do you fnance your suppliers with working
capital, and what investments have you un-
dertaken in the supply chain? How are you
going to diversify your suppliers?
Gabrielli: Petrobras supports its network
of suppliers in several ways. These include the
provision of professional training; structuring
funding mechanisms; improved supply chain
management; facilitating partnerships be-
tween Brazilian and foreign technology base
companies; and encouraging the insertion of
small and midsize enterprises in the indus-
trys production network. We also undertake
actions that facilitate funding, especially the
Progredir program, which enables the supply
of credit at a volume and under competitive
conditions to companies operating in the sup-
ply chain. The suppliers cost of borrowing is
expected to decrease by an average of 20%.
The evolution of our goods and services sup-
plier reference fle, which currently adds up
to more than 5,500 companies, also stands
out in our internal procedures. The reference
fle also encourages companies to improve
their management practices.
Of fshore: How can Brazilian fnancial and
capital markets be developed to make avail-
able new fnancial instruments and more
insurance capacity in Brazil? What is Petro-
bras doing to help develop fnancial and ser-
vices markets in Brazil?
Gabrielli: As mentioned, Progredir is an
important program to develop the market,
since it increases industrial competitiveness
and provides more local content. Progredir
aims to facilitate, in a quick, standardized
manner, the supply of credit at a reduced
cost to all companies in the Petrobras supply
chain. More than 250,000 businesses are cur-
rently part of this chain, which enhances the
potential of the initiative. In order to improve
fnancial and risk conditions, Petrobras is the
anchor of Progredir, contributing with the
companys entire production chain by trans-
ferring to the participants its better credit
perception in the market.
Of fshore: Petrobras plays a fundamental
role in Brazils economy and has a great im-
pact over infation rates, trade balance, and
the currency. As Petrobras president, how
do you balance the interests of your main
shareholder the government with the
need to increase investments? What are the
diffculties of aligning Petrobras interests,
government, and minority shareholders?
Gabrielli: Despite the apparent ambiguity
being controlled by the government and hav-
ing private shareholders we have no diffcul-
ties making this alignment because the goals
are convergent. We do not need government
investments for our investment programs and
have achieved highly positive fnancial results
over the years. In 2010, for example, we posted
record proft, and in the frst half of 2011 we
achieved a net income 37% up on 2010.
The author
Peter Howard Wertheim is Offshores Contributing
Editor based in Rio de Janeiro. He can be reached at:
peterhw@frionline.com.br.
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_____________________
GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSI CS
Data management in a multi-platform age
Clash of storage requirements calls for long-term approach
E
nergy companies generate digital in-
formation at an unprecedented pace
at all stages of exploration and pro-
duction. Different stages of that life
cycle beneft from varying degrees of
structured data management, but there is
no single solution that encompasses all the
data from all sources and for all disciplines.
As the many parties that manage and con-
sume data come to realize, the one-size-fts-
all comprehensive data repository will never
materialize. Alternate strategies based on
modern data federation and interoperability
attract increasing interest as a realistic way
to support operational effciency.
Multi-platform
The defnition of an IT or infrastructure
platform normally includes only the combi-
nation of an operating system and a hard-
ware standard. In this day and age in oil and
gas, that means mostly Windows on Intel
architecture and Linux on Intel architec-
ture. In effect, additional separation occurs
based on the actual data structures used by
the subsurface, engineering, feld, and back-
offce applications.
Subsurface systems
The massive amounts of data generated by
seismic surveys require a high level of struc-
tured storage strategies to remain traceable
and to be accessible to an increasing number
of stakeholders. Gone are the days when the
petabytes of feld data remained in the con-
fnes of the mega-data processing centers (typ-
ically running Linux clusters augmented by
graphic card processors); nowadays interpret-
ers need to access the feld information even
as they look at the stack-migrated datasets that
are only a few hundred gigabytes in size.
For monolithic data management systems
this creates disconnects where interpretation
operates on Windows-based systems. Subsur-
face scientifc applications also rely on direct
access to all well measurements, which on a
regional basis can number many hundreds of
thousands of boreholes each with many logs,
cores, samples, etc. So it is no surprise that
software suites used in subsurface explora-
tion, delineation, and production monitoring
are highly relational, offer powerful search
capabilities, and for the more evolved ones
also deliver cross-platform interoperability in-
cluding browser-based navigation and selec-
tion tools. In most cases, subsurface activity
is in areas where production activity already
is on-going. This requires access to existing
production data, which typically resides in
other data systems.
Engineering systems
Engineering software covers many activi-
ties from the planning of the development of
a feld using modeling and simulation tech-
nologies, to the software operated mostly by
contractors for construction and operation.
While modeling and simulation are often built
on the same or similar infrastructure as sub-
surface solutions, data remains structured and
manageable. As one ventures into the realm of
engineering, structured systems yield center
stage to ad hoc solutions built around Micro-
soft Excel, pivot tables, and other mainstream
generic software products. Data management
is, therefore, almost impossible, beyond disas-
ter recovery and data backup.
Field systems
Modern drilling facilities carry a lot of
computer resources, much of it operating
in proprietary environments managed by
the many contracting companies perform-
ing the logging, mud-logging, rig operation,
and other tasks that are part of the life on
the rig. Real-time information is transmitted
off-site using industry standard protocols
such as WITS-ML. In recent years, the in-
strumentation of both drilling systems and
to a much larger extent production facilities
has resulted in a massive generation of data.
The software systems to screen and monitor
this avalanche of information are still in their
early years of development and deployment.
Back-offce systems by nature will oper-
ate on top of a highly structured platform,
built on process software from major provid-
ers. The need to sustain audits tracing back
over the years, the complex accounting of
cost sharing, and the need for some degree
of transparency among partners and for
compliance with many regulations all point
toward well-structured data systems.
A connected environment
Activity integration is a driving process
for most energy companies, mirroring the
accelerating pace of energy projects while
keeping an eye on an ever-changing busi-
ness environment and increasingly complex
hydrocarbon plays. Assembly-line work-
fows (in which each discipline performs its
designated task and hands on the result to
the next one) has given way to integrated,
team-based workfows that have multiple
disciplines tackling a problem together, and
iterating through certain steps to converge
on an ideal outcome or to explore multiple
scenarios. This trend motivates a lot of the
data integration initiatives, e.g. in subsur-
face systems. As the drive for more effcien-
cies and further risk reduction continues, it
is set to expand in scope.
Assembly-line work does not require in-
tegration, and can operate smoothly as long
as data hand-over is streamlined. Team-ori-
ented work demands integrated data man-
agement, including sophisticated user role
management and data ownership tracking,
to allow each user to safely add value to the
outcome without interfering in other team
member roles.
Limits of large systems
In theory, one could envision a seamless
single data management system inclusive of
Philip Neri
Paradigm
Prestack data is now part of the daily life of
the interpreter the challenge is to make the
terabytes of data available online.
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all data from all aspects of the business, but many things make that
unrealistic. Furthermore, this would entail that all data already exist
in some form of a structured environment.
The reality of large footprint systems, i.e. systems that span many
disciplines or even different departments within an organization, is
that while they may improve the effciency of a specifc asset, group
of assets, or regional entity, their size and the complexity of their
management will result in one company having a number of these
systems with the separation no longer along the lines of technical
disciplines or departments but along lines separating different geo-
graphical businesses. While each entity becomes more effective
through its vertical integration, trans-regional or multi-asset studies
become more diffcult, or will require data duplication across the
lateral boundaries of the different verticals.
A different approach
Data federation is an alternate data strategy deployed in many
domains, not the least in subsurface data management. The need to
manage concurrently data that is in a high-production seismic data
processing center (mostly on Linux), while using models and inter-
pretation information from geoscientists working on Linux or Win-
dows workstations, and pushing results into an engineering environ-
ment that operates mostly using Windows software is a challenge
that can be addressed with distributed, cross-platform systems. The
client-server architecture links applications to a number of different
repositories, each in a different physical location (data center, work-
station data servers, individual workstations, or laptops) and each
with its own data management specifcs. Seismic data requires highly
optimized data streaming as well as random access to extremely large
data volumes; interpretation data needs high levels of security and the
real-time preservation of editing activity; well data requires optimized
structures for random search and fltering on the fy of millions of
small records; and modeling data must support real-time updates of
many related and highly complex objects using transforms.
A federated client-server architecture allows each data type to be
hosted and structured in the most appropriate way, while giving the
appearance of a unifed collection of data. The architecture is open
to the addition of new data objects, including those from other plat-
forms, and thus avoids data duplication without requiring a migra-
tion of existing data to a new system. Among other benefts, this
greatly facilitates group data review.
Tools for oversight
Regardless of the data system structure, the reality is that within
a given company there will be more than one system, and in many
instances more than one system of a particular type, either to ac-
commodate a multi-vendor environment, or because each different
business unit has its own system. Over the life of an energy com-
panys data repositories, and with the evolution of data systems in
each department over the years, even a single system will contain
invalid, erroneous, or duplicate data objects. This has spurred the
need to develop tools that give the high-level view of what data is
stored where, as well as allowing for a drill-down to specifc data
objects to locate and analyze data duplication, multiple versions of
a particular data object, labeling errors, and other common issues.
The future
It is increasingly clear to data management experts that no single
solution can address the needs of on-line, active-use data systems
and at the same time provide for the perennial availability of older
data items that, while not in active use, may be needed for future
reference. Companies typically retain data and in some cases repro-
cess it up to 10 years. In that time, a given system will have gone
through a number of format changes. It is not uncommon that over
such a time span a new vendor may have replaced the incumbent for
specifc parts of the application portfolio. Archiving strategies that
retain data in application-specifc formats are well suited to short
term re-use scenarios and disaster recovery, but for longer-term
archiving it is necessary to build a vendor-neutral environment in
which data is stored in industry-standard formats (e.g. LAS for well
data) so it can be retrieved by any future data system without the
penalties of data structure upgrades that are the norm for access
to application-specifc data archives that have been on a shelf for a
number of years. Industry standards exist for many types of data. If
none is available, structured data tables with ample metadata will be
easier to access and reload than a proprietary data structure.
Closing review
Data management and cross-disciplinary integration are crucial
to increase the effciencies of all aspects of oil and gas exploration,
production, and administration. Data is generated in unprecedented
volumes, while the business environment has become more de-
manding at all stages of an energy asset life cycle. Innovation is
key to solving new challenges and to redefning the paradigms that
govern this critical activity. At stake is the ability for a competitive
organization to extract more information, materialize more oppor-
tunities, and make the best use of cost effciencies to remain ahead
of the game.
Large visualization systems allow groups of decision makers to review
vast amounts of data and decide on an optimal course of action.
Data searching: all information is referenced in geographic coordinates,
and combined with Google Earth to provide terrain and infrastructure
information.
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Ocean bottom seismic a key technology
offshore West Africa
S
eabed seismic data acquisition can be
applied to many seismic and geologi-
cal challenges and may improve res-
ervoir characterization and manage-
ment. The technology has in recent
years become strategic for many oil compa-
nies in their de-risking of wells and recovery
factor improvement.
By placing sensors on the seafoor and
decoupling the source and receiver, the ac-
quisition layout and equipment ensures a
number of benefts and it proves ocean bot-
tom seismic (OBS) delivers results unique
to this technology while resolving many
streamer seismic limitations.
This strategic application is seen in West
Africa where RXT has been acquiring ocean
bottom cable (OBC) seismic since 2007 in
Nigeria, working for clients like Afren, MPN
(ExxonMobil Nigeria), Chevron, and Total.
RXT acquires OBC seismic using a num-
ber of steel cables connected to an autono-
mous buoy that records all data, making it
possible to retrieve that data without retriev-
ing the cable. Every 25 to 50 m (82 to 164
ft) along the VectorSeis Ocean (VSO) cable
is a hydrophone and three orthogonal geo-
phones or accelerometers on the seafoor
acquiring 4C data.
Among the benefts of 4C is that both com-
pressional data (PP) and converted shear
wave data (PS) volume are acquired. The
PP data consists of a downgoing compres-
sional wave that is refected and recorded
as a compressional wave at the seabed. The
PS data consists of a downgoing compres-
sional wave that is refected and converted
as shear wave and recorded at the seabed.
Placing sensors at the seafoor has ben-
efts. Two sources of noise that impact both
data quality and operational performance of
towed streamer surveys are avoided by plac-
ing sensors on the seafoor. Both the noise
arising from towing the sensors through the
water, as well as the noise induced by the
movement of the sea surface, is eliminated.
Using both the geophone and hydrophone
data gives a straight-forward process to
separate the recorded data into upward and
downward traveling components that can be
used effciently in multiple elimination. By
placing the sensors on the seabed, optimal
coupling also is achieved. With a shorter
ray path, OBC provides superior bandwidth
compared to streamer data.
These benefts of OBC seismic can be
achieved in highly obstructed areas because
it is possible to deploy cables close to the
subsurface and surface infrastructure for
better data coverage and it reduces the need
for undershooting.
To improve imaging in complex geology
and salt structures, OBC provides the op-
portunity for wide-azimuth and full-azimuth
designs, as there is a lot of fexibility in how
to place the receiver arrays relative to the
source arrays. Multiple vessels and passes
are not required with OBC to acquire wide-
azimuth data, making OBC competitive with
streamer data.
Because converted shear waves are ac-
quired, the issue of gas clouds can be re-
solved as the shear waves are insensitive to
gas and can image both within and below
the cloud. The insensitivity of the shear
waves to both oil and gas provides a unique
hydrocarbon prediction attribute as well.
Compressional data is infuenced by hydro-
carbons, however, the converted shear wave
data will not be. Therefore, it is possible to
separate a lithological/diagenetic effect and
hydrocarbons, as an amplitude brightening
on the PP data will only be a hydrocarbon
effect if not also present on the PS data.
With benefts such as better seismic res-
ervoir characterization using seismic inver-
sion, the application of OBS as a strategic
technology to solve similar seismic chal-
lenges to those of West Africa will increase
especially as many of the oil feld challenges
that are also seen in West Africa can be re-
solved by OBS.
Kim Gunn Maver
RXT
Bandwidth comparison
of streamer and VSO
OBC seismic data. The
OBC data enables a
more detailed interpre-
tation and better fault
definition and the low
frequency information.
The autonomous VSO OBC system from ION uses cables connected to a buoy for power generation
and data recording.
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ENGI NEERI NG, CONSTRUCTI ON, & I NSTALLATI ON
Structured offshore field development
concept selection adds real value
A
ny company that undertakes an off-
shore feld development must pro-
ceed through a process to determine
the best alternatives available to de-
velop their feld. Companies who do
not follow a rigorous concept identifcation/
selection process fall into traps that leave
considerable value on the table. It is im-
portant to consider all viable concepts that
explore potential approaches to increasing
value and mitigating risk.
Many companies evaluate feld development
alternatives by using a stage gate process that
includes formal concept identifcation and con-
cept selection phases. However, it is also com-
mon for companies to favor feld development
concepts based on prior experience, using past
concepts, without fully evaluating other options.
Other operators, generally those with less ex-
perience or smaller budgets, may perform a
minimum amount of concept selection, omit-
ting attractive concepts. To ensure a successful
outcome, concept identifcation and selection
are process steps that cannot be overlooked. It
does not have to be a long and expensive effort,
but it should ensure that all viable options are
considered, including those that might be con-
sidered innovative.
One common method for comparing differ-
ent concepts is to use decision analysis (DA).
The DA process starts with framing the prob-
lem to ensure all stakeholders agree on the
structure of the problem; e.g., what is being
considered and what will not be considered,
objectives, decision criteria, givens, and so
on. DA uses a numerical model in which key
alternatives can be evaluated and compared.
Inputs would normally include production
profles for each well, costs and schedules for
drilling and facilities, operating cost over the
life of the feld, and key economic criteria such
as discount rate, price of oil, and production-
sharing terms. The outputs of the DA model
might include net present value (NPV), return
on investment (ROI) and cash fow.
Here, we take the example of a brownfeld
project where infeld drilling and knowl-
edge of reservoir performance over time
indicates that there are more reserves and
recovery to be had. The current infrastruc-
ture does not have the capacity to produce
the extra barrels. The goal of the exercise
is to identify what alternatives exist for de-
veloping this currently untapped potential
and compare these to select the one or two
best concepts. In this type of project, there
are fve key drivers that must be considered:
Reservoir performance
Capital cost
Operating cost
Economic recovery
Life of feld.
Concept identifcation
To ensure that all alternative approaches
are identifed, ideas should be solicited both
internally and externally. This process gives
internal operator groups the opportunity to
include ideas with input from additional geo-
graphical regions, as well as the opportunity
to learn from experience gained by their peers
with other technologies. External sources
may offer solutions less known to the operator.
The goal of the identifcation phase should
be focused on fnding as many viable concepts
as possible to make sure nothing is overlooked.
This process is much like brainstorming in that
no alternatives should be removed until every-
thing has been listed and categorized. Concept
identifcation/selection is often focused on fa-
cilities and should include appropriate facility
disciplines such as process, structural, foating
production, and subsea systems, as well as op-
erations.
To begin the concept identifcation effort,
it is important to develop key design crite-
ria. Accurate subsurface characterization is
essential (ranges and best estimates) includ-
ing well counts, production fow rates, water
injection and artifcial lift requirements, gas
injection/utilization, and crude properties.
Existing infrastructure information is also
critical, such as storage/pipeline capacities
and production facility capacities and con-
straints. In addition, all data that is known
should be identifed at the outset.
Known data may include water depth, GPS
location, other active felds in the surround-
ing area, and any known partner/govern-
ment requirements and preferences.
Best practices
Below are a number of points to consider
when listing best practices. Start by listing
every major alternative and any viable sub-
options. For example, a spar or tension leg
platform is not practical for a feld in 300 ft of
water, but other types of foating systems or
fxed platforms could be used.
List prototype and frst of the kind con-
cepts in the initial effort if these are a good
ft for this location. However, these should be
discussed with the operator and potentially the
feld partners to determine if they will consid-
er a unit that has not been proven previously.
Document all options that are considered, in-
cluding those that are deleted early in the pro-
cess. Use of these options may be questioned
later and it is important to document why they
were removed. Avoid becoming bogged down
in costs. Make high-level estimates, if neces-
sary, to resolve multiple options that are similar
in other respects but do not try to develop spe-
cifc detailed costs for all options.
Involve the operator, operating partners,
and key stakeholders as often as is reasonably
practical. Other possible stakeholders may
include appropriate government entities, ex-
isting contractors (such as an existing FPSO
lease provider), and adjacent operators whose
facilities might be utilized. The purpose of this
communication is to ensure that all concerns
and biases are addressed as soon as possible.
The operator will decide how much shared
information is appropriate, but generally, the
more feedback at this point the better. Key
feedback can include schedule, quality, and
cost expectations for the project.
It is critical to obtain partner agreement on
basic assumptions a process often referred
to as framing. A simple example of framing
would be deciding which future reservoirs
are included and which are not. Other items
needing agreement may include number and
locations of wells and downhole completion
confguration (electrical submersible pumps,
gas lift, gravel pack, etc.). Specifc criteria
such as production rates and number of
wells are required in order to evaluate the
various feld development concepts.
Concept selection
The selection process begins with a series
of efforts to reduce the number of concepts.
Generally, the amount of effort per alterna-
tive concept increases as the number of alter-
natives is reduced. It is important to obtain
regular stakeholder review of the inputs to the
Decision Analysis model during the process.
Bruce Crager
Endeavor Management
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ENGI NEERI NG, CONSTRUCTI ON, & I NSTALLATI ON
This step will avoid many of the arguments
that may occur when the results are present-
ed, because inputs and the method of model-
ing are understood and agreed upon up front.
The DA model provides numerical outputs
such as net present value, return on capital,
total recoverable reserves, and cash fow over
the life of the project. These outputs must be
evaluated with technical issues captured as
pros and cons of various alternatives. These
qualitative and quantitative results can be used
to continue to compare and reduce the num-
ber of concepts. Initial analyses can be run
deterministically to get frst order insights on
what drives the best results and then probabi-
listically to better understand the major risks
and opportunities from the uncertainties.
Often, several alternative concepts have
benefts that can be combined into a hybrid.
This hybrid can then be evaluated using the DA
model to ensure it improves on other alterna-
tives. Major assumptions made in the initial
phase of the project can be checked using the
DA model to determine if they make a signif-
cant difference when changed.
The end result of concept selection is
likely to be one or two alternative concepts
with sub-options that can be evaluated prior
to the front-end engineering design (FEED)
phase. This evaluation, commonly referred
to as pre-FEED, normally takes three to
six months. At the end of pre-FEED, there
should be one feld development concept
with a specifc design basis for FEED where
detailed engineering, costing, and schedul-
ing can be performed.
Case study
Lets explore a recent project for West Af-
rica in about 200-ft water depth. This project
underwent an identifcation phase that gener-
ated a large number of concepts to expand the
existing feld. The feld already had an FPSO
with wellhead platforms and subsea tiebacks.
More wells and increased production through-
put appeared to be proftable based on recent
drilling and reservoir modeling.
Major concepts identifed initially included
more platforms (both wellhead and full pro-
duction), foating facilities (including semi-
submersibles with FSO, expansion of the
existing FPSO, and a replacement FPSO), a
jackup production facility, and more subsea
tiebacks (including direct tieback, manifolds,
daisy chain, and subsea processing). These
major concepts were then compared on a
relative basis. This step resulted in a large
number of initial options, which were then
fltered to about 20 viable options using com-
parison criteria.
These criteria, developed by the project
team and approved by the operator, included:
minimize risk; continuity of revenue stream;
minimize estimated capital cost; minimize es-
timated operational cost; minimize schedule;
maximize fexibility for future expansion; and
maximize reuse of existing facilities.
This subjective grading was carried out
by a group of knowledgeable engineers from
various disciplines before formal costs and
schedules were developed. The purpose was
to reduce the number of options before per-
forming more complete DA, so there were no
formal economic results to compare, such as
net present value.
In this project, it was initially felt that expan-
sion or replacement of the existing FPSO was
the logical solution. However, the option of a
semisubmersible production system with an
adjacent FSO, in place of an FPSO, was retained
for the concept selection phase. While two foat-
ing units were expected to have a higher operat-
ing cost versus one FPSO, the semi could also
have workover capability. This could be quite
cost effective if subsea wells were placed below
it that needed regular workover.
While it is generally not necessary to identi-
fy specifc existing production units during the
identifcation phase, it can be advantageous
to check the current market for existing or
speculative foating or jackup production facili-
ties that might be compatible with the specifc
feld being evaluated. This process ensures
that a concept based on an available existing
vessel is not excluded prematurely. It is impor-
tant to note that an existing production unit
can potentially be less expensive and can also
bring on new production more quickly.
After the 20 options were identifed for a
given set of production profles, pros and cons
were developed for each major alternative.
The 20 options were then reduced to six. At
this point, a more rigorous cost and schedule
effort was developed for each one, so that they
could be more closely compared using the DA
model.
In this example expansion project, the
FPSO had process throughput limitations
but had enough storage capacity for in-
creased production. A viable hybrid was to
add a new production platform, instead of
a wellhead platform, with all existing wells
routed to this new platform. Processed
crude could then fow through a single pipe-
line from the new production platform to the
FPSO which would now act as an FSO.
The new production platform with FSO
compared favorably to other options. The hy-
brid (production platform with FSO), when
looked at probabilistically, increased NPV
by several hundred million dollars, because
it provided additional processing capacity
capable of handling the upside of the produc-
tion profle uncertainty. Deterministically, the
NPVs were virtually identical. The costs of the
two alternatives were identical. The qualitative
advantage of the hybrid was that it naturally
mitigated the risk of failure (need for trip to
dry dock) with the current aging FPSO.
(Left) Subsea wells producing to a spar. (Source: JP Kenny) (Right) Subsea wells producing to a production semi. (Source: JP Kenny)
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PRODUCTI ON OPERATI ONS
Remedial design restores cathodic
protection to corrosion-damaged hull
V
essels are a crucial part of the offshore oil and gas industry
and provide a means for delivering vital services such as IRM
(inspection, repair, and maintenance). Operating across the
world in waters of varying salinity and temperature means
vessels are highly susceptible to critical corrosion damage.
For example, localized pitting can occur on steel or aluminium hull
plates and result in the complete penetration of the hull below the
waterline. This can render a vessel unseaworthy, leading it to be dry
docked for unscheduled and costly maintenance.
Cathodic protection (CP) is a cost-effective and effcient corro-
sion mitigation solution and is central to almost every hull design.
With accurate datasets, it is possible to predict the most likely future
state of a hulls integrity, which helps operators effectively plan pre-
ventative action. However, a number of factors impact the effective-
ness of a CP system, such as structural components, surface area,
and existing coatings; and as these variables can change over time,
it is possible for premature corrosion to occur.
A recent example of this is when Stork Technical Services UK
Ltd. was approached by a major subsea services provider to investi-
gate the premature depletion of sacrifcial anodes on the hull of one
of its survey vessels. A remedial design and installation plan was
required within the week the vessel was dry docked for ongoing
maintenance.
CP system development
A CP system comprises an anti-corrosion coating and either sac-
rifcial anodes, most commonly used subsea, or impressed current
anodes with a power unit to drive them. The aim of a CP system is to
polarize a structure as quickly as possible and maintain the optimum
protection for the design life.
To develop an effective CP system for a hull,
information and data on factors such as the sea
chests and operating environment has to be ana-
lyzed and related to certifed industry design
standards and previous project experience.
The condition of the surface area and type of
existing coatings must also be determined to
calculate the required mass of the anodes, the
electrical current output by the total anodes pres-
ent, and from each individual anode. Using this
information and recommended current density
values, it is then possible to develop an effective
CP system based on the mass and electrical cur-
rent demands.
CP monitoring system
Once designed and installed, planned inspec-
tions to gather datasets are required to determine
if the system has achieved its initial goal of con-
tinuously protecting the hull. For sacrifcial CP
systems used below the waterline, an ROV is equipped with a multi-
electrode system to measure potentials and current densities around
the hull. Both the potential and current density readings are used in
detailed data analysis. Anode output currents can be calculated from
the readings using an appropriate mathematical model such as a mod-
ifed Dwights equation or McCoys formulae. Since the ROV survey
system uses a traceable calibration source, a historic trend analysis
can also be evaluated accurately and used to make meaningful predic-
tions. All of the gathered data, along with the original design details,
allow for an accurate assessment of a hulls corrosion risk and helps
in planning preventative maintenance.
For vessels without ROV capabilities, an electrochemical poten-
tial survey around the hull can be carried out using a dip-cell meth-
od. This utilizes a standard silver/silver-chloride
reference electrode which is placed close to the
hull in various locations at varying depths, and is
measured with a high input impedance voltmeter.
While this method is effective, it can only be used
to identify CP potentials.
Monitoring the effectiveness of an impressed
current cathodic protection (ICCP) system is
more complex. In addition to monitoring the an-
odes, it is also essential to test the power units,
stationary reference cells, and other components
that comprise the ICCP system to ensure that it is
working effectively.
Case study
In October 2011, Stork Technical Services UK
Ltd. (STS UK) was contracted to review sacrifcial
anodes on a vessel that had suffered corrosion
damage. Analysis of the data sourced regarding
the previous CP system found that the premature
Stephen Hall
Stork Technical Services UK Ltd.
Propellers on a vessel present a unique CP system design challenge.
A CP technician performing a dip cell
hull potential survey.
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IPLOCAs mission is to provide value to members through a forum for sharing ideas,
engaging the industry and its stakeholders, facilitating business opportunities and
promoting the highest standards in the pipeline industry.
Visitwww.iploca.comformoreinformationonmembership
IPLOCA - Supporting the global
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PRODUCTI ON OPERATI ONS
anode depletion was caused by an insuff-
cient anode mass, which in turn increased
the current demand required per anode.
A new CP system was required. Given the
short operating window, the decision was
made to design a system remotely from Ab-
erdeen, UK, which could then be assembled
and installed locally using only the anodes
that were readily available at the yard in
West Africa.
The vessels original CP design consisted
of a sacrifcial anode system in conjunc-
tion with a coating system instead of an
ICCP system. To design the new system,
the vessel was analyzed in various catego-
ries, including the hull, rudder, nozzle, sea
chests and thrusters, since each component
presented a different design challenge. The
possible electrical discontinuity between
components meant that the CP systems on
areas that were not electrically connected
had to operate independently.
After considering a range of options, a con-
servative current density was used to allow
for a more rapid breakdown in coating than
normal. This decision was also infuenced
by the fact the vessel normally operates in
warmer tropical water, which can result in a
higher corrosion rate. The conservative cur-
rent density employed in the design ensured
that the previous high depletion rate would
not occur within the systems intended de-
sign life.
CP systems can be based on a predomi-
nantly zinc alloy (designed to last for three
years) and a predominantly aluminium al-
loy (designed to last for fve years). These
were developed to allow the subsea services
provider to draw a comparison on the most
effective design based on what was available
on site. The aluminium based system pro-
vides a greater current be drawn for a longer
period of time per unit mass than zinc.
In addition to selecting the most effective
materials, the placement of the anodes is
equally important to ensure that the entirety
of the vessels hull and associated compo-
nents are suffciently protected. Detailed
docking plans were also developed to enable
the onsite engineers to correctly position
the anodes onto the ships hull for optimum
effciency.
The vessel has now been re-ftted and has
returned to operational capacity. Regular dip
cell potentials will be taken around the hull
to monitor the effectiveness of the system
and ensure it is operating as planned.
Conclusion
With signifcant global demand for servic-
es such as survey, IRM and diving, vessels
that are dry docked for corrosion-related is-
sues can result in signifcant loss of revenue
for subsea service providers. CP systems
are a cost-effective corrosion mitigation
solution, but they must be designed and in-
stalled correctly to operate for the expected
design life. Failure to do this can result in
premature corrosion and a remedial design
being required. For this particular job, STS
UK developed a CP solution remotely and
within a tight operating window for a sur-
vey vessel that helped prevent any further
unnecessary downtime due to corrosion-
related issues.
The author
Stephen Hall is cathodic protection engineering and
design manager, Stork Technical Services UK Ltd.
An example of a corroded prop and stern prior
to a CP system installation
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Mark your calendar for the 10th annual Deepwater Operations Conference and Exhibition.
The event will continue the tradition of excellence in addressing operational challenges involved
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provides a unique experience for attendees and exhibitors to share, learn and connect.
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www.deepwateroperations.com
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Conference & Exhibition
21 - 23 February 2012
Kuala Lumpur Convention Center (KLCC)
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
www. offshoreasi aevent. com
DEVELOPING
ASIAS
ENERGY
RESOURCES
PRE-SHOW GUIDE
Supporting Organizations:
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States
Presented by: Supported by: Gold Sponsor:
SUBSEA TECHNOLOGY
TOPSIDES
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CONSTRUCTION & INSTALLATION
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FLOWLINES & PIPELINES
RISK MANAGEMENT
LNG
DRILLING AND COMPLETION
REGISTER BY 21ST JANUARY
FOR EARLY BIRD DISCOUNTS
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2 ... c||s|c.e.s| .evert ccn
INVITATION TO ATTEND
Dear Industry Colleague,
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S|rce.e|y,
David Paganie
Director, Ofshore Conferences
PennWell
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CONTENTS
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ABOUT OFFSHORE ASIA
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WHY ATTEND?
BENEFITS OF ATTENDING OFFSHORE ASIA
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A WORLD-CLASS TECHNICAL CONFERENCE
Technical focus areas include:
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WHO ATTENDS
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OPERATORS PARTNER PROGRAM
DO YOU WORK FOR AN
OPERATING COMPANY?
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SCHEDULE OF EVENTS
MONDAY, FEBRUARY 20
10:00 17:00 Registration Open Registration Counter 2
TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 21
13:00 18:30 Exhibition Open Exhibition Hall 2
17:00 18:30 Opening Reception Exhibition Hall 2
WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 22
09:00 10:30 Opening Plenary Session Banquet Hall (Level 3)
10:30 18.00 Exhibition Open Exhibition Hall 2
10:30 11:30 Delegate Cofee Break Exhibition Hall 2
11:30 13:00 Conference Sessions 1 Rooms 401-402 & 403-404
13:00 14:30 Delegate Lunch Exhibition Hall 2
17:00 18:30 High Tea - Sponsored by MOSGC Exhibition Floor
THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 23
09.00 16.00 Exhibition Open Exhibition Hall 2
13:00 14:30 Delegate Lunch Exhibition Hall 2
16:00 16:15 Awards Ceremony & Closing remarks Rooms 401-402
EXHIBITION HOURS
Tuesday, February 21 13:00 - 18:30
Wednesday, February 22 10:30 - 18:00
Thursday, February 23 09:00 - 16:00
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REGISTRATION HOURS
Monday, February 20 10:00 - 17:00
Tuesday, February 21 08:00 - 18:30
Wednesday, February 22 08:30 - 18:00
Thursday , February 23 08:30 - 16:00
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CHOOSE FROM 4 SIMPLE WAYS TO REGISTER FOR THE OFFSHORE ASIA
CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION:
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REGISTER BY 21ST JANUARY 2012 FOR SAVINGS
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CONFERENCE DISCOUNT FOR ASSOCIATION MEMBERS
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See registration form on back page for delegate fees
HOW TO REGISTER
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_________________
CONFERENCE PROGRAM AT A GLANCE
TUESDAY 21 FEBRUARY 2012
E&P TECHNOLOGY TRACK LNG TRACK
1300 EXHIBITION OPENING
17001830 O|||||||||||||O|Spcrsc.eJbyO||St.tes
WEDNESDAY 22 FEBRUARY 2012
09001030 OPENING PLENARY
10301130 O||||b||A|Spcrsc.eJby.ne.cr
11301300 S|SS|O|1\e||crst.Jct|cr.rJ|.||||rgOpe..t|crs S|SS|O|1||OJt|ccks
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14301600 S|SS|O|2||pe||res..rspc.t.t|cr S|SS|O|2||p.re|
17001830 S|SS|O|3|.cJJct|crOpt|n|..t|cr S|SS|O|3|||es|gr
THURSDAY 23 FEBRUARY 2012
09001030 S|SS|O|4SJbse.ec|rc|cgy S|SS|O|4|||.ccess|rg|ssJes
11301300 S|SS|O|5||c.t|rg|.cJJct|crSystens S|SS|O|5||oJ|Js.rJ||Stc..ge
13001430 ||||
14301600 S|SS|O|6||se.ec|rc|cgy
16001615
A\A||S |||VO|+ A|| |OS|| ||VA||S,
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States
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OFFSHORE ASIA CONFERENCE PROGRAM
TUESDAY, 21 FEBRUARY 2012
WEDNESDAY, 22 FEBRUARY 2012
TRACK: E&P TRACK: LNG
10:30 11:30 COFFEE BREAK Sponsored by Cameron
13:00 14:30 DELGATE LUNCH
17001830 OPENING NIGHT RECEPTIONSpcrsc.eJbyO||St.tes
09001030 OPENING PLENARY
WELCOME & INTRODUCTIONV.|.v|J|.g.r|e,cr|e.erce||.ectc.,|err\e||c.pc..t|cr
WELCOME ADDRESS:|ep.esert.t|ve|.cn|ccrcn|c||.rr|rg|r|t,|.|neV|r|ste.s|ep..tnert,V.|.ys|.
UPSTREAM OUTLOOK:|x.n|r.t|crc||eyV..ket|.|ve.s,|r|Jerces.rJ.erJs,V.\||||c.|ey,Actecr.cJp
LNG OUTLOOK: V.. AtsJrc.|.keJc||,||e||ep.esert.t|ve,As|.|.c||c|eg|cr.|O|ce,ckyc.sc,|tJ
11301300 SESSION 1: WELL CONSTRUCTION/DRILLING
OPERATIONS
|.|.V.ber||n,Sc||Jnbe.ge.V.|.ys|.,
cc|.|.V.|.v|J|.g.r|e,|err\e||c.pc..t|cr
11301200 A Concept of Drilling Deepwater Wells with Riser
Margin and a Greatly Simplifed Well Design;
V.|cbe.t|eg|e.,|et.cr.s..|g.||
12001230 Geopressure Prediction Using Artifcial Intelligence
Modelling for Pre-Drilling Operations;
V.|...v|rt|.rVSA.JnJg.n,.||sn.rV.|.ys|.
12301300 13 3/8-in. Riser-less Subsea Casing Drilling
Campaign, A Step Change in Tophole Drilling
Performance;
V.ArJ.e.|...|s,esccS|rg.pc.e|te|tJ
A|te.r.te Meeting the Challenges of Deep Water, Large Bore
Gas Completions - Safety Systems;
V.|cbe.tVc|.r|e|,b.ke.|Jg|es|rc
SESSION 1: SESSION 1: LNG OUTLOOKS
|.|.V.\...er.Je,O||.s'cJ.r.|
Major LNG Liquefaction Projects in the Asia Pacifc;
V.StJ..t..ve.,.|rey,||reAsscc|.tes
How Asia Pacifc LNG Industry is Going to Play a Key Role in the
Global Arena;
V.SJn|t|Jn..|.JJ|J.|,|cb.||.t.
The Role of Flexible Trade in Meeting Asian LNG
Demand,
V.|.|s|c|nes,|J.v|re.t.|rc
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14301600 SESSION 2: PIPELINES & TRANSPORTATION
|.|.V.|cJreyS||be.ste|r,
A|\O|s|c.ec|tJ,
cc|.|.V.ec|Stcre,|ersper||n|teJ/
ArJ.e.|.|ne.Asscc|.tes
14301500 The SoftClamp system, a New Power Umbilical
Design for Medium Voltage Cables,
V.A.||J||gersc|cJ,Ake.Sc|Jt|crs
15001530 Pipeline Recovery and Decommissioning Ofshore

Brunei and Sarawak;
V.V..k\ccJ,||.stSJbse.|tJ
15301600 Collision and Oil Spill Risks in DP Shuttle Tanker
Direct Ofoading Operations;
|.|.|bc|er,||cyJs|eg|ste.Sc.rJpc.e.
A|te.r.te Improvement of Fatigue Characterisitcs of Pipeline

at Lateral Buckling Locations;
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17001830 SESSION 3: PRODUCTION OPTIMIZATION
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17001730 Design, Implementation and Evaluation of an
Open Hole Gravel Pack in Kikeh Field Deepwater
Malaysia.;
V.Scctt.c.Je.,VJ.p|yO||c.pc..t|cr
17301800 |mproved Reservoir Monitoring to Evaluate
a Marginal Ofshore Well within a Multidisciplinary
Team;
V.S.|||.esrc|..nbce|J||.||ev|,|V|V.|.cc.St..|t
18001830 Looking at Convective Heat Transfer in Tubing
Casing Annulus of Ofshore Oil Wells Through the
Lens of Well Integrity,
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|||O|AS(||,
A|te.r.te Produced Water Reinjection What determines
its Quality and What Strategy Can Be Employed if
Water Quality Falls Outside the Specifcation?
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SESSION 2: LNG PANEL
|.|.V.|.r|cge.s,||rgSp.|J|rg,S|rg.pc.e
SESSION 3: LNG Design
|.|.V.'c|rS|e|e|J,\||O`||crsJ|t.rcy,|crJcr
Development of Floating LNG Production Units with Modular/
Scalable SMR Processes;
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Guidelines for the Classifcation of FLNG: What Have Been the
Most Demanding Lines of Development For These Guidelines;
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Ofshore GBS LNG Liquecation Plant Design and Layout Challenges
for a Mid-Scale LNG Plant;
V.|ete.|..J|,\c.|ey|..scrsSe.v|ces|ty|tJ
FPSO/FLNG Noise and Vibration Control - From FEED Through EPC
to Commissioning;
V.O||v|e.\e.|r,\|b..tec
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09001030 SESSION 4: SUBSEA TECHNOLOGY
|.|.V.cry||rJ|.y,||Jc.O|s|c.eSc|Jt|crs,
cc|.|.V.V.Js|,e|ne|.rJ,|..nc|rg|ree.|rg
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09000930 Subsea Multiphase Pumping, Issues and Challenges;
|rg.S.nJe|OgbcJc,V.rpc.e.||
09301000 Subsea Wet Gas Compression A State of the Art
Update;
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SJrb|J
10001030 Subsea Multi Manifold Technology A System
Approach to Enhanced and Cost Efective Subsea
Production;
V.|JJ|s|.nV..,c|.r,|..nc|rg|ree.|rgAs|.
|.c||cSJrb|J
A|te.r.te Latest Developments in Acoustic Subsea Control
and Monitoring for the Drilling Industry;
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11301300 SESSION 5: FLOATING PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
|.|.V.\||||c.|ey,Actecr,
cc|.|.V.'csep|||cJsse.J,AbS|.c||c
11301200 A Comparative Review of Floating Production
and Drilling/Production Field Development
Alternatives for Ofshore Asia;
|.|e||\||||.ns,\|scrO|s|c.eV..|re|SA
12001230 Introduction to HVS Semi-Submersible Floating
Platform,
|.A||.rV.gee,ec|r|p
12301300 Production and Mooring System for Marginal Fields;
V.|cJg|.s|.v|Jscr,Vcc.|rgsSystens|tJ
A|te.r.te Making the Case for Appraisal & Early
Development Systems;
V.|.v|J|e||c.es,'Jst|re.gy|te|tJ
SESSION 4: LNG PROCESSING ISSUES

|.|.V.\...er|.Je,O||.s'cJ.r.|
Pretreatment Options for Floating LNG Plants;
|rg.|.v|J|...,|O|V.|.ys|.,Sb
APCI - TBD
Introducing Flexibility into FLNG Topside Plant Designs;
V.\|rceAtn.|c.,'c|rscrV.tt|ey.t.|ysts
SESSION 5: LIQUIDS AND LNG STORAGE
|.|.b|
Condensate: Revenue Insurance for Uncertain Future LNG Prices;
V.A|.cre.,As|.|.c||c|re.gycrsJ|t|rg
Enhancing Revenue by Processing Associated Gas Condensate
Rather than Mixing and Selling Stabilised Condensate with Crude Oil
- A Case Study;
V.SJb|.,|t|.s,O|||.tJ..|.sc.pc..t|cr|tJ
TBD;
V.'c|rS|e|e|J,\||O`||crsJ|t.rcy,|crJcr
THURSDAY, 23 FEBRUARY 2012
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TRACK: E&P
13:00 14:30 DELGATE LUNCH
1600 1615 A\A||S |||VO|+ A|| |OS|| ||VA||S |A\|| |AA|||, O||||||| ||||O|, ||||\||| O||O|A|O|
14301600 SESSION 6: RISER TECHNOLOGY
|.|.V.ec|Stcre,|ersper||n|teJ/ArJ.e.|.|ne.Asscc|.tes,
cc|.|.|..egc.y||J,As|.r|rst|tJtec|ec|rc|cgy
14301500 Riser Confgurations for Challenging Deepwater Asian felds;
V.|er.|Vc..rJ,ec|r|p
15001530 SCR Design and Analysis for Deepwater Applications;
|. +crgn|rg |erg, ||c|tec| |rte.r.t|cr.| |rg|ree.|rg, |rc
15301600 An Innovative Riser Tower System;
V. '|n +J, |rtecse., \c.|ey|..scrs .cJp
A|te.r.te Advances in Intervention-less Latching Mechanism Technology for Risers;
|.'c|rS|..,||.stSJbse.
ADVISORY BOARD MEMBERS
V.|.|eb..J|c.J,VJ.p|yO||c.pc..t|cr
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OPENING NIGHT RECEPTION
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FLOOR PLAN
HOW TO EXHIBIT
FOR A FULL LIST OF EXHIBITORS, PROVIDERS AND SERVICES, VISIT WWW.OFFSHOREASIAEVENT.COM
GAIN ACCESS TO KEY DECISION MAKERS IN THE OFFSHORE E&P INDUSTRY
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Michael Yee
+6596168080
|+6567340655
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Jane Bailey
44(0,1992656651
|+44(0,1992656700
|,.reb,perr.e||ccn
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Sue Neighbors
+17139636256
|+17139636212
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Asc|4|cvenbe.2011
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____________________________
14 www. offshoreasi aevent. com
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For further information or questions please contact:
Tel: +1 877 214 8364
Fax: +1 888 783 4305
E-mail: content@offshoreasiaevent.com
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SPONSORS
Owned and Produced by:
Presented by:
Supporting Organizations:
Media Supporters:
Supported by:
Technology Sponsor: Gold Sponsor: Coffee Break Sponsor:
Rigs World
NATURALGAS
A S I A
Asc|4|cvenbe.2011
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HOW TO GET THERE
Ofshore Asia
Hall 2, KLCC Convention Centre
KLCC Convention Centre,
Kuala Lumpur City Centre,
50088 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
e|+60323332888
|.x+60323332800
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ORGANISER CONTACTS
Exhibition Sales Team
EMEA
Jane Bailey
T: +44 (0) 1992 656 651
F: +44 (0) 1992 656 700
E: janeb@pennwell.com
Asia Pacifc
Michael Yee
T: +65 9616 8080
F: +65 6734 0655
E: yfyee@singnet.com.sg
The Americas
Sue Neighbors
T: +1 713 963 6256
F: +1 713 963 6212
E: sneighbors@pennwell.com
Conference Director
David Paganie
T: +1 713 963 6217
F: +1 713 963 6296
E: davidp@pennwell.com
Conference Manager
Jenny Phillips
T: +44 (0) 1992 656 629
F: +44 (0) 1992 656 700
E: jennyp@pennwell.com
Marketing Manager
Neil Walker
T: +44 (0) 1992 656 643
F: +44 (0) 1992 656 700
E: neilw@pennwell.com
Exhibitor Services Manager
Karina Pharoah
T: +44 (0) 1992 656 615
F: +44 (0) 1992 656 700
E: karinap@pennwell.com
Operations Manager
Stefan Tebbenhof
T: +44 (0) 1992 656 715
F: +44 (0) 1992 656 700
E: stefant@pennwell.com
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__________________________
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FOR MORE INFORMATION PLEASE CONTACT:
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HOTEL BOOKING FORM
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Discount rates are only available from Events in Focus, the Ofcial Housing Agent
DELEGATE INFORMATION Please fll in BLOCK LETTERS (Please fll in one registration form per delegate)
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GUEST INFORMATION SELECT ONE: |x||b|tc. AtterJee Ot|e.
BOOKING CONDITIONS
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..J|Jnbe. |xp|.y|.te____/____
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First Name: Last Name:
Position:
Company:
Complete Mailing Address:
Postal code:
Country Code: Telephone: Fax:
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Registrationconfrnationwilloesentvia-enail,ifuniqueenailaddressisprovidedaoove
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0IIshore As|a
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21-23 February 2012
KLCC - Convention Center, Kuala Lumpur
Method of Payment:
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CreditCardhunoer.______________________________________ Expiration Date.__________________
Fullhane(asitappearsoncard. _________________________________________________________
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(Required for credit card payment)
4. Purchasing Role: 508pecif] 51Reconnend 52Aprove 58Purchase 99hone
1.lndividualDelegate(FullConferenceRegistration*
lncludes.
Access to all Conference 8essions
Access to the Exhioition Hall
Coffee Breaks in Exhioition Hall
Delegate lunch on wednesda] and Thursda] (Ticketed
Conference Proceedings
Paid B] 28 Januar] 2012 f595
Paid After 28 Januar] 2012 f750
2.CorporatePlan(5delegateslncludes.
Paid B] 28 Januar] 2012 f2,520
Paid After 28 Januar] 2012 f8,195
CorporatePlan(Oto10delegates
Paid B] 28 Januar] 2012 f4,410
Paid After 28 Januar] 2012 f5,585
0peratorPartnerProgran(UnlinitedDelegates
Unlinited Delegates* f2,000
*0PP registration is checked to confrn applicant is fron
approvedoperatorinordertoqualif]fordiscount
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toaccesstotheconferenceatadiscountedrate
lncludes.
Access to the Exhioition Hall, including nove-in and
nove-out
Paid B] 28 Januar] 2012 f825
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Thursda]lncludes.
Access to Conference 8essions on the corresponding da]
luncheon on corresponding da] (Ticketed
wednesda], Paid B] 28 Januar] 2012 f295
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suoscription to 0il and 0as Journal (U8$O9.00 value.
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contact Jenn] Phillips
Phone. +44 (01992 O5O O29
Enail.attendingoa@pennwell.con
3 ways to register:
Pre-registeronlineoefore
1OFeoruar]2012
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1 Fax:
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Toll-Free (U8 onl]. +1 888 299 8057
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guaranteed on charge card until proof of payment is provided.
Make cheque payable to PennWell/Offshore Asia 2012.
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of registration fee. After 27 January 2012 , no refunds will be
permitted. Substitutions may be made at any time by contacting
the registration offce in writing.
1. Primary business activity:
02Najoroil&gasoperatingconpan]
08lndependentoil&gasconpan]
04 hational / state oil conpan]
07 Drilling / drilling contractor
51Consultingconpan]engagedinprojectsor
providing services to oil and/or gas conpanies
09 EPC / Nain contractor
89Engineeringconpan]
08 8uocontractor
108eisnicconpan]
29 Pipeline / installation contractor
87 8uppl] conpan]
41 Narine support services
8OEquipnentnanufacturingconpan]
88 8ervice conpan]
11 8hip / faorication ]ard
12lnsuranceorfnancialservices
18 Educational institution / govt agenc] /
researchlao
98 0ther __________________________
2. Job title:
40 Executive Nanagenent
41 Nanagenent
89Engineer
48 Field professional
45 Purchasing
48 Consultant
4O 0eologist or 0eoph]sicist
47 0ther _______________________
3. Areas of Interest/Involvement
10Exploration
01Production
28 Pipeline/Transportation
89Financial
05Drilling
290asProcessing
19 lh0
4O 0ther _____________
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ANYWHERE
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SUBSEA
F
rom pressure and temperature infor-
mation to sand erosion and corrosion
monitoring, operators today know
more about the inner depths of their
oil and gas reservoirs than ever.
Such has been the speed of these technol-
ogy developments around reservoir monitor-
ing that many well intervention techniques,
such as logging, perforating and plug setting,
and impeded wellbore access (through sand
eroded components for example) mercifully
are becoming less and less frequent.
Despite these developments, however,
there remains one missing downhole reser-
voir monitoring element multi-phase me-
ters and the ability to measure multi-phase
fow downhole.
Multi-phase meters today provide crucial
real-time information on fow conditions in
the reservoir and are an important alterna-
tive to traditional well testing.
Through the accurate characterization of
multi-phase fows, the meters can determine
maximum oil production and gas handling
capacity and can provide early warnings on
threats to production, such as water break-
through.
As of 2010, there were 3,314 multi-phase
meters and wet gas meters installed world-
wide, according to Gioia Falcone of Texas
A&M University and Bob Harrison from
Soluzioni Idrocarburi Srl. This fgure is ex-
pected to double over the next 10 years.
Recent technical developments include
the ability to mix effects and velocity profles
and to detect changes in fuid composition
more rapidly using more compact versions.
Furthermore, today there are multi-phase
meters for all types of feld conditions, cov-
ering the full operating range of 0 -100% wa-
tercut and 0 - 100% gas void fraction.
However, for all this progress, there is one
crucial piece of information that multi-phase
meters have not delivered consistently until
now - the fow from individual wells and well
zones downhole. The need for this infor-
mation has increased all the more with the
move towards complex well architectures.
Complex well architectures
The last few years have seen a growth in
different types of well architectures, includ-
ing multi-lateral, horizontal and multi-zone
wells, and intelligent completions. In many
cases, the rationale has been to increase well
exposure, extend well reach and productivity,
and reduce capital and operating costs.
Multi-lateral well technology from a single
wellbore, for example, requires fewer pro-
duction well slots to drain a reservoir, result-
ing in reduced subsea infrastructure costs,
reduced costs for top-hole drilling, and ac-
celerated production. Today, there are multi-
lateral well examples throughout the world
from Statoils Glitne and Sleipner develop-
ments on the North Sea to Petrobras devel-
opments in the Campos basin where Level 5
multi-lateral wells are deployed.
Extended reach wells have led to multiple
production targets as well as an operator re-
quirement to pinpoint production data not
only from each wellhead but from each pro-
ducing zone.
In such circumstances, real-time monitor-
ing of downhole oil, gas, and water fows can
improve production by providing input to
the use of infow control valves, for example.
Furthermore, if a gas or water cone is de-
tected in a multi-lateral well, such informa-
tion can lead to the closure of an individual
well where the incident occurs, rather than
the complete well as is often the case.
While downhole multi-phase monitoring
has been a focus for many years, to date, the
direct monitoring of multi-phase fows has
been hindered by a variety of factors ranging
from cost to concerns over accuracy and the
extreme conditions downhole. The result is
that often multi-phase meters have provided
only data on total production fow from all
wells rather than fow from specifc zones.
Flow sensor system
Against this backdrop, Emerson has de-
veloped a new fow sensor system that gen-
erates multi-phase fow measurements from
downhole in the well.
The new system Roxar Downhole Flow
Sensor System can generate multi-phase
measurements, including fuid fractions and
fow rates, from either single bore or multi-
lateral confgurations. This allows operators
to control multiple production wells, measure
the individual fow zones of oil, gas and water,
and to establish optimum fow rate control.
Typical applications include zonal allocation
in multi-zone wells where the downhole sen-
sor can help allocate production from different
zones; improved assessments of well produc-
tivity; reduced need for alternative well testing
requirements; and improved production log-
ging that provides more details on fuid dis-
tributions. This is important in horizontal and
deviated wells where well deviations result in
more unpredictable fow regimes.
Probably the most important application is
detecting threats to production. If there is water
breakthrough or gas encroachment in a par-
ticular well, for example, the problem can be
New sensor system generates
multi-phase measurements downhole
Multi-phase metering becomes a bigger challenge in multi-lateral wells and complex production
architecture.
Terje Baustad
Emerson Process
Management
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CONNECT with
PENNWELLS OFFSHORE EVENTS!
PennWells Offshore Events cover key issues, trends and technologies relative to offshore oil and gas E&P operations. Covering
every aspect of the offshore industry including topsides, platforms and hulls, subsea tiebacks, deepwater production, operations and
exploration and technologies. With events all over the world, PennWells Offshore events bring together global attendees representing
operators, contractors and equipment manufacturers from key regions in the industry.
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SUBSEA
detected early and only the branch of the well in
question closed rather than the complete well.
Other production anomalies or warnings
of transient behavior such as slugs also can
be detected earlier. Actions, such as injecting
water or gas into the reservoir for improved
sweep effciency, also can be monitored and
the injection rate in each individual reservoir
layer closely controlled. In this way, many of
the causes for well intervention can be miti-
gated and any remedial action localized.
The new measurement principle is based
on an electrode geometry sensor which al-
lows for capacitance and conductivity mea-
surements in separate sectors, in addition to
the full cross-sectional area. This results in
more combinations and more accurate frac-
tion and phase measurements.
Rather than being able to perform only cross-
sectional measurements, for example, the meter
can perform both rotational near wall measure-
ments and cross-volume measurements, there-
by providing a comprehensive mapping of the
fow regimes downhole. The meter is designed
to handle all types of downhole fow regimes,
from horizontal laminar fow to fully developed
vertical annular fow.
The new system includes a new water cut
measurement tool based on dual velocity mea-
surements and a density sensor which mea-
sures the density of the fuid using gamma rays.
Providing the necessary robustness to op-
erate in extreme conditions was a key design
requirement. To this end, the sensor system
uses state-of-the-art electronic components,
rigorously selected and tested. The frst series
tools are qualifed to operate at pressures and
temperatures of up to 10,000 psi and 150 C
(300 F) for at least 20 continuous years.
Easy, fexible installation also was factored
in, with the need to avoid subsea interven-
tions, to have a small footprint to accommo-
date limited well space, and to avoid danger
of infuencing fow regimes.
The tool, which measures 3.5 in. and has
a -in. cable, is compact and easy to install
and can be ftted in both short zones between
packers and in 7-in. liner/casing. Measure-
ments are performed in the tubing through
non-intrusive sensors and the system is
modular. Users can pick the tool combination
which best suits their needs.The system can
be ftted to existing subsea control systems
without the need for modifcation.
Integration downhole
The main design philosophy behind the
new multi-phase fow sensor system is that it
should be just one element of a broader and
integrated downhole monitoring solution.
For example, the fow sensor system is a key
element of a fully integrated Intelligent Down-
hole Network (IDN), which allows operators to
install up to 32 instruments on a single cable,
all of which provide information to help manage
a range of production wells or separate zones
simultaneously. The intelligent network can act
as a hub for downhole choke position indica-
tors, for additional third-party sensors and for
the transmission of power and data.
Multi-phase measurements downhole can
also be integrated with data from other in-
strumentation for more intelligent downhole
reservoir management. Threats to produc-
tion, for example, can be detected downhole
by the multi-phase meter and then pinpoint-
ed even further by other downhole sensors.
Find the missing part
Downhole monitoring always has played
a key role in fow assurance, negating the
need for well intervention and ensuring
a more effcient and effective production
process. Just as temperature and pressure
measurements can now be taken from all ar-
eas of the reservoir, the measuring of multi-
phase rates downhole, and information on
water, oil, gas fractions and fow velocity are
another missing part of the jigsaw fnally be-
ing addressed.
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FLOWLI NES AND PI PELI NES
Pipeline management system
enhances inspection results
Holistic approach yields better data and optimizes technology
Rachel Boyle
Lloyds Register
O
ffshore operators often fail to fully
beneft from their pipeline inspection
programs. In so doing, they are ef-
fectively leaving money on the table,
because an effective pipeline integri-
ty management system (PIMS) captures all
the benefts of an inspection and enhances
the value of an asset throughout its lifecycle.
A well designed and managed pipeline
integrity program reduces scheduled and
unscheduled downtime and improves HSE
performance. It also helps to assure greater
value for money on inspection and mainte-
nance programs; yields auditable data to
demonstrate regulatory and internal com-
pliance; drives a more effcient steward-
ship of assets and resources; improves risk
management and preparedness; enhances
corporate governance; and promotes opera-
tional confdence.
At the bottom line, it helps to increase
uptime and productivity, extend the life of
pipeline assets and signifcantly improves
business performance and the return on in-
vestment.
The costs associated with pipeline failures
or unplanned shutdowns are high in terms
of lost production and repairs. HSE prob-
lems can raise those costs to another level. A
fully implemented PIMS can prevent many
of the failures, incidents, and shutdowns
that typically occur on less well-managed
pipelines. Distilled to its essence, PIMS is
a comprehensive risk-assessment program.
Risk assessment
The general categories of risk for offshore
pipelines are well known and documented in
a study prepared for the U.S. Minerals Man-
agement Service in 2000 and in the PARLOC
studies in the North Sea. These studies ana-
lyzed thousands of incidents involving haz-
ardous liquid and natural gas pipelines, in-
cluding risers and other components that
occurred between 1984 and 2000. The prin-
cipal causes of these incidents were internal
and external corrosion, material defects,
defects from construction or installation,
equipment malfunction, operator error, and
damage from outside forces. These risks all
can be mitigated by managing the integrity
of the pipeline, provided they are accurately
identifed and assessed.
While risk assessment can be conducted
at any time during a pipelines operational
life, and becomes a continuous process in an
ongoing PIMS program, it is most effective
when started during the design stage. Risks
identifed during the design stage can be
mitigated or eliminated with modifcations
that also reduce future operating costs.
Strategies also can be developed for man-
aging any additional risks. For example,
careful monitoring of risks during construc-
tion and installation will help to ensure that
the condition of the pipeline is thoroughly
documented when it is commissioned and
put into service. A complete dossier of ac-
curate data about a pipelines design, startup
condition, and subsequent operational his-
tory is of great value when setting up and
operating an effective PIMS.
Risk assessment is also the starting point
for establishing a PIMS for operational pipe-
lines, following the same methods used for
new pipelines. The process begins with a re-
view of the design and condition data, such
as inspection and maintenance reports, as
well as operating procedures and HSE sys-
tems. Further inspections and testing may
be needed for a complete baseline condition
profle. Gap analysis then pinpoints vulner-
abilities and defciencies, and also identifes
strengths, which are built upon. This is fol-
lowed by an assessment of the probability
and consequences of every potential failure,
which may be conducted with the assistance
of risk-based mechanical integrity (RBMI)
software. The results are summarized in a
probability/consequence matrix that clearly
ranks each risk. These rankings are used
to determine inspection and maintenance
priorities and to recommend changes in
operating and management procedures.
The areas of risk that present a high prob-
ability of failure with severe consequences
are fagged for diligent monitoring and a
higher frequency of inspections, perhaps
using sophisticated technologies. Risks with
a low probability of occurrence and minor
consequences simply may be ignored until
a failure occurs.
Risk assessment fndings may lead to rec-
ommendations for bespoke inspection pro-
grams. For a new pipeline, the assessment
This picture, from an ROV inspection in the Gulf
of Mexico, shows anode wastage with approxi-
mately 50% deterioration. A pipeline integrity
management system (PIMS) captures all the
benefits of an inspection and enhances the
value of an asset throughout its lifecycle.
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MARCH 6 8, 2012
Moody Gardens Hotel & Convention Center
Galveston, Texas
2 0 1 2 S U B S E A T I E B A C K F O R U M & E X H I B I T I O N
Owned &
Produced by Presented by Supported by
In recent years, the subsea industry has seen many technology challenges, engineering demands, resource availability
issues, Quality Assurance requirements, manufacturing constraints, and most recently, changes in the governmental
regulatory agencies affecting existing standards and/or processes. The Subsea Tieback Forum & Exhibition will provide
information and the opportunity for you to exchange ideas to address many of these concerns and challenges.
The Subsea Tieback Forum & Exhibition has become the premier event for one of the fastest growing sectors of the oil
and gas industry. Next years Subsea Tieback Forum & Exhibition is scheduled for March 6-8, 2012 in Galveston, TX
at the Moody Gardens Hotel & Convention Center. Visit www.subseatiebackforum.com for up-to-date information
about the event. You cant afford to miss it!
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FLOWLI NES AND PI PELI NES
will yield clear risk rankings and inspection
priorities, along with a highly optimized
frequency schedule. An in-service pipeline
that lacks adequate documentation of its
operations could make risk rankings prob-
lematic, so more frequent inspections may
be required.
As the operator gains confdence in the
data, the inspection program can be op-
timized. Where good documentation is
available for an existing pipeline, including
complete inspection records, the informa-
tion will support risk rankings that allow op-
timization, which in some cases may lower
inspection frequency or alter the techniques
used.
There is no universally recognized stan-
dard for offshore pipeline inspection pro-
grams and the overall safety management
of pipeline systems. Regulatory agencies in
various regions require operators to prove
initially that a pipeline is safe and ft for
purpose and to report certain information,
such as results of cathodic protection tests,
at regular intervals. Otherwise, the inspec-
tion and maintenance of offshore pipelines
is left to the discretion of individual opera-
tors. It is thus essential that operators un-
derstand their risks, assess and rank them
accurately, and establish inspection pro-
grams that use the right methods and tools
to yield data that represent the conditions
of their pipelines.
Commensurate results
Pipeline integrity is commonly viewed as
a technical matter mainly involving inspec-
tions. The available technology is impressive.
Sophisticated fow modeling and probabilis-
tic analysis are available for risk assessment.
Intelligent pigs snake though pipelines car-
rying many highly sensitive instruments.
Remotely operated vehicles fy along risers
and pipeline routes to look for coating dam-
age, external corrosion, leakage, scour and
spanning, while also gathering side-scan so-
nar images. Chemical analysis of effuent can
detect evidence of corrosion if pigging is not
possible.
Yet the results often do not refect the
state-of-the-art technology we employ to as-
sess risks and determine the condition of
our pipelines. The number of failures and in-
cidents remains stubbornly high. If it were
mainly a matter of technology, the advances
should have brought similar improvements.
Experience suggests that how the tech-
nology is used and managed plays a critical
role. To achieve the best results, we must
fully understand what data we need, select
the right tools and procedures to obtain it,
interpret it correctly, act upon the fndings,
and use the lessons learned to improve our
PIMS performance. All of this requires a
level of expertise that lies outside the core
competencies of many pipeline operators.
Pipeline inspection is often seen as a cost-
ly imposition done mainly to satisfy regulato-
ry or internal corporate demands in other
words, to put a check in a box. Only fndings
of serious defects prompt further action.
This short-term mindset fails to see inspec-
tions as a vital part of a comprehensive pro-
cess to maintain the long-term integrity of
the pipeline its continuing availability and
ftness for service. In the absence of serious
defects, the inspection results are consigned
to a shelf without further review and never
again consulted.
Offshore pipeline inspection can be ex-
pensive. ROV visual inspection usually re-
quires support vessels, with attendant day
rates. Inspections performed as an exercise
without commitment to pipeline integrity
are simply wasteful.
Using intelligent pigs and instrumented
ROVs in this context may provide a feeling
of assurance. But, in reality, it can simply
amplify the waste. Even a carefully opti-
mized inspection program can be wasteful if
the data is used only to assess a pipelines
condition. We should get more from our ef-
forts than a check in a box and a binder on
a shelf.
Integrity management can increase the
value of the investment in monitoring, in-
specting, and maintaining pipelines. The
PIMS perspective is comprehensive and
long-term. Since the integrity of a system
involves each individual component, PIMS
evaluation and monitoring covers every part
and piece of equipment associated with a
pipeline pig launchers and receivers, me-
tering skids, instrumentation and controls,
structural supports, welds and connectors,
and coatings. Operating and environmental
factors such as fuid composition, the fow
regime and throughput volumes, the poten-
tial for fuid accumulation and slugging, sea-
bed topography, seawater temperature, sa-
linity and oxygen content, and the strength
of currents are all considered in assessing
risks and are then monitored for changes.
Measurement and analysis are not limited
to physical components and environmental
factors in a PIM program. All aspects of how
a pipeline system is operated and managed
are scrutinized to identify elements of risk
and opportunities for improvement. HSE
policies and procedures are closely ana-
lyzed and many other factors that affect sys-
tem integrity are also considered, including
hiring qualifcations and personnel training,
compensation and incentives, supervisory
organization and approach, data collection
and documentation, and even supply chain
and contractor management. Gaps and def-
ciencies identifed in these and other areas
represent opportunities to further reduce
risk and improve performance.
Diligence
and continuity
The area where a PIMS can have the
greatest positive impact, however, is in the
quality of inspection data and its benefcial
uses. In many instances, inspections do
not target the areas that will yield the most
useful data. Or if they do, the tools or tech-
niques may not be the best ones to measure
those parameters accurately; or the instru-
mentation may not be calibrated correctly to
provide measurements within a useful range
of tolerances. Optimizing the inspection pro-
cess for data quality and utility demands a
level of expertise that may be diffcult for
individual pipeline operators to maintain. In
such cases, it often is worth the effort and
expense to bring in a qualifed consultant.
Securing appropriate and accurate inspec-
tion data remains just a technical exercise,
however, if the data is not used to maxi-
mum beneft. Putting the data to good use
is part of the comprehensive nature of a
sound integrity management program. Spot-
ting defects and impending accidents is, of
course, primary and of urgent importance.
This information, particularly if it can be re-
viewed in the context of previous inspection
records, will determine whether remedial
or mitigating actions are required. If no ac-
tionable defects are found, the data provides
proof to senior management, regulators, and
other stakeholders that the pipeline remains
ft for purpose.
When current data is then added to the
historical record of the pipelines condition
going back to the inauguration of the PIMS,
the continuous record can be used to reas-
sess risks and to confrm or modify risk
rankings. It also can be used to assess the
PIMS performance and determine whether
it should be adjusted or changed. A length-
ening record of clean inspections may allow
for benefcial changes in operating parame-
ters and procedures or a relaxed inspection
frequency, measures that lower costs. Re-
ducing an annual visual ROV inspection to
biannual, for example, could save hundreds
of thousands of dollars. Changes of this sort,
however, can only be justifed by a continu-
ous data record.
Diligence and continuity are key aspects
of a successful PIM program. Details must
receive due attention. Records must be thor-
ough and complete. Confdence based on
poorly managed inspections is always over-
confdence. Failure to review and maintain
data continuously will ultimately compro-
mise the ongoing inspection process so that
it loses much of its value and further effort
is wasted.
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21 - 23 February 2012
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DEVELOPING ASIAS
ENERGY RESOURCES
Owned and Produced by: Presented by: Supported by: Supporting Organizations:
SUBSEA TECHNOLOGY
TOPSIDES
MULTIPHASE PUMPING
CONSTRUCTION INSTALLATION
DEEPWATER INTERVENTION
DECOMMISSIONING
FLOW LINES & PIPELINES
RISK MANAGEMENT
LNG
FINANCE
|e.rrJ.|O|s|c.eAs|.cr|e.erce|x||b|t|cr.en.|rst|e|e.J|rgscJ.cec||r|c.n.t|crcrre.
tec|rc|cgy.rJcpe..t|rgexpe.t|se|c.t|eAs|.|.c||c.eg|cr
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.rJp.cJJct|cr.ct|v|ty.c.csst|eert|.e.eg|cr
For full conference program and how to register visit www.ofshoreasiaevent.com
Who Attends Ofshore Asia
|rJJst.y|e.Je.s.|cseek|r|c.n.t|crcrene.g|rgtec|rc|cg|es|rc.Je.tcp|.r
|JtJ.ecpe..t|crs
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.eg|cr.|cpe..tc.s
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crsJ|t.rts.|creeJtcst.y.b.e.stc||rJJst.y.rJ.eg|cr.|t.erJs
bJs|ress|eve|cpnertV.r.ge.s
Do you work for an Operating company?
||ycJ.rs.e.eJ+|St|erycJ.ccnp.ryoJ.|||es|c.t|eOpe..tc.s|..tre.|.cg..n|
SerJJr||n|teJJe|eg.tes|c.2,000|
The more delegates you send, the more you save!
For more details on the Operator Partner Program visit www.ofshoreasiaevent.com
Dont miss this annual gathering of ofshore industry professionals
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C o n f e r e n c e & E x hi b i t i o n
January 31 February 2, 2012 . Hilton New Orleans Riverside . New Orleans, Loui siana USA
Join hundreds of colleagues and exhibiting companies for this high-level technical conference and exhibition and connect
with key decision makers and technical experts directly involved in the topsides industry. Over three days, Topsides,
Platforms & Hulls will feature presentations covering technical issues, business challenges and future trends, plus showcase
an exhibition of products and services from dozens of key engineering frms, contractors, suppliers and service providers.
www. To p s i d e s E v e nt . c o m
OWNED &
PRODUCED BY PRESENTED BY SUPPORTED BY HOSTED BY
TECHNOLOGY
SPONSOR
GOLD
SPONSOR
COFFEE BREAK
SPONSOR
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& CONTINENTAL
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SPONSOR
Follow us on: www.offshoreoilevents.com
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___________________________
27 29 November 2012
Perth Convention Exhibition Centre
Perth, Australia
www.deepoffshoretechnology.com
2012 call for papers
Hosted By:
Owned & Produced By: Presented By: Supported By:
developing
for frontier regions Technologies
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The Advisory Board of DOT International the leading global conference & exhibition for deepwater and ultra deepwater
exploration and production invites you to submit an abstract and share your knowledge, experience, and ideas with leading
technological experts and strategic decision-makers.
The conference topics for DOT 2012 reect the industrys increasing demand for new technology and services to safely and
efciently grow the global reserves base from the worlds most prolic, and prospective, resource play deepwater.
call for papers
CALL FOR ABSTRACTS
The Advisory Board of DOT International the leading
global conference & exhibition for deep and ultra-deepwater
exploration and production is now accepting paper
abstracts for the 2012 Conference.
We invite you to submit an abstract and share your
knowledge, experience and ideas with technical and strategic
decision-makers and strategists.
This conference is a great opportunity to network with
leading organizations and high level inuencers and for you
to represent your company at the most prestigious event for
the industry.
ABSTRACT SUBMISSION DEADLINE:
26 MARCH 2012
WHO WILL BE YOUR AUDIENCE?
Oil & Gas industry professionals, experts and managers,
including:
Industry leaders who seek information and
technologies for future operations
Senior decision makers from international and regional
operators
Oil and gas operating companies
Service and equipment suppliers
Engineering and construction companies
Contractors
Consultants
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To submit an abstract go to www.deepoffshoretechnology.com
Deadline: 26 March 2012
conference topics
Floating Production Facilities
Lessons Learned - Field Development
Browneld Development
Multi-Field Development
Lessons Learned in Deepwater Operations
Marginal Field Development & Maximization
Production Optimization
Field Architecture & Development Concepts
Technology Qualication and Implementation
Subsea Technology
Subsea Boosting & Processing
Long Distance Subsea Tiebacks
Risers & Riser Technology
Arctic Technology
Flow Assurance
Flowlines & Pipelines
Well Construction / Drilling Technology
HP/HT Drilling & Completion
Completion Design in Deepwater
Subsea Intervention
Mooring & Station-Keeping
Advanced Materials
Construction / Installation
Risk & Reliability
Technology Development Initiatives
Project Execution & Management
Workforce Resource Issues
HSE
Gas Development
Floating LNG
Model Testing & Response Prediction
Subsea Well Intervention
Oil Spill Recovery & Containment
Emergency Response Technology
Project Financing
Regulatory Compliance
Geology & Geophysics
Training & Development
Asset Integrity
Reservoir Monitoring & Control
Pipeline Installation
Enhanced Oil Recovery
Subsea Increased Oil Recovery
Decommissioning
Production Operations
Downhole Monitoring & Control
Reservoir Simulation
Geotechnical Challenges & Solutions
Regional Challenges & Trends
Trends in Deepwater Exploration & Production
Operational Readiness in Frontier Regions
Environmental Challenges for Gas Projects
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ABSTRACT SUBMITTAL PROCEDURE
Should you wish to submit an abstract for consideration,
please follow the procedures below.
ABSTRACT DEADLINE: 26 MARCH 2012
All abstracts must be submitted using the on-line form
found on the DOT International web site:
The main body of your abstract should be between 150
and 300 words. For full guidelines and requirements,
please visit the DOT International website:
www.deepoffshoretechnology.com under the
conference section.
STEP-BY-STEP PROCEDURE:
go to www.deepoffshoretechnology.com
click on submit abstract in the left navigation bar
complete the required elds
press submit
relax, your abstract has been submitted!
Please submit your abstract ONLY ONCE and wait for the
automatic e-mail conrmation.
ABSTRACT DEADLINE: 26 MARCH 2012
Exhibit Sales and Corporate Sponsorship:
Ana Monteiro
Southern & Eastern Europe & Africa
T: +44 (0) 1992 656 658
F: +44 (0) 1992 656 700
E: anam@pennwell.com
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Americas
T: +1 713 963 6256
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E: sneighbors@pennwell.com
Michael Yee
Asia Pacic
T: +65 9616 8080
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E: yfyee@singnet.com.sg
Conference: Marketing:
Niki Vrettos
Conference Manager
T: +44 (0) 1992 656 630
F: +44 (0) 1992 656 700
E: dotconference@pennwell.com
AnNicole Faeth
Marketing Manager
T: +1 918 832 9347
F: +1 918 832 9274
E: annicolef@pennwell.com
contacts
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INVESTING IN
OFFSHORE
MATTERS
CALL FOR ABSTRACTS
DEADLINE EXTENSION
DEADLINE FOR SUBMITTAL: 19 December 2011
The Adv|sory Oomm|ttee ol Ollshore M|dd|e East 2013 has extended the
OllshoreM|dd|eEastOa||lorPapersdead||neto19December2011.
We|nv|teyoutosubm|tanabstractlorOllshoreM|dd|eEast2013andshare
your know|edge, exper|ence and so|ut|ons w|th |ndustry co||eagues lrom
aroundthewor|d.
Prov|d|ngap|atlormlortechno|ogyexchangeandnewbus|nessdeve|opment,
Ollshore M|dd|e East w||| lor the lrst t|me |nc|ude a Gas lndustry Operat|ons
track, prov|d|ng a comprehens|ve dua|-track conlerence cover|ng a|| aspects
olnatura|gasandgas||qu|dsaspartolth|stechn|ca|track,para||e|w|ththe
upstream and exp|orat|on emphas|s, seen at prev|ous Ollshore M|dd|e East
events.
Tohaveyourpresentat|oncons|deredlorthetechn|ca|sess|onprogram,p|ease
subm|t your 150 - 400 word abstract on one or more ol the techn|ca| locus
areas||stedatwww.ollshorem|dd|eeast.comby19December2011
For further information and to submit an abstract please visit:
www.offshoremiddleeast.com
21 - 23 JANUARY 2013
QATAR NATIONAL CONVENTION CENTRE
DOHA, QATAR
WWW.OFFSHOREMIDDLEEAST.COM
OWNEDANDPRODOEDBY: PRESENTEDBY: SPPORTEDBY:
UNDER THE PATRONAGE OF
H.E. Dr. Mohammed Bin Saleh Al-Sada
Minister of Energy & Industry
State of Qatar
ORGANIZED BY:
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______________________________
BUSI NESS BRI EFS
People
UTEC Survey International has appointed
Kevin McBarron as managing director for
the U.K., Mediterranean, and West Africa
regions.
Liu Guo Yuan has been appointed chair-
man, non-independent and non-executive
director of COSCO.
Cummins Inc. has appointed Jim Lyons as
VP chief manufacturing offcer.
EGS Electrical Group has appointed Ri-
cardo Mejia to VP of performance excellence.
Atlas has appointed Stewart Buchanan as
the new product development manager.
Norbar Torque Tools has announced that
Catherine Rohll has been appointed to the
board as commercial director, and Craig
Brodey has been appointed commercial direc-
tor for Australia beginning in January 2012.
Sino Gas And Energy Holdings Ltd. has
appointed Peter Mills to the board as a non-
executive director.
Lamprell has appointed Jonathan Cooper
to the board of directors as CFO, and Scott
Doak has stepped down from
the board and has assumed
the role of integration and
development director.
The Abu Dhabi National
Energy Co. (TAQA) has
appointed Carl Sheldon as
CEO.
RBG has appointed
Sandeep Sharma as its new
fnance director.
Giovanni Ranieri has
been named the new busi-
ness development director at
UTEC Survey Mediterranean
located in Naples, Italy.
ClerkMaxwell has ap-
pointed GrahamCallander
to the role of business development director.
Dril-Quip Inc. announced that J. Mike
Walker has retired and is stepping down from
his positions as chairman of the board, CEO,
and a board member. As a result, the board
of directors has appointed John V. Lovoi as
chairman of the board, Blake T. DeBerry
as president, CEO and a board member, and
James A. Gariepy as senior vice president
and COO.
BDO USA has appointed
Mike Grubbs as assur-
ance partner in the Natural
Resources industry practice.
He will be based in the frms
Houston offce, where he will
work with the frms energy
clients and focus primarily on
SEC registrants.
Atwood Oceanics has appointed Phil D.
Wedemeyer to its board of directors and to
the chair of its Audit Committee.
OSBIT Power has appoint-
ed Ben Webster as sales
and marketing manager, and
Robbie Blakeman as senior
engineer.
Greenes Energy Group
has named Ray Keller senior
sales representative for the
northeastern region of the
United States.
H2O Inc. has named Mar-
lon Joseph as vice president
of its new electrochemistry
division.
DNV has appointed Mat-
thias Laatsch to lead its
wind energy operations in
Hamburg, Germany.
HOERBIGER Corp. of
America, Inc. has appointed
Donald York as COO and
senior vice president.
Senergy has appointed
Frode Linge as project/asset
manager for the companys
new regional offce in Oslo,
Norway.
Exova has added Roylins
Ehigie as a specialist test
engineer.
Omar Sekkat has been
named senior vice president
of the energy division at DnB
NOR Asia.
ACE Winches has appoint-
ed Graeme Wood as COO.
Mike Arnold has been
appointed managing director
of Bibby Remote Intervention
Ltd., and he will take up a
position on the main board of
Bibby Offshore Holdings Ltd.
Cynthia Linnenkohl has
been appointed manager of sales operations
for Global Tubing.
Ikon Science has named Henry Morris as
vice president global corporate development,
and David Flett as VP of Ikon Sciences Asia
Pacifc.
E2S has appointed Vernon Cotton as VP,
sales and marketing USA.
Wood Group has appointed Les Thomas as
group director.
Reservoir Exploration Technology has
appointed Kim Gunn Maver as vice president
of sales and marketing, and Fredd Causevic
as vice president of business
development.
Graeme McRobb has
been appointed COO of
Omega Completions.
Stuart Wordsworth, gen-
eral manager of InterAct, has
been voted onto the board of
Decom North Sea.
Eiva has appointed Jeppe Nielsen as CEO.
Artifcial Lift Co. has appointed Andrew
Puhala as VP and CFO.
Prodrill Energy Resource Solutions has ap-
pointed Akin Awe as contract specialist.
Company news
Cortland has expanded its Anacortes, Wash-
ington, facility in order to create upgraded sales,
engineering, and administrative spaces.
McDermott has selected Allocate Software
plcs maritime suite to globally manage the
planning, scheduling, competency, and training
management of its worldwide offshore staff.
T.D. Williamson, Inc. has announced plans
for the creation of a Global Pipeline Integrity
Center in Salt Lake City, Utah.
Delmar Systems, Inc. has formed an
Australian subsidiary, Delmar Systems Pty
Ltd., with offces in Perth, Western Australia, to
support the growing Australian offshore drilling
and production operations.
S3 ID has been awarded a contract to supply
its technologies to the Statoil Gudrun Person-
nel Tracking System (PTS) Project via Siemens
Norway.
Amarinth has won an order for $850,000 for
eight pumps to be used in the harsh conditions
off Sakhalin Island, Russia.
2H Offshore Inc. has relocated to new
premises within Houstons Energy Corridor
District at 15990 North Barkers Landing, Suite
200, Houston, Texas 77079.
Hertz Global Holdings Inc. announced that
its equipment rental division, Hertz Equip-
ment Rental Corp., has acquired Delta
Rigging & Tools offshore equipment rental
division based in New Iberia, Louisiana. The
acquisition expands its oil and gas customer
base into the offshore market.
Outreach has won contracts to supply seven
pipe handler systems to various platforms in the
North Sea and the Middle East. Four will be de-
livered to Apache North Sea for the Forties oil
platforms Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, and Delta. Two
more should be installed by end-November on
the drilling rigs Rowan Bob Palmer and Rowan
Ralph Coffman.
Shell UK has contracted Archer to continue
providing drilling, maintenance, and engineer-
ing services on the Nelson platform and the
four Brent platforms, all in the UK North Sea.
Archer has been performing this role on the fa-
cilities since 2004. Its current contract was due
to expire in 2012, but has now been extended
by one year.
EPC Offshore has created three dedicated
business streams to capitalize on growth in key
sectors of the North Sea oil and gas industry.
The move will see project units focused on the
subsea, brownfeld, and foating production stor-
age and offoading (FPSO) markets.
Plains Exploration & Production Co.
Sheldon
Keller
York
Sharma
Joseph
Linge
Wood
McRobb
Grubbs
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BUSI NESS BRI EFS
has executed a securities purchase agreement
with EIG Global Energy Partners in which
PXP will receive $450 million of cash proceeds
in exchange for a 20% equity interest in Plains
Offshore Operations Inc.
Knutsen NYK Offshore Tankers AS has
signed a time-charter party with Eni for two
shuttle tankers for a maximum 10-year period
starting from summer 2013.
BMT Cordah has launched the NEMS
Accounter Light reporting software to the UK
market.
Scotlands First Minister Alex Salmond of-
fcially opened the global headquarters of the
Ferguson Group at Midmill Business Park,
Kintore.
Tendeka has agreed to a distributor agree-
ment with Matpatson Petroleum Services
for the exclusive promotion and sale of Tendeka
products in Nigeria.
Lankhorst Mouldings and RiserTec have
announced a cooperation agreement for the de-
sign and manufacture of dynamic bend stiffen-
ers. Under the agreement, RiserTec will design
and test the riser ancillary products and provide
project-specifc technical support to Lankhorst.
Lankhorst Mouldings will manufacture the
bend stiffeners at its facility in the Netherlands.
Fugro Survey B.V. and IPOZ LLC have
signed a worldwide exclusive agreement for
free inertial metrology technology GIPSEA and
the associated software and support services.
Reservoir Group has acquired GeoSearch
Logging Inc. All 232 personnel currently
employed by GeoSearch will remain in the
business, which will join with Reservoir Groups
existing surface logging services and unite
under the Empirica brand.
Transocean has opened its training center
and offces in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Petrobras and BGBrasil have signed a
technical cooperation agreement to develop
key technological solutions for overcoming the
challenges they face. The three-year agree-
ment will initially cover well construction and
production optimization. Over this period, joint
investments are projected at some R$60 million
($33.7 million) for developing the technological
solutions required.
Britains National Grid has contracted
Wood Group Kenny for studies connected to
development options for offshore storage of car-
bon dioxide (CO
2
). National Grid is investigat-
ing the possibility of transporting and injecting
CO
2
into a prospective offshore saline aquifer
storage location in the UK southern North Sea.
The Gulf Technical & Safety Training
Centre has opened a new facility in Erbil,
northern Iraq. The center will provide training,
including safety, fre fghting and frst aid, risk
management, environmental awareness, and its
technical training programs.
Intertek has invested 15 million ($24
million) in new Aberdeen, UK, headquarters
for its energy services operation. Intertek will
move in phases to the 41,000 sq ft (3,800 sq m)
North Point building on the Energy Park in
Bridge of Don with the frst service line now
based there and 160 employees to relocate by
March 2012.
Paradigm has opened a new offce in
Gurgaon, Haryana, the greater New Delhi met-
ropolitan area. The company recently relocated
its Mumbai offce to Platinum Techno Park,
Navi, Mumbai, a more strategic location closer
to its customer base.
EnerMech has secured a multi-million
pound crane maintenance contract from
Maersk Oil North Sea UK Ltd. for assets
operating in the UK. The contract covers the in-
spection, periodic maintenance and engineering
support for all deck cranes on-board the Janice
FPU, Gryphon and Global Producer III FPSOs
managed and operated from Aberdeen.
Indepth reports on activity and spending
The World Offshore Drilling Spend Forecast
The World Floating Production Market
The World Offshore Oil & Gas Production &
Spend Forecast
The AUV Gamechanger Report
The World Deepwater Market Report
The World Offshore Wind Report
The World FLNG Market Report
Subsea Processing Gamechanger
Offshore Oil and Gas Industry of Russia and CIS:
Outlook to 2020
Provides a detailed analysis of all current and projected
offshore projects and develops an outlook for their
development to 2020.
Surveys in Excel Spreadsheets for easy analysis
US Gulf of Mexico Deepwater Discoveries & Status
Worldwide Seismic Vessel Survey
Global Field Development Survey
Rotary Steerable Tool Directory
Production Projects Worldwide
Construction Projects Worldwide
Directories that download to your desktop
Offshore E&P Industry Worldwide
Pipeline Industry Worldwide
Statistical Tables in Excel (Historical)
Offshore Crude Oil Production - Monthly
Offshore Gross Withdrawals of Natural Gas - Annual
GOM Federal Offshore Production - Annual
North Sea Crude Oil Production Monthly
US Active Seismic Crew Counts - Monthly
918-831-9421 or orcinfo@pennwell.com
www.ogjresearch.com
Strategic Data from PennEnergy
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Display Ads: $235.00 per column inch. Same discount as above. 15% agency commission. $235.00 minimum charge for inser-
tions. Page size is 3 columns wide by 10 inches deep. One Column = 2.25 wide, Two Columns = 4.75 wide, Three Columns = 7
wide. Minimum Size: 1 Column X 1 Inch.
Deadline for classied advertising is the 15th of the month preceding publication. Contact Glenda Harp, (918) 832-9301, or
fax your ad for a quote (918) 832-9201. E-mail: glendah@pennwell.com
No special position available in classied.
C L AS S I F I E D ADVE RT I S I NG
CONSULTANTS
Hiring?
Selling Equipment?
Need Equipment?
New Business Opportunity?
CONTACT: GLENDA HARP
+1-918-832-9301
or 1-800-331-4463, Ext. 6301
Fax: +1-918-832-9201
Email: glendah@pennwell.com
SURVEYS: In-depth details for industry segments in
fexible spreadsheets
STATISTICAL TABLES: Key worldwide stats for all
industry sectors in spreadsheets
DIRECTORIES: Comprehensive contact data
REPORTS: In-depth analysis of specifc industry sectors
Your Source for
Offshore Industry Data
For more information or to order
Visit: www.PennEnergyResearch.com
Email: orcinfo@pennwell.com
BRAZIL LEGAL & REAL
Oil & Gas | Energy & Renewables
The giant has awaken, and you need effective
strategic counseling to cut into this new investment
frontier + quality technical advice from local,
experienced specialists.
EXPETRO Natural Resources Consultants
Rio de Janeiro & Natal - Brazil
www.expetro.com.br
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PENNWELL PETROLEUM GROUP
1455 West Loop South, Suite 400, Houston, TX 77027
PHONE +1 713 621 9720 FAX +1 713 963 6228
David Davis (Worldwide Sales Manager)
davidd@pennwell.com
Mitch Duffy (Regional Sales Manager)
mitchd@pennwell.com
Glenda Harp (Classified Sales) glendah@pennwell.com
GREATER HOUSTON AREA, TX
David Davis davidd@pennwell.com
USA CANADA
Mitch Duffy mitchd@pennwell.com
UNITED KINGDOM SCANDINAVIA
THE NETHERLANDS
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Maidstone, Kent, United Kingdom ME16 OUR
PHONE +44 1622 721222 FAX +44 1622 721333
Roger Kingswell rogerk@pennwell.com
FRANCE BELGIUM PORTUGAL
SPAIN SOUTH SWITZERLAND MONACO
NORTH AFRICA
Prominter
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PHONE +33 (0) 1 3071 1119 FAX +33 (0) 1 3071 1119
Daniel Bernard danielb@pennwell.com
GERMANY NORTH SWITZERLAND
AUSTRIA EASTERN EUROPE
RUSSIA FORMER SOVIET UNION BALTIC
EURASIA
Sicking Industrial Marketing, Kurt-Schumacher-Str. 16
59872 Freienohl, Germany
PHONE +49 (0) 2903 3385 70 FAX +49 (0) 2903 3385 82
Andreas Sicking wilhelms@pennwell.com
ITALY
SILVERA MEDIAREP
Viale Monza, 24 - 20127 Milano, Italy
PHONE +39 (02) 28 46716 FAX +39 (02) 28 93849
Ferruccio Silvera info@silvera.it
BRAZIL / SOUTH AMERICA
Smartpublishing Ltd/ OGJLA Pennwell Brazil
HEADQUARTERS: Rua Raimundo Chaves 2182, L5
Natal RN 59064-390, BRAZIL
RIO OFFICE: Ave. Erasmo Braga 227, 11th foor
Rio de Janeiro RJ 20024-900, BRAZIL
PHONE +55 (21) 2533 5703 or +55 (21) 3084 5384
FAX +55 (21) 2533 4593
Jean-Paul Prates adm@pennwell.com.br
JAPAN
ICS Convention Design, Inc.
6F Chiyoda Bldg., 1-5-18 Sarugakucho
Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo 101-8449, Japan
PHONE +81 3 3219 3641 FAX +81 3 3219 3628
Manami Konishi konishi-manami@ics-inc.co.jp
SINGAPORE
19 Tanglin Road #05-20 Tanglin Shopping Center
Singapore 247909
PHONE +65 9616 8080 FAX +65 6734 0655
Michael Yee yfyee@singnet.com.sg
INDIA
Interads Ltd., A-113, Shivalik, New Delhi 110 017
PHONE +91 11 628 3018 FAX +91 11 622 8928
Rajan Sharma rajan@interadsindia.com
NIGERIA/WEST AFRICA
Flat 8, 3rd foor (Oluwatobi House)
71 Allen Ave, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
PHONE +234 805 687 2630 or +234 802 223 2864
Dele Olaoye q-she@inbox.com
SALES OFFICES
A
Aker Solutions
.......................................... C2
www.akersolutions.com/subsea
Aramco Services Company
......................25
www.aramcoservices.com
ARC Advisory Group
.................................53
www.arcweb.com/res/forumorl
ASTICAN
.....................................................47
www.astican.es
B
Bredero Shaw
.............................................29
www.brederoshaw.com
C
Cameron / LeTourneau Drilling
Systems ........................................................9
www.c-a-m.com
D
Delmar Systems, Inc. .................................37
www.delmarus.com
Dril-Quip .................................................... C3
www.dril-quip.com
F
FMC Technologies ..................................... 11
www.fmctechnologies.com
Fugro GeoServices ....................................33
www.fugro.com/deepwater
Fugro Gravity and Magnetic Services ...... 14
www.fugro-gravmag.com
G
Gulf Copper Dry Dock and Rig Repair .....44
www.gulfcopper.com
GVA Consultants AB .................................48
www.gvac.se
I
IPLOCA .......................................................61
www.iploca.com
J
Jumbo Offshore VOF .................................45
www.jumbo-offshore.nl
K
KBR ............................................................ C4
www.kbr.com
KOBELCO / Kobe Steel Ltd. ......................31
www.kobelcoedti.com
www.kobelco.co.jp/compressor
L
L&M Radiator .............................................36
www.mesabi.com
LLOG Exploration ......................................39
www.llog.com
N
National Oilwell Varco. ...............................23
www.nov.com
O
Offshore Energy Center. ............................43
www.oceanstaroec.com
ORR Safety. ..................................................3
www.orrsafety.com/kong
P
Parker Hannifin Corporation .. ..................21
www.parker.com
PennWell
Deep Offshore Technology
Conference & Exhibition .................91-94
Deepwater Operations
Conference & Exhibition ......................62
www.deepwateroperations.com
Offshore Asia Conference &
Exhibition .................................. 63-82, 89
www.offshoreasiaevent.com
Offshore Events ....................................85
www.offshoreoilevents.com
Offshore Group .......... 8, 27, 40-41, 55, 83
Offshore Middle East Conference &
Exhibition ..............................................95
www.offshoremiddleeast.com
Offshore West Africa Conference &
Exhibition ..............................................49
www.offshorewestafrica.com
PennEnergy Research .................... 97, 98
www.PennEnergyResearch.com
PennWell Books ..............................44, 48
www.PennWellBooks.com
Subsea Tieback Forum &
Exhibition ..............................................87
www.SubseaTiebackForum.com
Topsides, Platforms, & Hulls
Conference & Exhibition ......................90
www.TopsidesEvent.com
R
RM Young Company ..................................47
www.youngusa.com
S
ShawCor .......................................................7
www.shawcor.com
Siemens AG ................................................17
www.siemens.com/oilandgas
StatOil .........................................................35
goodideas.statoil.com
Szczecin Ship Repair Yard Gryfia JSC .....15
www.gryfia.com.pl
T
Thuraya Datacom .......................................19
www.thuraya.com/ip
U
United Airlines ...........................................13
www.united.com
V
Vallourec & Mannesmann USA...................1
www.vam-usa.com
W
Weatherford ..............................................4, 5
weatherford.com
The index of page numbers is provided as a ser-
vice. The publisher does not assume any liability
for error or omission.
ADVERTISERS INDEX
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This page refects viewpoints on the political, economic, cultural, technological, and environmental issues that shape the future of the petroleum industry. Offshore
Magazine invites you to share your thoughts. Email your Beyond the Horizon manuscript to David Paganie at davidp@pennwell.com.
BEYOND THE HORI ZON
Many offshore operators argue that new regulations do not make
their operations safer because their voluntary standards were al-
ready superior to requirements set forth by the Bureau of Safety and
Environmental Enforcement (BSEE). Nevertheless, compliance
with that agencys Safety and Environmental Management Systems
(SEMS) regulation is not optional.
Since SEMS was announced just over a year ago, Ive heard many
offshore operators say they feel they have been meeting SEMS stan-
dards for years. But upon further discussion, they admit that they
may not have been doing everything to the degree that is now re-
quired, especially in terms of documentation. And, as accountability
moves higher up the chain of command, the need to make SEMS
part of an enterprise sustainability management strategy has never
been more important.
Adhering to the 13 elements required for SEMS compliance can
be daunting. However, when it is done correctly, the compliance pro-
cess should help organizations gain new insights and should have
positive implications across their operations. So, while some may
have thought that the SEMS deadline was much ado about nothing,
it should have forced a re-thinking of how the 13 elements are docu-
mented and used to drive strategic decisions.
From my experience, six best practices help simplify the process
and drive effciency while ensuring the safe operation of offshore
facilities.
First of all, treat all elements as parts of the sum; not independent-
ly. Consider that each SEMS element is the spoke of a wheel, and
that the purpose of the wheel is to prevent catastrophic events. Each
spoke must remain intact and connected to the wheel in order for
the wheel to accomplish its purpose. Information in one area often
impacts another, so it must be easily accessible and shared among
groups. Limited communication can limit success.
Next, involve stakeholders and experts throughout the asset
life cycle. It is important to remember that if you comply with each
stage of SEMS fully and correctly the frst time, not only will you
ensure safety across your operations but also make it more effcient
to update and revalidate elements. Bad information leads to bad de-
cisions. Information used on one element serves as a basis in other
elements, so it is imperative that all the right people are involved in
the right stages.
And remember, the life cycle of the whole process must be ac-
curately identifed. When evaluating the safety of your operations,
you must identify all possible hazards, including, for example, those
from equipment labeled as out-of-service. As equipment ages, de-
cisions must be made regarding repair, replacement, and decom-
missioning. Simply turning off a machine does not remove it from
SEMS coverage and mechanical integrity oversight. The equipment
may no longer be in operation, but it remains an active threat until it
is properly disconnected, decommissioned, and disposed.
Another best practice often ignored is to treat each risk assess-
ment as if it were the frst. Do not become overconfdent in prior
process hazard analysis (PHA) results. It is easy to blindly trust in
your operations when you have gone several years without incident,
but complacency can lead to catastrophe. After several rounds of re-
validations, I see companies become overconfdent in their PHAs,
assuming that previous analyses were performed properly. A poor
quality PHA that is revalidated incorrectly just compounds the prob-
lem. If a retro-ft is performed, the next revalidation should be a
complete re-do.
You also must select the correct methodology at the start. Some
facilitators select a risk assessment methodology based on what
they perceive as the overall risk of a process. However, it is nec-
essary to consider other variables such as: amount of knowledge
and experience with the process based on its time in service; how
many changes the process has undergone; the size of the process;
and most importantly, the complexity of the process. For example,
using a checklist or what-if approach on a complex system may not
be appropriate.
And fnally, beware of inconsistencies from fragmented business
processes or outside contractors. Mergers, acquisitions, and joint
ventures happen frequently in our industry. Compounded by the
extensive usage of outside contractors and subcontractors, many
divergent risk management processes are often in place. Reporting
becomes fragmented and key information is only available at a site
level. Legacy personnel tend to keep what they know in their own
silo. As companies move to standardize process and procedures,
they also should consider standardizing and centralizing SEMS
documentation and systems.
I do not disagree with my offshore clients who say they already
comply with SEMS operational requirements, but it is apparent that
documentation will be the Achilles heel of most SEMS programs.
SEMS compliance can be made more effcient and expedited with
a common operational risk management solution (ORM) that ag-
gregates and leverages information across the enterprise, from one
SEMS element to the next. ORM systems are built on the principles
of continuous improvement, providing seamless communication
from the operator up to the executives, with customized dashboards
and reporting for every level of the company. This is how SEMS
compliance can be ensured and transformed into a driver for opera-
tional excellence.
Jeff Ladner
Senior Director for EHS
and Sustainability Solutions
IHS
Best practices for SEMS compliance
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_____________
Youre in Good Hands with KBR
Since 1947, KBR has been at the leading edge of offshore design,
engineering and construction. By bringing together the right people,
the right planning and the right projects, we continue to build
the infrastructure to get oil and gas resources to market delivering
successful solutions around the world.
For more information, visit www.kbr.com
K11158 2011 KBR, All Rights Reserved
We Deliver
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____
___ _______
________
____
_____
____
_______
_______
_____
16TH EDITION
24 - 26 JANUARY 2012
ABUJA, NIGERIA
DO YOU WORK FOR AN OPERATING COMPANY?
If you answered YES then your company qualifes for the Operators Partner Program!
Send unlimited delegates for 2,000!
The more delegates you send, the more you save!
INTRODUCING THE OPERATORS PARTNER PROGRAM
In response to a growing concern from our supporters about the current economic climate and the need for exposure to new technology
applications in this sector, PennWell has developed the Operators Partner Program solely for operators in the offshore industry.
Offering a range of discounts and benefts to operators and their employees, enabling them to listen to key industry presentations, providing
relevant, real world technology applications, networking with peers and meeting with the supplier market, PennWell is committed to making
sure your company has the ability to stay abreast of key market trends.
VISIT WWW.OFFSHOREWESTAFRICA.COM FOR MORE INFORMATION.
SUPPORTED BY
OWNED & PRODUCED BY PRESENTED BY SUPPORTING PUBLICATIONS
DEEPWATER
TECHNOLOGIES FOR
WEST AFRICA
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_______________________
_____________________________________
PRESENTED BY
OWNED & PRODUCED BY
SUPPORTING PUBLICATIONS
16TH EDITION
24-26 JANUARY 2012
ABUJA, NIGERIA
DEEPWATER
TECHNOLOGIES FOR
WEST AFRICA
Pre Show Guide
SUPPORTED BY
Register to attend today and save 40% on the Individual
Conference fee. Register before 14 January 2012 to
take advantage of the Early Bird offer.
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_________________________
Dear Industry Colleagues
It is my great pleasure to invite you to Abuja, Nigeria for the Offshore West Africa
2012 conference and exhibition. This event marks the 16th year of Offshore West
Africa and, it is a home-coming for the annual event to Abuja after two years of
making the rounds in other West African countries.
As an annual event, the Offshore West Africa provides the technical forum for the
discussions of the advancement of oil and gas exploration and production activities
in the West African sub-region. The accompanying exhibition to the conference
will present the technologies that are available and applicable to the industry for the
exploitation of the abundant resources in the offshore West Africa.
As the chairman of the advisory board, I encourage you to attend the annual event
taking place in the hub of oil and gas activities in the sub-region and beneft from the
carefully packaged session topics touching on areas such as: lessons learned from recent feld
developments and emerging technical solutions; new challenges in deepwater and understanding
key technological solutions; and perspectives on local content in the sub-region.
The benefts from the forum are not limited to the technical sessions; it equally provides networking
opportunities with leading players and stakeholders in the industry. This business opportunity for partnering in
the search for replicating hydrocarbon reserves in the deepwater becomes imperative in a world where the
price of oil and gas are stimulating industrial activities.
Once again, on behalf of the Offshore West Africa Advisory Board, PennWell Corporation and Offshore, the
worlds leading offshore oil and gas magazine, I am pleased to invite industry leaders from West Africa and
around the world to this exceptional forum to exchange ideas, share solutions, and learn from each others
experience.
Francis Alabo Ogaree
General Manager, International Venture Opportunities
Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation
Offshore West Africa 2012 Advisory Board Chair
How to Register
Register yourself and your colleagues as Individual Full Conference Delegates by 14 January 2012
and beneft from a 40% discount through the Offshore West Africa EARLY BIRD OFFER!*
Four Ways to Register:
Online: www.offshorewestafrica.com
Fax: Fax completed form to +1 888 299 8057 (U.S. only) or +1 918 831 9161
Mail: PennWell / OWA 2012, PO Box 973059, Dallas, TX 75397-3059
Email: Complete the Registration form and send to registration@pennwell.com
*To receive the Early Bird discount, payment must be received by 14 January 2012.
Visit www.offshorewestafrica.com for more details or call +1 918 831 9160
Invitation from Advisory Board Chair
2 | WWW.OFFSHOREWESTAFRICA.COM
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______________________
Sponsors & Supporters
OWNED & PRODUCED BY PRESENTED BY SUPPORTED BY
SUPPORTING ORGANIZATIONS
SUPPORTING PUBLICATIONS
SPONSORED BY
MEDIA PARTNERS
World ils
World's Oil Central
WWW.OFFSHOREWESTAFRICA.COM | 3
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___________
______________________
_______
_________
Responding to the growth, demand and vitality of the region in West
Africas offshore industry, Offshore West Africa is returning to Abuja,
Nigeria for its 2012 conference and exhibition.
Offshore West Africa 2012 will be held on 24-26 January 2012 at International Conference Centre in
Abuja, Nigeria.
In its 16th year of providing a platform for information exchange and new business development,
Offshore West Africa is the regions premier technical forum focused exclusively on West African offshore
exploration and production activity.
Offshore West Africa provides an annual forum that addresses the technical, environmental and business
challenges associated with oil and gas exploration and production industry within West Africa. The
conference provides a unique networking opportunity for attendees to share technology and address
issues with experts in their respective felds.
The Offshore West Africa technical program is developed with the help of an Advisory Board of
industry professionals who determine the content of the technical sessions and help solicit speakers.
The conference program will consist of two and one-half days of two concurrent tracks of technical
sessions. The sessions will focus on topics such as lessons learned offshore, feld development case
histories, and deepwater challenges and solutions, based around the conference theme of Deepwater
Technologies for West Africa.
Why Attend Offshore West Africa?
The annual Offshore West Africa Conference and Exhibition remains the leading
source of information on new technology and operating expertise for this booming deepwater
and subsea market and is the most signifcant offshore Africa deepwater technology event in
the world.
A unique audience of the worlds leading executives, managers and engineers from major and
independent E&P companies focusing on West Africas specifc requirements
A world-class two-track technical conference program
An exhibition showcase of technology and capabilities to support improvements in African
E&P operations
Expert opinions on the new issues, challenges and solutions associated with the expanding African
exploration & production activity
Who attends Offshore West Africa?
Industry leaders who seek information and emerging technologies in order to plan future operations
Multinational audience of senior executive decision makers from international and regional operators
Service and equipment suppliers
Engineering and construction companies
Contractors
Consultants
About Offshore West Africa
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______________________
Tuesday 24 January
11:00-12:30 Opening Plenary - Executive Hall
12:30-13:30 Exhibition Ribbon Cutting & Exhibition Tour - Exhibition Floor
13:30-14:30 Lunch - Delegate Restaurant - Africa Hall
14:30-16:00 Operators' Perspective - Executive Hall
16:00-17:00 Coffee Break - Exhibition Floor
Track 1 - Niger Hall Track 2 - Benue Hall
17:00-18:00 Session 1: Local Content 1 Session 1: Subsea Technology 1
18:00-19:30 Welcome Reception - Exhibition Floor
Wednesday 25 January
09:30-10:30 Session 2: Well Construction &
Drilling Operations 1
Session 2: Field Development 1
11:30-12:30 Session 3: Geosciences Session 3: Subsea Technology 2
12:30-14:00 Lunch - Delegate Restaurant - Africa Hall
14:00-15:00 Session 4: Local Content 2 Session 4: Flowlines & Pipelines
16:00-17:00 Session 5: Well Construction &
Drilling Operations 2
Session 5: Field Development 2
Thursday 26 January
09:30-11:00 Panel Discussion - Regional Local Content
12:00-13:30 Lunch, Awards Ceremony & Closing Remarks
Delegate Restaurant - Africa Hall - Lunch Sponsored by Shell
Conference at a Glance
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______________________
Company Booth no.
African University of Science and Technology 125
Aftrac Limited* 62
Ansett* 62
Asbury International Limited 76
Atlantic Fluids* 62
Belzona Polymerics Limited 74
BGT* 62
Chesroc* 62
Damagix Group 134
Dantussynergyn Oil Ghana Ltd 51
Emval* 62
Epic Atlantic Limited / Colfax - Allweiler 138
Furmanite West Africa Ltd 133
Geoplex* 34
Halliburton 6
Hull Inspections / Hull Engineering 137
Hydratight Limited 66
Interspiro AB 39
Kay Global Limited 73
Laser Engineering and Resources Consultants Ltd* 62
Mansfeld Energy Nigeria Limited* 65
MODEC Inc. 2a
Nestoil* 36
Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation 4
Nigerian Society of Engineers 128
OCO* 64
Oil Review Africa 127
Oilserv Nigeria Ltd.* 105
Oiltest* 35
PennWell Corporation 122
Petroleum Technology Association of Nigeria* 62
Petrolog Group* 63
Pipeline Professionals Association of Nigeria 129
Q-She Limited 39
Radial Circle Group 52
Redwise Maritime Services B.V. 71
Richardson Oil & Gas 75
Ropetec 61
Senacare 39
Shell Nigeria E&P, Ltd 1
Society for Underwater Technology 126
Spx Hydraulic Technologies 10
Tecon Oil Services Limited* 106
Tilone Subsea Limited 7
Total Upstream Companies in Nigeria 5
Weafri Well Services Limited* 104
Exhibitor List
Exhibitor List as of 30 September 2011
*As part of the Nigerian Pavilion
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______________________
P1 P1 P1 P1 P
P2 PPP
P3 PP3 P3 P P3 PPP
P4 PP44 P44
P5 P5 P5 55 P
P6 P6 P6 P6 P6
P19 111
P8 P8 P8 P8 P
P7 P7 P7
P9 P9 P9 P9 P
P10 PP1 P1
P11 P1 PP1
P13 P1 P1 1 P1
P15 P111 PP1
P17 P1 11 P1 P
REGISTRATION
P
e
n
n
W
e
l
l
Nothing (Main Mapp)
1
SHELL NIGERIA
E&P, LTD
10
SPX HYDRAULIC
TECHNOLOGIES
100
101
102
103
Reserved
104
WEAFRI WELL
SERVICES
LIMITED
105
OILSERV
NIGERIA LTD.
106
Tecon
Oil
Servic
es
Limite
d
108
Reserved
11
Reserved
110
Reserved
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
12
Reserved
123
124
125
Reserved
126
Reserved
127
Reserved
128
Reserved
129
Reserved
13
130
131
132
Reserved
133
Furmanite
134
DAMAGIX A
GROUP
135 136 137
HULL
INSPECTIO
NS / HULL
138
EPIC
Atlantic
14
15
16
17
18
19
2
Reserved
20
2a
MODEC INC.
3
Reserved
31
32
33
34
Geoplex
35
OILTEST
36
Nestoil
39
Q-SHE
4
Reserved
40
42
43
5
TOTAL
51
DANTUSSY
NERGYN
OIL GHANA
52
RADIAL
CIRCLE
GROUP
53
54
55
Reserved
56
57
58
59
6
Halliburton
60
61
ROPETEC
62
PETROLEUM
TECHNOLOGY
ASSOCIATION
OF NIGERIA
(PETAN)
63
Petrolog
64
OCO
65
Mansfield Energy
66
Hydratight
Limited
67
68
69
6a
Reserved
7
TILONE
SUBSEA
LIMITED
70
71
REDWISE
MARITIME
SERVICES
72
73
KAY
GLOBAL
LIMITED
74
Belzona
Polymerics
Limited
75
RICHARDS
ON OIL &
GAS
76
ASBURY
INTERNATIO
NAL
77
78
79
8
80
81
82
83
Reserved
84
Reserved
85
86
87
88
89
9
90
91
92 93 94 95
99
Delegate Restaurant
Floor Plan
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______________________
1. Primary business activity:
02 Major Oil & Gas Operating Company
03 Independent Oil & Gas Company
04 National/State Oil Company
07 Drilling/Drilling Contractor
51 Consulting Company Engaged in
Projects or Providing Services to Oil and/
or Gas Companies
09 EPC/Main Contractor
39 Engineering Company
08 Subcontractor
10 Seismic Company
29 Pipeline/Installation Contractor
37 Supply Company
41 Marine Support Services
36 Equipment Manufacturing Company
38 Service Company
11 Ship/Fabrication Yard
12 Insurance or Financial Services
13 Educational Institution/Govt Agency
Research Lab
98 Other ________________________
2. Your job title:
40 Executive Management
41 Management
39 Engineering
43 Field Professional
45 Purchasing
48 Consulting
46 Geologist or Geophysicist
47 Other _______________________
3. Purchasing Role:
Specify
Recommend
Approve
Purchase
None
First Name: Last Name:
Position:
Company:
Complete Mailing Address:
Postal code:
Country Code: Telephone: Fax:
Email:
Registration confrmation will be sent via-email, if a unique email address is provided above.
Conference Fees:
1. Individual Delegate (Full Conference Registration)*
Access to all Conference Sessions and Conference Proceedings
Access to the Exhibition Hall
Coffee Breaks in Exhibition Hall
Delegate Lunch on Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday (Ticketed)
Paid By 14 January 2012 870
Paid After 14 January 2012 1,445
2. Corporate Plan (10 delegates)*
Access to all Conference Sessions
Access to the Exhibition Hall, including Opening & Networking Receptions
Paid By 14 January 2012 10,390
Paid After 14 January 2012 12,220
3. Exhibitor Delegate (Exhibiting Companys Only)
Exhibit booth staff can upgrade their registration to include access to
the conference at a discounted rate
Access to all Conference Sessions and Conference Proceedings
Access to the Exhibition Hall, including move-in and move-out
Access to Opening & Networking Receptions
Paid After 14 January 2012 725
4. Operators Partner Program (OPP)
Unlimited Delegates - Open to Operators only. For further details please
visit the Registration page on www.offshorewestafrica.com 2,000
5. African State Oil Companies & Other Government Agencies
Access to all Conference Sessions
Access to the Exhibition Hall, including Opening & Networking Receptions
Delegate lunch on Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday (Ticketed)
Paid After 14 January 2012 725
6. Single Day Conference Delegate
Access to all Conference Sessions on the corresponding day
Access to the Exhibition Hall, including both the Opening & Networking
Receptions
Luncheon on corresponding day (Ticketed)
Tuesday @ 735
Wednesday @ 735
Thursday @ 735
7. Exhibit Visitor
Pre-registered visitors FREE (Deadline to pre-register January 18, 2012, after
January 18, 2012 register onsite).
Access to the Exhibition Hall, including Opening & Networking receptions,
Coffee breaks in Exhibition Hall
Free before 18 January 2012
Paid after 18 January 2012 20
8. Additional Lunch Tickets (for non-delegates)
Tuesday @ 50/day
Wednesday @ 50/day
Thursday @ 50/day
TOTAL PAYMENT
(In Euros only) =
For Information on
corporate packages,
contact Registration
Phone: +1 918-831-9160
Email: registration@pennwell.com
3 ways to register:
Pre-register on line before
18 January 2012.
Register on site after
18 January 2012.
1
Fax:
Direct: +1 918 831 9161
Toll-Free (US only):
+1 888 299 8057
2
Website:
www.offshorewestafrica.com
3
Mail:
PennWell C&E Registration (OWA)
P.O. Box 973059
Dallas, TX 75397-3059 USA
For questions please call:
Phone: +1 918 831 9160
Toll Free (US only):
+1 888 299 8016
*Your full-price registration fee includes a one-year paid subscription to Oil & Gas Journal (US $69 value).
Method of Payment: Check enclosed payable to Pennwell/OWA 2012
Wire (Wire information will be provided on invoice) Credit Card: Visa Mastercard AMEX Discover
Credit Card Number Expiry Date
Full Name (as it appears on card):
Card Holder Signature: Date:
Payment must be received prior to the
conference. If payment is not received by the
conference date, the registration fee must be
guaranteed on charge card until proof of
payment is provided. Make check payable
to PennWell/Offshore West Africa 2012.
Cancellation: Cancellation of registration
must be received in writing. Any individual,
exhibitor or corporate registrations cancelled
before 14 January 2012 will receive a 50%
refund of registration fee. After 14 January
2012 no refunds will be permitted.
Substitutions may be made at any time by
contacting the registration offce In writing.
(Required for credit card payment)
REGISTRATION FORM
24 - 26 JANUARY 2012
ABUJA, NIGERIA
OWAPSG12 Please use this promotional code when registering
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OS 20111201 Dec 2011

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December 2011

and ex|b|||ty can change

Pemex has contracted Cal Dive International to install an 8-in.

Another on the growing roster of presalt fnds is the BP-operated

Rockhopper Exploration has proven oil and gas while drilling

Gas production has restarted through the Sabratha platform, 110

Burullus Gas Co. has brought onstream the $1-billion Phase 8a of

ADMA-OPCO has contracted Fluor Offshore Solutions for FEED

cabins true 180-degree at-bed seating. So when your work is

cabins true 180-degree at-bed seating. So when your work is

Mauritanias government has agreed

Anadarkos frst well in Liberian waters

Namibias Ministry of Mines and Energy

Total has achieved a second discovery in

Chevron has started gas production from the

Petronas Carigali and Shell Malaysia will col-

ExxonMobil has contracted Malaysia Marine

Niko Resources has awarded Diamond Off-

Mobil Cepu has agreed a $300-million con-

is our new modular mobile plant with the

is a registered trademark of L&M Radiator, Inc.

engine radiators. Individual

MEASURING THE Month Year ISSUE OF

is a value-added for publication

15001530 Pipeline Recovery and Decommissioning Ofshore

A|te.r.te Improvement of Fatigue Characterisitcs of Pipeline

SESSION 4: LNG PROCESSING ISSUES

Moody Gardens Hotel & Convention Center

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