ANALISIS RESIDU ANTIBIOTIK KLORAMFENIKOL DALAM DAGING IKAN GURAMI (Osphronemus gouramy, Lac) DENGAN METODE HIGH PERFORMANCE

LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

INTISARI

Penggunaan kloramfenikol pada hewan produksi untuk tujuan non-terapetik berpotensi menimbulkan akumulasi residu kloramfenikol pada jaringan dan organ hewan tersebut. Manusia yang mengkonsumsi produk ternak yang mengandung residu kloramfenikol dapat menimbulkan dampak buruk bagi kesehatannya, karena berpotensi menimbulkan reaksi hipersensitivitas, deperesi sumsum tulang belakang yang dapat menyebabkan anemia aplastik, bahkan resistensi kloramfenikol pada manusia. Komoditi perikananan yang sering menggunakan antibiotik untuk meningkatkan produksinya adalah ikan gurami (Osphronemus gouramy, Lac). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kadar residu antibiotik dalam daging ikan gurami dengan metode HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography), kemudian kadar yang diperoleh dibandingkan dengan BMR (Batas Maksimum Residu) antibiotik pada produk perikanan berdasarkan Surat Edaran Direktorat Jenderal Perikanan Budidaya No.1697/DPB/TU.210.D4/IV/09. Pada penelitian ini, ikan gurami yang dianalisis dibeli di Pasar Gentan, Rejodani, dan Pakem. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ikan gurami yang dijual di Pasar Rejodani memiliki kadar residu kloramfenikol tertinggi diantara ketiga pasar yang disampling, yaitu sebesar 8,35 ppb. Kemudian disusul Pasar Pakem dan Gentan, masing-masing dengan kadar 2,01 ppb dan 1,97 ppb, sehingga melebihi BMR yang ditetapkan pemerintah yakni sebesar 0,3 ppb.

Kata kunci: HPLC, ikan gurami, kloramfenikol

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CHLORAMPHENICOL RESIDUES ANALYSIS IN GOURAMI FISH (Osphronemus gouramy, Lac) USING HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD

ABSTRACT

The use of antibiotic in food animals is not only for therapeutic purposes, but also for non-therapeutic purposes. The use of antibiotic for non-therapeutic purposes is done by adding antibiotic to feed (food additives) that is aimed as growth promoter to improve livestock production. Antibiotic which is often used in animals as a growth factor is chloramphenicol. The use of antibiotic in farm animals for nontherapeutic purpose has potency to generate accumulation of antibiotic residues in tissues and organs of these animals. Humans who consume animal products that contain antibiotic residues may cause adverse effects to health, because it can cause allergic reaction, irreversible type bone marrow depression that can lead aplastic anemia, and even chloramphenicol resistance in humans. Fishery product which frequently uses antibiotic to increase its production is gourami (Osphronemus gouramy, Lac). This study has a purpose to analyze the level of antibiotic residues in gourami with the HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) method, then its concentration will be compared with the MRL (Maximum Residue Limits) antibiotic in fishery products based on the letter from General Directorate of Aquaculture No.1697/DPB/ TU.210.D4/IV/09. In this study, the analyzed fish were bought in Gentan, Rejodani, and Pakem market. The results showed that gourami fish sold in the Rejodani market, has the highest chloramphenicol residues level among the three sampling markets, that is to 8.35 ppb, then followed by Pakem and Gentan market, each of them has a concentration 2.01 ppb and 1.97 ppb. This shows that the chloramphenicol residues level exceed the MRL set by the government (0.3 ppb).

Keywords: HPLC, gourami (Osphronemus gouramy, Lac), chloramphenicol

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