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Writing I

8th Class : 20th of October 2013 Frida Ferdani Putri


fridaferdaniputri@gmail.com

Universitas Terbuka
Korea Selatan
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CLASS 8
Modul 9 Grammar Write a story with conditional if. Write an activity plan. Predict the ending of a story.

Objective
Kompetensi Umum Mahasiswa diharapkan mampu merencanakan sesuatu dalam Bahasa Inggris Kompetensi Khusus Mahasiswa diharapkan mampu menulis cerita dengan bentuk pengandaian, menulis rencana kegiatan, dan memprediksi akhir dari sebuah cerita

Conditional if
Kalimat pengandaian

Conditional Type I ;

It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled (real present). FORM:
If + Subject + Verb infinitive + Object , Subject + Will+ Verb infinitive If I have time today, I will come to your house. Subject + Will+ Verb infinitive + if + Subject + Verb infinitive + Object I will come to your house if I have time today.

Conditional if
If tidak pernak diikuti oleh will If Greg arrive tomorrow, I will take him to the new restaurant, Be going to tidak dapat dipakai dalam kalimat

conditional if.

If my father is at home, I am going to ask him about his problem. If my father is at home, I will to ask him about it.

Get
Get + something/somebody

Meaning: receive/buy/find
Did you get my message yesterday? (receive) Where did you get your hat? I like it. (buy) During this monetary crisis, it is very hard to get

a job. (find)

Get
Get + adjective (hungry/tired/cold/sleepy etc)

Meaning: become
I need to wear my sweater, it is getting cold.

If you keep cheating, the teacher will get angry.


She will get married next month.

Get
Get to + a place

Meaning: arrive
My boss usually gets to work before 7.30. (arrive at

work) I went to Jakarta two days ago. I left Kuala Lumpur at 10 and got to Jakarta at 12. Can you tell me, what time your husband commonly gets home? (arrive at home)

Get
Get + preposition Get in (a car) Get out (of a car) Get on/off (a bus/truck/train/plane) She got in the car and drove away. (the car was sedan) He got on the truck and drove away. (the car was truck)

Future tense
Dipakai untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang akan

terjadi atau dilakukan.

now

past

future

Future Tense
Pola Positive S + will/shall+ V1 S + will/shall be + adj/adv/noun Negative S + will/shall not + V1 S + will/shall not be + adj/adv/noun Question Will/shall + S + V1? Will/shall + S + be + adj/adv/noun? Wh-Question + will/shall + S + V1? Wh-Question + will/shall + be? Contoh

She will clean the house tonight. I will be busy next week.
She will not clean the house tonight. I will not be busy next week. Will you return the book tomorrow? Will you be busy next week?

What will we do after class? What will you be in the next 10 years?

Shall hanya dipakai untuk I dan We saja Will not = wont

Be Going To
menyatakan sesuatu yang akan terjadi tetapi sudah

direncanakan (someone intends to do the action).


Will
Menyatakan keputusan yang spontan pada saat bicara (reaksi) Contoh: A: You have an email from John B: Okay, I will reply his email --------------A: Let s have a party. B: That s a great idea. Well invite lots of people

Going to
Menyatakan keputusan yang sudah diambil sebelumnya. Contoh: A: You have an email from John B: Yes, I know. I am going to reply his email after lunch. ------------A: Pedro & I have decided to have party. We are going to invite lots of people. B: that s great

Be going to
Pola: S + be (am/are/is) going to + be adj/adv/noun S + be (am/are/is) going to + V1 I am going to be a teaching assistant next semester.

I am going to visit my uncle tomorrow.

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Gerund
A gerund is a verbal that ends in -ing and functions as a

noun. The term verbal indicates that a gerund, is based on a verb and therefore expresses action or a state of being.
See (verb) + -ing = seeing (noun) Believe (verb) + -ing = believing (noun)

Verb + -ing = gerund (noun)

Gerund
1. Gerund as subject Berada di awal kalimat sebagai subjek kalimat
Travelling makes me happy Dancing is my hobby.

2. Gerund as object Berada di akhir kalimat setelah predikat


My hobby is dancing. I love sleeping in my spare time.

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Gerund
3. Gerund after proposition. Setelah proposisi kata kerja harus berbentuk gerund. Preposition: In, at, with, of, for, about, instead of, in spite of, without, before, after
I am in interested in learning English. We are going to have dinner after finishing our class

4. Gerund after some certain words


Stop Postpone Avoid Involve finish imagine admit practice fancy delay consider keep deny

miss

Stop talking about your ex-girlfriend. He considered moving to a new company.


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Reported Speech
Reported Speech = Kalimat berita perkataan

pembicara pertama yang oleh pembicara kedua disampaikan kepada pembicara ketiga.

Oh, thats great (2)

I am going to h ave party (1)

Oh really? ( 4)

Tompi told m e that he was going to hav e a party (3)

Few hours later

Afgan

Tompi

Raisa

Afgan

Reported Speech
Kata hubung yang digunakan adalah:

said that
Told + object pronoun (me, her, him, them,

us) + that Umumnya kita merubah tense menjadi lebih lampu untuk melaporkan sesuatu yang orang katakan.

Reported Speech
Perubahan Tenses
Direct Speech
Simple Present (+) Jill: I eat banana. (-) Jill: I do not eat banana. (+) Sarah: The room is dirty. Present Continuous (+) Jill: I am eating banana. (-) Jill: I am not eating banana. Simple Past (+) Jill: I ate banana. (-) Jill: I did not eat banana. (+) Sarah: The room was dirty Present Perfect (+) Jill: I have eaten banana. (-) Jill: I have not eaten banana. Future (+) Jill: I will eat banana. (-) Jill: I will not eat banana.

Reported Speech
Simple Past (+) Jill said that she ate banana. (-) Jill said that she did not eat banana. (+) Sarah said that the room was dirty. Past Continuous (+) Jill told me that she was eating banana. (-) Jill told me that she was not eating banana. Past Perfect (+) Jill said that she had eaten banana. (-) Jill said that she had not eaten banana. (+) Sarah said that the room had been dirty. Past Perfect (+) Jill told me that she had eaten banana. (-) Jill told me that she had not eaten banana. Past Future (+) Jill said that she would eat banana. (-) Jill said that she would not eat banana.

Reported Speech
Perubahan Keterangan Waktu
Direct Speech Now Today Yesterday Tomorrow Next Last This Here Frank: I want to stay here He said that he wanted to stay there. Monica: I am happy now She said that she was happy then. Reported Speech Then That day The day before The day after The following The previous that there

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Reported Speech
Perubahan tense tidak perlu diubah apabila kita

melaporkan sesuatu yang masih belum berubah. Example: John said that bus 273 doesnt stop here. Amy said she doesnt like K-Pop See this conversation
At 10 AM, Tommy meets Clara. Clara: I need an umbrella. Tommy: I can get it for you. At 10.05 AM, Tommy comes to his room and meets Martin. Tommy: I am going to lend Clara this umbrella, she told me that she needs an umbrella.

Reported Speech
Kalimat Interogatif 1.Yes or No questions
Kata sambung yang digunakan: asked if atau asked whether
Ron: Are you tired? Ron asked me whether I was tired. Ted: Do you speak French? Ted asked me if I spoke French.

2.Wh + H questions Kata sambung yang digunakan: asked dan Wh+h Q


Ron: Where do you live? Ron asked me where I lived. Ted: Who did break this glass? Ted asked me who has broken this glass.

Reported Speech
Kalimat Imperatif Bentuk Negatif
Gunakan not to Fred: Dont come late. Reported Speech: Fred told me not to come late.
Bentuk Positif Gunakan to Teacher: Read the English Grammar book. Reported Speech: My teacher told me to read the English Grammar book. Note: untuk kalimat imperatif biasanya kata hubung said jarang

digunakan.

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