Experiment 1 Study of R.T.D Sensor Aim: Study of Measurement temperature by using R.T.

.D Sensor Equipment: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) Trainer kit Pt-100 sensor Water heater Patch cord Thermometer Digital multimeter

Procedure: 1) Connect the given temperature sensor (PT-100) to the socket provided for sensor. 2) Observe the output of bridge on voltmeter. 3) Adjust the ten-turns potentiometer of bridge to the room temperature i.e., the voltage reading in MV. Suppose the room temperature is 300C, adjust the potentiometer to get the 30.0 meter in 200 MV range 4) Now, connect the digital indicator at the final amplifier output and calibrate the system by the potentiometer provided in the amplifier circuit. 5) The system can be calibrated at 1000C by boiling the water in water heater. 6) Now switch off the water heater and remove thermometer and sensor from the water. Insert the sensor in normal water to cool it at room temperature. Now place the sensor near the kit and observe the reading on digital panel meter. This is the room temperature. Verify it with the reading in thermometer. Theory: Resistance temperature detectors are thermally sensitive elements that exhibit an increase in temperature resistance as the temperature of their environment increases. Thus, these devices have a positive temperature coefficient and they are constructed of platinum, nickel, copper, tungsten or nickel-iron. Since the RTD will increase its resistance when the temperature of its environment increases, its resistance is a function of temperature and is usually determined at 00C. Thus, a 100 RTD will exhibit 100 resistance, when its temperature is 00C or 320F. As its temperature increases, likewise its resistance also increases. To determine the resistance of an RTD at any temperature within its range, the RTDs temperature coefficient must be known. The +ve temperature coefficient of resistance is stated as alpha and represents the percentage of change in resistance for each degree celcius change in temperature. The alpha of a platinum RTD is listed as 0.00385

Observations:

Sr. No.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Temperature(oC) 23 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Output Voltage ( Heating) mV 22.2 30 41.7 52.1 62.3 73.3 84.3 95.2 100.6

Input Voltage ( Heating) mV 22.5 29.7 40.7 51.4 62.3 73.1 83.9 94.7 100.6

Graph:

Sources of Error: We can observe hysteresis error from the above two plots during heating and cooling. It occurs because the sensors characteristics change when we approach it from different direction/path. The most prominent factor that contributes to the hysteresis error is strain within the sensing element caused by thermal expansion and contraction. The strains that cause hysteresis error are closely related to the strains that cause repeatability error. Conclusion: Thus, we have studied the basic principle of RTD i.e. its resistance will increase when the temperature of its environment increases and hence, is a function of temperature and is usually determined at 00C.