2013

SCIENCE FORM 3
CHAPTER 7 : ELECTRICITY

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MJ SC KUAL A TERENGANU

CHAPTER 7 : ELECTRICITY
7.1 ELECTROSTATICS
Electrostatics?The study of

static electrical charges.

The phenomenon
that occurs when the
charges are not
________________.

__________________
Nucleus consists of _____________
and _________________.

Model of an atom
Subatomic particles
Charge

Proton

Neutron

Electron

1. Atoms normally have ____________________ number of protons and electrons.

2. When two materials are ___________________ together, ________________ from the
atoms of one material may be ____________________ to the other.
3. An atom that __________________ electrons becomes positively ______________.
4. An atom that gains _______________ becomes ___________________ charged.
5. A charged cannot be ______________ or destroyed during friction but it can only be
___________________.
Electrostatic forces
Force produced when ________________ objects are brought together.
There are two kinds of electrostatic forces:
1. Repulsion
2. Attraction
Repulsion

Attraction

Force formed when the objects with the

________________ type of charges

_________________ types of charges

push each other apart and

pull and ______________ each other.

_______________.

Can occur when:

-

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Force formed when objects with the

Occur when:
-

Positive and _____________

_____________ and negative

charged objects are closed to each

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charged objects are close to each

other

other

Negative and _____________

charged objects are together

Example:

A balloon rubs with wool.

The balloon neutral surface will be charged. The balloon ________________ dust and paper.
Using a plastic comb to comb hair.
The friction produced ______________ the hair. Some strands of hair can be seen to
______________ on their ends.

How to detect static electrical charges?????

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Electroscope ?

Device that is used to ______________ and identify the

presence of __________________ charges and determine
the kind of charge on the _______________ material.

Metal cap

When the _______________ object is brought

close to the metal cap of the _________________,
the free electrons from the metal rod and

Metal rod

_________________ will be attracted to the metal

Gold leaf

Metal
plate

cap.
The metal rod is charged and then the gold leaf
____________________ from the metal plate
because of __________________.
The gold leaf will be _________________ if a
neutral material is brought near the metal cap.

Everyday phenomena related to electrostatics

LIGHTNING

++++
++

-------

Clouds are
_______ by wind
and become

++++

++++
++

The charged thundercloud

_______________ over a
building or another cloud.
Strong forces of ______________
between opposite charges may
be formed.
A spark of _______________
occurs when negative charges
jump from one charged cloud to
another or to the ground.

charged

7.2 ELECTRICITY

Electricity is a form of __________________ produced by electric current.

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It serves many useful purposes in our daily life.

SOURCES OF
ELECTRICAL
ENERGY

GENERATORS

ELECTRIC CELLS

Converts _______________

Example:

energy to electrical energy

dry cells

Ex: power stations, windmill,

lead-acid accumulator

dunamo

mercury cells

Usually run by :

solar cell

________________
________________
________________

CURRENT, VOLTAGE AND RESISTANCE

CURRENT

The rate of flow of charges.

Produced when there is a flow of __________________ charges.

The ______________ the flow of charges at certain time, the

stronger the ________________

VOLTAGE
RESISTANCE

Direction : from the __________________ terminal of the battery to

the ___________________ terminal through the circuit.

The electrical force needed to _________________ electrical

charges from one point to another point in a _________________

The characteristic of __________________ the flow of
______________ current

Different type of _________________ have different resistances

A good conductor has ________________ resistance which allows a

______________ electric current to flow through it.

A poor conductor has a __________________ resistance which

allows _____________________ electric current to flow through it.

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Electron
flow

Current flow

VAN DE GRAAFF GENERATOR

Van de graaff generator is
switched on.

Van de graaff

The dome of generator

becomes positive
_________________.

Connecting wire
Galvanometer

Earth

It attracts ________________
charges from earth to flow
to the ___________.
The ______________ of
charges produces an
electric
__________________ that
makes the pointer of the
galvanometer
___________________.

7.3 ELECTRIC CURRENT, VOLTAGE AND RESISTANCE

INSTRUMENT

UNIT /

FOR

SYMBOL

REMARKS

MEASURING

Electric current

Ammeter must be connected in

_______________ with other

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Voltage

electrical appliances in a circuit

Voltmeter must be connected in
_______________ to other

Resistance

electrical component in a circuit

Value depends on the
component

7.4 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CURRENT, VOLTAGE AND RESISTANCE

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RESISTANCE AND CURRENT
Resistor
An electrical component which ______________ the flow of electric current.
There are 2 types of resistor:
i. _____________________
Fixed resistor

ii. _____________________
Variable resistor / _______________

Have resistance that

________________ be changed

Have resistance that __________ be

changed to ______________ the
amount of electric current

Example:
-

Used to control the _____________

of a fan

Used to control the

_________________ of a radio

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VOLTAGE AND CURRENT

Ohms Law
The current flowing through a
conductor is directly proportional
to its voltage
Voltage (V) = Resistance (R)

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Current (I)
R is a constant known as
_______________ of the
conductor.

V
I

The ____________________ the resistance, the smaller the ________________.

The higher the voltage supplied, the ________________ the current in the circuit.

7.5 ELECTRIC CIRCUIT

Electric circuit???
A ____________ along which an
_______________________ is
able to flow.

Electrical

Symbol

Electrical

component
Electrical cell

component
Battery

Bulb

(more than one cell)

Fuse

Resistor

Switch

Galvanometer

ammeter

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Symbol

Rheostat

Voltmeter

(variable resistor)

Incomplete circuit / ____________

circuit

Complete circuit / ____________

circuit

Turning the switch ______ breaks the

circuit and ___________ the flow of
electrons.

Turning the switch ______ allows

electrons to ____________ and so
the ____________ lights up.

Series circuit and parallel circuit

Series circuit

Parallel circuit

Electrical component are connected one after

Electrical components are connected in

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____________________ in one __________.

The light bulbs connected in series

_______________________ paths.
The light bulbs connected in parallel glow

_______________ glow as ___________ as

__________________ than those connected

those connected in _________________.

If one light bulb is __________________, the

in series.
If one light bulb is disconnected, the other still

other does not _____________ because the

__________________. Current still

circuit is _____________________.

____________ through the ___________ light

bulb.
Similarities

The dry cells are the ________________ of electrical energy

The _____________ must be ______________ for current to flow

7.6 SERIES CIRCUIT

I
I1

R1

I2

R2

I3

R3

1. The current flowing through each bulb is the _______________ as the current flowing in
the circuit.

I = I 1 = I2 = I3
2. The sum of voltage across each bulb is ________________ to the voltage across the
circuit.

V = V 1 + V2 + V3

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3. The total resistance in the circuit is ________________ to the sum of resistances in

each bulb.

R = R 1 + R2 + R3
Advantages
1. When more cells are connected in

Disadvantages
1. If one of the bulbs burns out (fuses) or

series, the voltage across the circuit

__________________, the other bulb

________________ and the current

will not ________________.

also ______________________.

the circuit is _________________.

the bulbs glow ________________.

2.

2. When more bulbs are connected, the

The current that flows through each

bulbs become ________________.

bulb is ________________.

electrical energy is _____________

the bulbs light up with

by more bulbs

____________ brightness.

7.7 PARALLEL CIRCUIT

I
I1

R1

I2

R2

1. The current flowing from the energy source is _____________________ to the sum of
the current flowing through each bulb.

I = I1 + I2
2. The voltage across the circuit is ____________________ as the voltage across each
bulb.

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V = V1 = V2
3. The total resistance of the circuit is related by the formula:

1
R

= 1 + 1
R1 R2

Advantages
1. Current can flow in two or more ______________.
2. When one bulb burns out, current

Disadvantages
1. When more bulbs are
connected, the

_________________ flow through that path but

_________________ the

can still flow through _______________ paths and

dry cells become weak.

light up the _____________ bulbs.

3. Each electrical component can be
_____________________ by separate switches.
4. All identical bulbs will light up with the same
_________________.
5. If more bulbs are added, the brightness of the
bulbs _________________ the same.
every bulb get the same amount of
___________________.
7.8 MAGNETISM
Magnetic field?

The area around the ___________________ where its magnetic force

can be ________________.

The stronger the magnetic field, the _______________ the magnetic field lines.
Pattern of magnetic field:
-

All magnetic field lines run from the ________________ pole to the ____________
pole of the magnet.

They do not _____________ one another.

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Compass
Used to find directions in relation to the Earths magnetic ________________ pole.
Has a small magnetized needle hanging freely inside and always come to rest in the
___________________________ direction with the needle pointing _____________.

7.9 ELECTROMAGNETISM
Electromagnet ?

A type of magnet in which its ______________ is produced by the

__________ of electric current.

It needs _________________ energy to work

It loses its magnetism once the electrical supply is __________________.
It is a _________________ magnet.
When electrical current ______________
through a straight wire, the wire becomes

Magnetic field
lines

_________________________.
The magnetic field lines form concentric
_____________________ around the wire.
The magnetic field becomes
________________ if a larger current flows
Current

through the wire.

Right hand grip rule

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Exercise

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