TASK SHEET C confusables, common errors and other problems

DIRECTIONS Using the document ONLINE RESOURCES, figure out the meanings of confusables and pay attention to difficult spellings and other problems signalled. See each section for specific instructions. Many of these problems will be tested in your final exam ( FT & SSAA). INA! E"A# RE!E$ANCE This task sheet will be used for the SSAA part of your final exam. See the document BUSINESS COMMUNICATION - COURSE AND EXAM GUIDE for further details. TI%S Start working early in the semester. ea!ing a large amount of work for the last few days before the final exam could seriously reduce your chances of success in getting a high mark. "ttend as many seminars as possible # you will see how such language items will be used in the actual final exam ($uestion formats, exam strategies etc.) and also how they are used in real%life situations. "sk your teacher whene!er you encounter problems. &ou can do so in person or by email. &our teacher is there to guide and ad!ise you towards your best performance' Use the online dictionaries mentioned in this order of importance( LONGMAN ) OXFORD ) MACMILLAN ) CAMBRIDGE # your teacher will be using these dictionaries in the same order of importance when constructing your test $uestions. *emember that many *omanians use +nglish words incorrectly, ,ust because some +nglish words and grammatical structures are -*./0 & understood by some +nglish%learning *omanians due to a superficial similarity (i.e. based on *omanian language logic, rather than on +nglish language logic)' 1or example, the word actual is !ery different in +nglish and *omanian usages' *emember that learning a foreign language also means T23/43/0 3/ " 5311+*+/T -"& as compared to your own mother tongue' -ords in a foreign language # although they may look like words in your own nati!e language (*omanian, for instance) # can mean 6+*& 5311+*+/T T23/0S' -ork systematically and constantly' 5oing a lot of work during one week and none or !ery little during another week will not help' 5o a small amount of work constantly, based on a plan 7 schedule. "lways come back to pre!ious work done, from time to time' This kind of re!ision will enable you to start recogni8ing (and using) what you9!e already studied.

CON &SA'!ES
THESE (ORDS ARE $ER) RE*&ENT!) CON &SED+ USE A DICTIONARY FOR EXTRA HELP! CON &SA'!ES AS %AIRS , -RO&%S alternate 7 alternati!e alternate 7 alternati!e attendee 7 attendant attendee 7 attendant base 7 basis base 7 basis beside 7 besides beside 7 besides business 7 businesses business 7 businesses continuously 7 continually continuously 7 continually custom 7 habit INDI$ID&A! (ORDS )O&R NOTES , E"A#%!ES

alternate alternat./e attendee attendant base bas.s bes.de bes.des bus.ness bus.nesses cont.nuousl0 cont.nuall0 custom

custom 7 habit disability 7 inability disability 7 inability do 7 make do 7 make economic 7 economical economic 7 economical effecti!e 7 efficient effecti!e 7 efficient further 7 farther further 7 farther historic 7 historical historic 7 historical insurance 7 assurance 7 reassurance insurance 7 assurance 7 reassurance insurance 7 assurance 7 reassurance insure 7 ensure 7 assure 7 reassure

hab.t d.sab.l.t0 .nab.l.t0 do ma1e econom.c econom.cal effect./e eff.c.ent further farther h.stor.c h.stor.cal .nsurance assurance reassurance .nsure

insure 7 ensure 7 assure 7 reassure insure 7 ensure 7 assure 7 reassure insure 7 ensure 7 assure 7 reassure ,ob 7 career ,ob 7 career lie 7 lay lie 7 lay moral 7 morale moral 7 morale note 7 notice note 7 notice occasion 7 opportunity occasion 7 opportunity onset 7 outset onset 7 outset personal 7 interpersonal personal 7 interpersonal

ensure assure reassure 2ob career l.e la0 moral morale note not.ce occas.on opportun.t0 onset outset personal .nterpersonal

personnel 7 staff personnel 7 staff product 7 produce (nouns) product 7 produce (nouns) re$uirement 7 re$uest re$uirement 7 re$uest relation 7 relationship relation 7 relationship rise 7 raise rise 7 raise safety 7 security safety 7 security sex 7 gender sex 7 gender status 7 statute status 7 statute

personnel staff product produce re3u.rement re3uest relat.on relat.onsh.p r.se ra.se safet0 secur.t0 se4 5ender status statute

CO##ON ERRORS
SO#E ST&DENTS '&I!D (ORDS 'ASED ON !O-IC ON!) (ORD '&I!DIN- IN EN-!ISH IS AR RO# !O-ICA!6 A!SO, SO#E ST&DENTS THINK THAT CERTAIN RO#ANIAN7SO&NDIN- (ORDS IN EN-!ISH HA$E THE SA#E #EANIN- AS IN EN-!ISH+ SO#ETI#ES THIS IS NOT THE CASE+ USE A DICTIONARY FOR EXTRA HELP! THESE (ORDS , E"%RESSIONS DO NOT E"IST IN THESE ARE THE CORRECT EN-!ISH E*&I$A!ENTS EN-!ISH, THE) ARE &SED INCORRECT!) OR THE) ARE #ISS%E!T academ.c academ.c.an actual ad/ert.sment ad/.ces anne4 bee.n5+++ caffe cathe5or0 cho.se consecrate countab.l.t0 , contab.l.t0 Dear !ad0, 9.n letters , ema.ls: Dear #.ster, 9.n letters , ema.ls: d.scuss about someth.n5 elaborate a document etc+ acult0 of Econom.c , Econom.cal Sc.ences 5raduate a un./ers.t0 , facult0 I d.dn;t ta1e the e4am of #ar1et.n5+ I don;t ha/e a /erbal process+ I for5ot m0 student card at home+++ I 5a/e an e4am of rench+ I ha/e a course , sem.nar of En5l.sh+ Th.s 8ord .s not used l.1e .n Roman.an+ !oo1 .t up6 Th.s 8ord .s not used l.1e .n Roman.an+ !oo1 .t up6 Th.s 8ord .s not used l.1e .n Roman.an+ !oo1 .t up6 ad!ertisement ad!ice: some ad!ice: a piece 7 a word of ad!ice Th.s 8ord .s not used l.1e .n Roman.an+ !oo1 .t up6 being cafe category choice Th.s 8ord .s not used l.1e .n Roman.an+ !oo1 .t up6 accounting 7 accountancy 5ear Madam, 5ear Ms 7 Mrs 7 Miss ;ones etc. 5ear Sir, 5ear Mr ;ones etc. discuss something draw up a document 7 draft a document 1aculty of +conomics graduate from a uni!ersity 7 faculty 3 didn9t pass the exam in Marketing. 3 don9t ha!e a formal statement. 3 left my student card at home. 7 3 forgot my student card. 3 took 7 sat an exam in 1rench. 3 ha!e a lecture 7 seminar in +nglish.

I ha/e emot.ons+++ 9Rom< am emo..: I left m0 paper at the secretar0+++ I 8ant to cand.date for+++ I 8ant to correct m0 mar1+++ I 8.ll f.n.sh m0 facult0 , un./ers.t0 +++ I 8.ll ha/e m0 l.cence , l.cense e4am+++ I;m a5ree I;m .nterest.n5+++ .ne4.stent .nformat.ons .rre5ardless len5ht ma1e an e4erc.se man0 mone0 musculous #0 note .s 8ron5+++ #0 sect.on .s .nance and 'an1.n5+ necesarl0 ner/os.t0 offert on another hand on one hand on the short , lon5 term part.c.pant at , to , .nto someth.n5 part.c.pate at , to , .nto someth.n5 part.c.pat.on at , to , .nto someth.n5 performant plan9n:.f.cat.on profess.on.st representant roman.an, en5l.sh etc+ ser.os.t0 s.ncerl0 9.n letters: spectaculous

3 am ner!ous. 3 left my paper with the secretary 7 at the secretary9s office. 3 want to run for... 7 3 want to be a candidate for... 3 want to upgrade my mark. 3 will finish my (undergraduate 7 (post)graduate) studies... 3 will ha!e my final exam(s) 7 my thesis 7 dissertation defence... 3 agree. 39m interested (in something). nonexistent information regardless 7 irrespecti!e (of something) length do an exercise much 7 a lot of money muscular My mark is wrong. My ma,or is 1inance and <anking. necessarily ner!ousness offer on the other hand on the one hand in the short 7 long term participant in something participate 7 take part in something participation in something competiti!e planning professional (noun and ad,ecti!e) representati!e (noun and ad,ecti!e) *omanian, +nglish etc. seriousness sincerely spectacular

stren5ht thau5ht thou5t tour.st.c tra.n.n5s un.c.t0 (hat means "= 8.ht )our s.ncerl0 9.n letters:

strength thought thought tourist (noun and ad,ecti!e: e.g. tourist attractions) training (sessions 7 courses) uni$ueness -hat does = mean> with &ours sincerely (<r+) 7 Sincerely yours ("m+)

OTHER %RO'!E#S 9>:

HERE ARE THE CORRECT SIN-&!AR AND %!&RA! OR#S O SO#E NO&NS+ USE A DICTIONARY FOR EXTRA HELP! SIN-&!AR %!&RA! analysis analyses basis> bases crisis crises hypothesis hypotheses thesis theses etc+ aircraft? aircraft means@ means series series species species etc+ criterion criteria curriculum curriculaA fungusB fungi mediumC media phenomenon phenomena syllabus syllabi etc+

? @

Base and basis are different as nouns (look them up in a dictionary). The plural of basis is bases. The plural of base is also bases. Aircraft and s acecraft follow the same rule. <ut if you speak of crafts in general (*om( meteuguri), you ha!e craft (singular) and crafts (plural). A ike in !ea"s #f tra"s #rt. Mea" is ne!er used as a singular noun' B <y adopting this word directly from +nglish, *omanians make a mistake in grammatical and lexical usage( Curicula nu este adaptat nvmntului superior: the correct alternati!e would be( $r#%ra!a nu este adaptat nvmntului superior. C Fu"%us and !us&r##! are different' ook them up in a dictionary' D Me'iu! ( !e'iu!s E people with paranormal abilities. F.f. the !ass !e'ia (E newspapers, tele!ision, radio etc.).

OTHER %RO'!E#S 9?:

HERE ARE SO#E DI IC&!T S%E!!IN-S O SO#E DERI$ATI$ES+ USE A DICTIONARY FOR EXTRA HELP! ADDECTI$E broad deep high long strong weighty (E hea!y) wide NO&N breadth depth height length strength weight width $ER' broaden deepen heighten lengthen strengthen weigh widen

OTHER %RO'!E#S 9@:

SO#E RE-&!AR OR IRRE-&!AR $ER'S ARE DI USE A DICTIONARY FOR EXTRA HELP! 'ASE OR# arise (irregular), 3/T*"/S3T36+ arouse (regular), T*"/S3T36+ lay (irregular), T*"/S3T36+E lie (irregular), 3/T*"/S3T36+F lie (regular), 3/T*"/S3T36+ raise (regular), T*"/S3T36+ rise (irregular), 3/T*"/S3T36+ rouse (regular), T*"/S3T36+ IC&!T 'ECA&SE THE) HA$E SI#I!AR S%E!!IN-S+ %AST OR# arose aroused laid lay lied raised rose roused %AST %ARTICI%!E OR# arisen aroused laid lain lied raised risen roused

OTHER %RO'!E#S 9A:

HERE IS A S%ECIA! S%E!!IN- %RO'!E# RE-ARDIN- AN AD$ER'+ USE A DICTIONARY FOR EXTRA HELP! ADDECTI$E AD$ER' public publiclyG

Transiti!e !erbs always take a direct ob,ect( She lay the table for the 6 of us. The table is the direct ob,ect of lay and responds to the $uestion What did she lay> H 3ntransiti!e !erbs ne!er take direct ob,ects( Bulgaria lies to the south of Romania . /.T( Bulgaria lays to the south of Romania ' Ilease note that la0 7 l.e can be $uite confusing regarding past and participle forms' "lso remember that one and the same !erb can be used transiti!ely (Im eating a pi a # the direct ob,ect is mentioned( a pi a) or intransiti!ely( Im eating # the direct ob,ect is not mentioned). J This is the one and only exception you will e!er ha!e to remember for correct usage in this sense' The rule is that whene!er you add the )l* suffix to an ad,ecti!e ending in either )ic or )ical, you will ha!e an ad!erb, e.g. scie"tific ) scie"tificall*, ec#"#!ic ) ec#"#!icall*, ec#"#!ical ) ec#"#!icall* etc. 2owe!er, ublicall* is incorrect. This is the only exception( ublicl*'

OTHER %RO'!E#S 9B:

NOT A!! (ORDS THAT END IN )L+ ARE E"C!&SI$E!) AD$ER'S6>H USE A DICTIONARY FOR EXTRA HELP! THESE ARE ON!) ADDECTI$ES THESE ARE %OSSI'!E AD$ER' E*&I$A!ENTS friendly, cowardly, lo!ely, leisurely etc. in a friendly 7 cowardly lo!ely 7 leisurely way 7 manner etc. etc+ THESE CAN 'E EITHER ADDECTI$ES OR AD$ER'S 9depend.n5 on conte4t: early hourly weekly>> daily>? monthly>@ yearly etc+ THIS CAN ON!) 'E AN ADDECTI$E OR A NO&N 9depend.n5 on conte4t: $uarterly etc+

?K

"s a rule, if you add )L+ to an ad,ecti!e, you obtain an ad!erb( beautiful ) beautifull*, "ice ) "icel*, ,#"'erful ) ,#"'erfull* etc. 2owe!er, there are some exceptions (see the tables abo!e). <y the way, although you ha!e the word full spelt with double L as a single word (e.g. a r##! full #f e# le), as a suffix, the spelling is )FUL( e.g. ,#"'erful: you only ha!e a double L in the suffix if you also add )L+ to form an ad!erb( e.g. ,#"'erfull*. ?? See footnote (?@) below. ?@ This can also be a noun( What dailies do you read! (E -hat daily newspapers>) ?A See footnote (?@) abo!e.

OTHER %RO'!E#S 9C:

SO#E ADDECTI$ES CAN ON!) 'E &SED A TER NO&NS, NOT IN RONT O O!!O(IN- AND A!(A)S CHECK A DICTIONAR) (HEN &NS&RE+ USE A DICTIONARY FOR EXTRA HELP! ADDECTI$ES THAT ARE ON!) &SED A TER NO&NS A'!AIE( "he building #as abla-e. A RAID( She is afrai' of heights$ A!ONE( (e is al#"e$ AS!EE%( "he dog #as aslee $ etc+ THE# AND $ICE $ERSA6 RE#E#'ER THE %OSSI'!E ADDECTI$E E*&I$A!ENTS "he bur"i"% building collapsed$ "he scare' % fri%&te"e' #oman #ouldnt &ump' "he l#"el* % l#"es#!e guy hardly ever goes out$ )et slee i"% dogs lie'./

?B

Iro!erb E Ldo not make a seemingly dangerous situation e!en more dangerous'M