Data Communication Network Evolution

Motivation SNA DNA TYMNET ARPANET

SNA (Systems Network Architecture)

Layered communications protocol used by IBM for communications between IBM mainframes and devices Uses token ring as the access method (IEEE 802.5)

Physical Units on an SNA Network

AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofSNA Advantages
Provide reliable and tested communications with IBM systems

Disadvantage g
requires special devices and complex training to configure, manage and troubleshoot

Still used in some networks of Banks in USA

DNA( (Digital g NetworkArchitecture) )

Developed for use on networks using DEC computers Architecture used by Digital Equipment Corporation computers (now Compaq) DNA Structured Model

Has eight layers Many hardware platforms need to communicate Protocols Digital Data Communication Message Protocol (DDCMP) X.25 Ethernet Eth t

TYMNET
TYMNET was a commercial network developed d l d by b TIMEShare TIMESh in i 1971. 1971 TYMNET I, was designed to interface low-speed (10-30 character/s) terminals to a few (less than 30) time time-sharing sharing computers. The data rate was low, the size of the network was small (less than 100 nodes), The log-on rate low (less than 10 new users/min). Interacted I t t d with ith full f ll duplex d l terminals t i l on a character h t by b character h t basis.

Mechanisms for data transmission in TYMNET

TYMNET was p packet switched network A tree structure for supervisory control of the original network A virtual circuit approach for user data transmission and multiplexing lti l i over single i l physical h i l link. li k Avirtual i lcircuit i i scheme h supportsnodes d with i hsmall ll buffers b ff memory.

Features of TYMNET
Time Time-shared shared capability Terminal-oriented Data processing: Interactive, Duplex system

R ti in Routing i TYMNET
routing g is centralized ( (virtual circuits) ) Uses adaptive shortest path routing algorithm (Dijkstras & Bellman Fords) The supervisory node computes the shortest path and sends a needle packet to source that contains the routing information.

Routing in TYMNET
routing g is centralized ( (virtual circuits) ) Uses adaptive shortest path routing algorithm (Dijkstras & Bellman Fords) The supervisory node computes the shortest path and sends a needle packet to source that contains the routing information.

TYMNETversions i
TYMNET-I : the supervisory node explicitly sets the routing tables at the nodes. It I wasimplemented i l din i 16bit bi minicomputers. i i TYMNET-II : routing tables are set by a set-up packets that precedes the transmission of data. It wasimplementedin32bitminicomputers. minicomputers Supports high density network Note: N t Both B th versions i use Virtual Vi t l Circuit Ci it Approach A h

Diff Difference b/w b/ TYMNET-I TYMNET I & II

In TYMNET-I the supervisor maintains an image of the internal routing tables of all the nodes and explicitly reads and writes the tables in the nodes, In TYMNET TYMNET-II II the nodes maintain their own tables, and there is much less interaction between node and supervisor.

ARPANET
First satellite Launched by the then Soviet Union in 1957 Seen as a defeat by the US Spurred on by President Kennedy and his vision to put man on the moon by the end of the decade, two new agencies were formed NASA and ARPA in the DoD (Department of Defense) ARPA was the founding agency of ARPANET which eventually led to the Internet

SPUTNIK

ARPANET EVENTS
First four computers connected in 1969 Build a minicomputer in each site as an interface between network & mainframe nodes Process messages and were called Interface Message Processors
E-mail E mail developed by Ray Tomlinson of Bolt Beranek & Newman (BBN) corporation By 1973, E-mail was 75% of all ARPANET Traffic Also in 1973, TCP/IP was conceived by Vinton Cerf of Standford & Bob Kahn of DARPA Message switched network: network:- each node stores a copy of the message until it is safely received at the following node (a store and forward system)

Layout of the ARPANET Hosts and terminals "talk" with each other via the IMP-subnet.

ARPANET
message switched network. each node stores a copy of the message until it is safely received at the following node (a store and forward system) y ) identical processors - kept at each node connect these processors to leased common-carrier circuits to form a subnet Research computers at each node are connected to these identical processors, processors which are called Interface Message Processors (IMPs).

Growth of the ARPANET (a)December 1969, (b)July 1970, (c)March 1971 1971, (d)April 1972. 1972 (e)September 1972. 1972

The Evolution of ARPANET