ELECTRICAL POWER (140902) QUESTIONS AND EXAMPLES FROM GTU QUESTIONS PAPER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

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QUESTIONS AND EXAMPLES Compare (i) radial distribution system (ii) ring or loop distribution system (iii) network or grid distribution system. Also state applications. Explain string efficiency and methods to improve this for insulators. How are these tested to determine flashover voltage? Name the place with reasons where the following conductors are used. (i) All aluminum conductor (ii) ACSR conductor (ii) Stay (Guy wire) (iv) GI wire. Why are stranded conductors used? Classify the underground cables according to insulation used, voltage rating and number of cores .Sketch a typical 3 core cable and label the important parts With the help of neat diagrams explain the relative advantages and disadvantages of Radial, Ring Main and rconnected Grid systems of distribution. What is string efficiency? Explain the methods of improving string efficiency. In the following figs., which represent equivalent capacitor arrangements for strings of suspension insulators, C = 0.125C and the maximum voltage across any unit is not to exceed 13.2 kV. Find the maximum voltage that each arrangement can withstand.

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Write a short note on Pressure cables. Explain different types of distribution system with diagram. Discuss the various conductor materials used for overhead lines. What are their relative advantages and disadvantages. Give reason for unequal potential distribution over string of suspension insulators. Define string efficiency. Can its value be equal to 100%? Explain various types of insulators used for overhead lines. Each line of a 3 phase system is suspended by a string of 3 similar insulators .If the voltage across the line unit is 17.5 kV ,calculate the string efficiency .Assume that the shunt capacitance between each insulator and earth is 1/8th of the capacitance of the insulator itself. Explain the different types of distribution system with diagram.

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19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Compare overhead transmission system with underground transmission system. 26 Explain with diagram (i) Pin type and (ii) Suspension type of insulators. In 33KV, overhead lines there are three units in the string of insulators. If the capacitance between each insulator pin and earth is 11 % of self capacitance of 27 each insulator, find (i) The distribution of voltage over three insulators and (ii) String efficiency. Each line of a 3-phase system is suspended by a string of 3 similar insulators. If the voltage across the line unit is 175 kV, calculate the line to neutral voltage. 28 Assume that the shunt capacitance between each insulator and earth is 1/8th of the capacitance of the insulator itself. Also find the string efficiency. A 2-wire d.c. distributor AB is fed from both ends. At feeding point A, the voltage is maintained as at 230 V and at B 235 V. The total length of the distributor is 200 metres and loads are tapped off as under :25 A at 50 metres 29 from A ; 50 A at 75 metres from A30 A at 100 metres from A ; 40 A at 150 metres from A ,the resistance per kilometre of one conductor is 03. Calculate (i) currents in various sections of the distributor (ii) minimum voltage and the point at which it occurs Draw and explain the construction of pin type insulator. Also Explain How does 30 skin effect vary with conductor material ? A single phase a.c. distributor AB 300 metres long is fed from end A and is loaded as under : (i) 100 A at 0707 p.f. lagging 200 m from point A (ii) 200 A 31 at 08 p.f. lagging 300 m from point A The load resistance and reactance of the distributor is 02 and 01 per kilometre. Calculate the total voltage drop in the istributor. The load power factors refer to the voltage at the far end. Draw and explain the general construction of an underground cable. Also only 32 draw key diagram of 66Kv/ 11Kv substation

Distinguish between a feeder, distributor and service main in distribution scheme show that the x-section of a feeder and distributor would be reduced to 1/k and 1/k2 of their respect value with an increase in working voltage by k times. Compare over head line with underground cable as medium of power transmission, Also discuss the special features of alternators used in hydro plants. Explain the methods used for improving the voltage distribution along the string of insulators in over head lines (deduce the relation) Write a short note in different types of insulator used for over head lines and their application. Show with the help of a neat-sketch, the electrostatic field of a pin insulator and explain how far the shape of modern insulator confirm to these requirements Draw and explain generalized cable construction and explain them detail. Compare overhead transmission line v/s underground transmission line. Enlist types of insulator and explain any two with neat sketch Discuss types of distributors in dc distribution. What is string efficiency? Explain various methods of improving string efficiency. Explain general construction of cable with neat diagram.

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Derive the expression for power loss in the distributor which is uniformly loaded with: 33 a) fed at one end b) feed at both ends with equal voltage

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ELECTRICAL POWER (140902)

QUESTIONS AND EXAMPLES FROM GTU QUESTIONS PAPER

DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
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QUESTIONS AND EXAMPLES Compare over head line with underground cable as medium of power transmission, Also discuss the special features of alternators used in hydro plants.

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Compare overhead transmission line v/s underground transmission line.

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Compare overhead transmission system with underground transmission system. Compare (i) radial distribution system (ii) ring or loop distribution system (iii) network or grid distribution system. Also state applications. With the help of neat diagrams explain the relative advantages and disadvantages of Radial, Ring Main and rconnected Grid systems of Explain different types of distribution system with diagram. Explain the different types of distribution system with diagram. Distinguish between a feeder, distributor and service main in distribution scheme show that the x-section of a feeder and distributor would be reduced to 1/k and 1/k2 of their respect value with an increase in working voltage by k times. Discuss types of distributors in dc distribution.

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Overhead & underground transmission of power Overhead & underground transmission of power Overhead & underground transmission of power Distribution system Distribution system Distribution system Distribution system Distribution system Distribution system

A 2-wire d.c. distributor AB is fed from both ends. At feeding point A, the voltage is maintained as at 230 V and at B 235 V. The total length of the distributor is 200 metres and loads are tapped off as under :25 A at 50 metres 10 from A ; 50 A at 75 metres from A30 A at 100 metres from A ; 40 A at 150 metres from A ,the resistance per kilometre of one conductor is 03. Calculate (i) currents in various sections of the distributor (ii) minimum voltage and the point at which it occurs A single phase a.c. distributor AB 300 metres long is fed from end A and is loaded as under : (i) 100 A at 0707 p.f. lagging 200 m from point A (ii) 200 A at 08 p.f. lagging 300 m from point A The load resistance and reactance of the distributor is 02 and 01 per kilometre. Calculate the total voltage drop in the istributor. The load power factors refer to the voltage at the far end. Derive the expression for power loss in the distributor which is uniformly loaded with: a) fed at one end b) feed at both ends with equal voltage Classify the underground cables according to insulation used, voltage rating and number of cores .Sketch a typical 3 core cable and label the important parts Write a short note on Pressure cables. Draw and explain generalized cable construction and explain them detail.

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Distribution system

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Distribution system Cables Cables Cables

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16 Explain general construction of cable with neat diagram.

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Draw and explain the general construction of an underground cable. Also only draw key diagram of 66Kv/ 11Kv substation Name the place with reasons where the following conductors are used. (i) All aluminum conductor (ii) ACSR conductor (ii) Stay (Guy wire) (iv) GI wire. Why are stranded conductors used? Discuss the various conductor materials used for overhead lines. What are their relative advantages and disadvantages. Explain various types of insulators used for overhead lines. Write a short note in different types of insulator used for over head lines and their application. Show with the help of a neat-sketch, the electrostatic field of a pin insulator and explain how far the shape of modern insulator confirm to these requirements

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Cables Conductors Conductors Insulator Insulator Types of insulator Types of insulator Types of indulator String efficiency String efficiency

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22 Enlist types of insulator and explain any two with neat sketch 23 Explain with diagram (i) Pin type and (ii) Suspension type of insulators. Draw and explain the construction of pin type insulator. Also Explain How does skin effect vary with conductor material ? Explain string efficiency and methods to improve this for insulators. How are 25 these tested to determine flashover voltage? 24 26 What is string efficiency? Explain the methods of improving string efficiency. In the following figs., which represent equivalent capacitor arrangements for strings of suspension insulators, C = 0.125C and the maximum voltage across any unit is not to exceed 13.2 kV. Find the maximum voltage that each arrangement can withstand.

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Give reason for unequal potential distribution over string of suspension insulators. Define string efficiency. Can its value be equal to 100%? Each line of a 3 phase system is suspended by a string of 3 similar insulators .If the voltage across the line unit is 17.5 kV ,calculate the string efficiency .Assume that the shunt capacitance between each insulator and earth is 1/8th of the capacitance of the insulator itself. Explain the methods used for improving the voltage distribution along the string of insulators in over head lines (deduce the relation) What is string efficiency? Explain various methods of improving string efficiency. In 33KV, overhead lines there are three units in the string of insulators. If the capacitance between each insulator pin and earth is 11 % of self capacitance of each insulator, find (i) The distribution of voltage over three insulators and (ii) String efficiency. Each line of a 3-phase system is suspended by a string of 3 similar insulators. If the voltage across the line unit is 175 kV, calculate the line to neutral voltage. Assume that the shunt capacitance between each insulator and earth is 1/8th of the capacitance of the insulator itself. Also find the string efficiency.

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String efficiency String efficiency String efficiency String efficiency String efficiency

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