40 Pua, Mark Anthony F.

2DPH

11/14/13

There are many different types of microscope. Here are some types. The first type is Light or optical microscope, these type of microscopes use light to make an image. The parts of a microscope are eyepiece where we view the specimen, revolving nosepiece (turret) which houses the objective lenses, course adjust which brings the specimen in general focus, fine adjust which fine tunes the focus and increase the detail of the specimen, LPO (low power objective), HPO (high power objective), OIO (oil immersion objective), stage which is the platform where the slide is located, stage clips which holds the slides, stage height adjustment which moves the stage, aperture which is the hole in the middle of the stage, arm which connects the body to the base, condenser which gathers light from the illuminator, Diaphragm (iris or disc) which adjust the amount of light that reaches the specimen, base which supports the microscope, light switch which is used to activate or deactivate the light source and light source (illuminator). The second type is electron microscopes; this microscopes magnification can be obtained by a beam of electrons. The parts of electron microscope is somewhat the same as the optical microscope the only difference is the illuminator is replaced by the electron gun which produces the electron beam. Optical microscope can be subdivided in to several microscopes or categories. The first one is Compound microscope which is the most common type of microscope. Compound microscope uses light which transmits through a specimen that is mounted on a glass slide. And then focused in a series of lenses. This type of microscope is commonly used in laboratory experiments. The second one is the stereo microscope or also called the dissecting microscope. Just like compound microscopes, they also use light. They are used primarily to study the morphology of a specimen. The magnification of this microscope is low that is why it is hard to distinguish structure on cellular level unlike the compound microscope. Electron microscope has two types. The first one is TEM or transmission electron microscope. Here, the electron beam is passed through the specimen which makes a 2 dimensional image. The second one is SEM or the scanning electron microscope. In this electron microscope, the electron beam is projected on the specimen. The electron beam bounce off the specimen unlike in the TEM in which the electron beam passes through. This microscope produces 3 dimensional images.

1. Refractive index is something that measures the speed of light as it goes through an objective. Is the ratio between real depth (the distance from the object to the surface of the medium) and apparent depth (the distance from the virtual image pf the object to the surface of the medium); The ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in a medium under consideration. 2. parfocal - This means that once you've focused on an object using one objective, the microscope will still be coarsely focused when you switch to a different objective. All you'll have to do is adjust the fine focus a bit.

3. Working distance -the distance between the front lens of a microscope and the object when the instrument is correctly focused. 4. Magnification -apparent increase in size, as under the microscope. Microscope magnification is how large the object will appear compared to its actual size. ratio of the apparent size of an object as seen through the microscope and the actual size of the object 5. Total magnification -Total magnification is the product of the object you are magnifying multiplied by the power of the eyepiece; The product of the magnification of the eyepiece and the magnification the objective lens 6. Focal length-The distance from the surface of a lens or mirror to its focal point.

References: 1. Microbiology for Dental Students By B.S. Nagoba, Basv Raj Nagoba 2 Teaching Plant Anatomy Through Creative Laboratory Exercises By R. Larry Peterson, Carol A. Peterson, Lewis H. Melville 3. http://www.microbehunter.com/2010/01/19/different-types-of-microscopes/