16 Tenses In English

CHAPTER I PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

1.1 THE USE OF PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE We use The Present Continuous Tense when we talk about something whi h is ha!!ening at the time o" s!eaking. Example : Please #on$t make so mu h noise. I$m stu#%ing. We also use The Present Continuous Tense when we talk about something whi h is ha!!ening a&oun# the time o" s!eaking' but not ne essa&il% e(a tl% at the time o" s!eaking. Example : Silvia is learning English at the moment. We often use the Present Continuous when we talk about a !e&io# a&oun# the !&esent. Example :Youre working hard today. Yes, I have a lot of to do We use the present continuous when we talk about the hanging situation. Example : he population without !o"s is in#reasing very fast. $.%. &E '()E*+S ,- I.E /SE( he adver"s of time used in 0resent 1ontinous tense are 23,W, *I4& 3,W, ,.,**,W,E 1 $.5. THE PATTERN OF PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE he patterns of 0resent #ontinous tense #onsist of : $.5.'. 0ositive 0attern S 6 am7is7are 6 )er" 899999999999999999.3ow S 6 sedang 6 899999999999999..sekarang Examples : $. I am studying English now. %. We are going to :akarta tomorrow ;akan< 5. You are singing now. 8. &e is making a #ake now. =. she is sewing a shirt now. ANDI ASRIFAN
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16 Tenses In English >. ?. @. hey are playing foot"all in the field now. om and 'ni are doing their homework tomorrow. he students are doing sport now.

$.5." he 3egative 0attern S 6 am7is7are 6 3ot 6 )er" 899999999999999 3ow S 6 tidak sedang 6 8 99999999999999.sekarang Example : $. I am not studying now %. &e is not sleeping now 5. .y father is not wat#hing television now. 8. we arent going to :akarta omorrow. $.5.#. he Interrogative 0attern 'm7Is7're 6 S 6 )er" 89999999999999999..3owA 'pakah 6 S 6 sedang 6 89999999999sekarang A Examples : $. 're you studying English now A Yes, I am7 3o, I am not %. Is he eating fried ri#e nowA Yes, he is7 3o, he isnt 5. Is your father working in the offi#e nowA Yes, &e is73o, &e isnt $.5.d. BuestionCword 0attern BW 6 'm7Is7're 6 S 6 )er" 89999999999999...3owA BW 6 yang 6 S 6 899999999999999..sekarangA Examples : $. what are you doing now A studying %. Where is he studying English now A at s#hool EDE*1ISE I : ranslate these senten#es into English. $. :a#k sedang tidur sekarang %. .ary sedang menger!akan tugas itu 5. Eami sedang menonton se"uah film di televisi 8. .ereka sedang "ermain "ola di halaman sekarang =. 4uru itu sedang menerangkan pela!aran itu. >. 0erusahaan itu sedang tum"uh dengan pesat sekarang. ?. &arga saham di "ursa Efek :akarta sedang naik sekarang @. 0ak 'di sedang menga!ar "ahasa Inggris di kampus sekarang F. 0olisi terse"ut sedang men#ari 'li sekarang. $G. 'na, 'ni, dan om sedang "erdiskusi sekarang. ANDI ASRIFAN
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16 Tenses In English

EDE*1ISE % : 1hange the following senten#es into ;6<, ;C<, and ;A< $. %. 5. 8. =. >. ?. hey are speaking English now. We are not reading now. Is your mother frying ri#e nowA 3o, she isnt. What is your father looking at now A a pi#ture. &e is wat#hing 20lan to killH on ) now. he tea#her is not explaining tenses to the students now. Is .aradona playing foot"all in 'rgentina 3owA

EDE*1ISE 5 : Write Iuestions "y using Iuestion words "ased on the underlined words in the following senten#es. $. :ohn is eating a plate of ri#e in the dining room now. %. he #at is eating fried #hi#ken in the kit#hen now. 5. om and :erry are Iuarrelling a"out food now. 8. .y father is tea#hing +iology at s#hool now. EDE*1ISE 8 : 'nswer the following Iuestions with your own words. $. %. 5. 8. =. >. ?. 're you studying English now A Is your father reading a newspaper nowA Is your mother sewing a shirt nowA 're hey singing a song at home nowA Is .r.'di tea#hing English at s#hool nowA What is your mother doing nowA What is your "rother doing nowA

EDE*1ISE = : Write senten#es "y using the following ver"s Writing, speaking, sewing, growing, dis#ussing, doing, hunting, eating, drinking, dan#ing, singing, making, "uilding, tea#hing, explaining, talking, wat#hing, shopping, sleeping, typing, driving, riding, training, working

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16 Tenses In English

CHAPTER ) PAST TENSE %.$. he /se of Simple 0ast ense

We use the past simple to talk a"out a tions o& situations in the !ast. %.%. he 'dver"s of time used he adver"s of time used in this tense are Yesterday, last9.., a week ago, this morning , last night, yesterday morning, yesterweek, yestermonth, yesteryear, et#. %.5. he 0atterns of Simple 0ast ense

%.5.$. he 0ositive 0attern

S 6 )er" %99999999999999999999 Yesterday S 6 %9999999999999999999.. Examples : $. :ohn saw a #ro#odile in the river yesterday. %. We studied English here last week. 5. hey played foot"all in the field yesteryear %.5.%. he 3egative 0attern S 6 didnt 6 )er" $99999999999999 99..Yesterday S 6 tidak 6 $9999999999999kemarin Examples : $. :ohn didnt see a #ro#odile in the river yesterday. %. We didnt study here last week. 5. hey didnt play foot"all in the field yesteryear. %.5.5. he Interrogative 0attern (id 6 S 6 )er" $99999999999999999..YesterdayA 'pakah 6 S 6 $9999999999999999kemarinA Examples: $. (id :ohn see a #ro#odile in the river yesterday A Yes, he did73o, he didnt %. (id you study here last week A Yes, we did7 3o, we didnt ANDI ASRIFAN
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16 Tenses In English 5. (id they play foot"all in the field yesteryearA Yes, they did73o, they didnt %.5.8. he BuestionCword 0attern BW 6 did 6 S 6 )er" $999999999999.999YesterdayA

Bw 6 yang 6 S 6 $99999999999999.A Examples: $. What did :ohn see in the river yesterday A a #ro#odile %. When did :ohn see a #ro#odile in the riverA yesterday
BW 6 )er" %999999999999.999YesterdayA S 6 did

BW 6 %99999999999..A Examples : $. Who saw a #ro#odile in the river yesterday A :ohn did %. What grew in the ri#eCfield last yearA ' #o#onut tree did
EDE*1ISE I : ranslate these senten#es into English J $. Eami men!ual mo"il kami kemarin %. 'pakah kamu pergi ke luar tadi malam A 5. (ia tidak datang ke pesta itu minggu lalu 8. 'pakah kamu tidur nyenyak tadi malam A =. Eami men!ual rumah kami di :akarta tahun lalu. >. .ana!er pemasaran terse"ut melakukan penelitian minggu lalu. ?. 'pakah perusahaan anda men!ual kursi tahun lalu A Ya. @. Eapan anda men!alankan usaha anda di :akarta A tahun lalu F. Siapa yang mem"uat kue itu kemarin A i"u saya. $G. 'pa yang !atuh di !alan kemarin A as saya. EDE*1ISE II. 1hange the following senten#es into ;6<, ;C<, ; A<, 0resent 1ontinous ense. $.

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16 Tenses In English

*. PRESENT FUTURE TENSE

We often use will in this situation: Offering to do something: e.g. hat "ag looks heavy. Ill help with it. Agreeing and refusing to do something+ e.g. Ive asked !ohn to help me "ut he wont Promising to do something. e.g. I will #ome to your house tonight. I promise. Asking someone to do something. Will you #lose the window, pleaseJ he pattern : S 6 will7shall 6 )er" $99999999999999 omorrow S 6 wont7shant 6 )er" $99999999 9999 omorrow

Will7Shall 6 S 6 )er" $9999999999999.. omorrowA BW 6 will7shall 6 S 6 )er" $99999999.999 omorrowA We often use will to be going to when we say what we have already de#ided to do, what we intend to do in the future. e.g. ': heres a film on television tonight. A&e you going to wat#h itA +: 3o, I am too tired. I am going to have an early night. he pattern : S 6 am7is7are 6 going to 6 )er" $99999999999999 S 6am7is7are 6 not 6 going to 6 )er" $99999999 9999 'm7is7are 6 S 6 going to 6 )er" $9999999999999.. .A BW 6 am7is7are 6 S 6 going to 6 ver" $99999999999 ..A

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16 Tenses In English

,. PRESENT TENSE
0resent ense is used to talk a"out something in general. 'nd it is also used to talk about something whi h is ha!!ene# &e!eate#l% o& habitually activities. e.g. 6 C he earth goes round the sun he earth doesnt go round the sun

A (oes the earth go round the sun A

6 I get up at @ o#lo#k every morning C I dont get up at @ o#lo#k every morning A (o you get up at @ o#lo#k very morningA he pattern : S 6 )er" $ ;s7es<99999999999999 Everyday7today S 6 dont7doesnt 6 )er" $99999999 99Everyday7today (o7(oes 6 S 6 )er" $999999999999Everyday7todayA BW 6 (o7does 6 S 6 )er" $99999999.9Everyday7todayA We use the present simple when we say how often we do things: e.g. &ow often do you go to the dentist A .ary doesnt often drink tea.

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16 Tenses In English

-. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

We use past continuous Tense to say that someone was in the middle of doing something at a certain time. The action or situation had already started before this time but hadnt finished: his time last year I was living in +raKil We often use the past continuous Tense and the past simple together to say that something happened in the middle of something else: When I was working in the garden, I hurt my "a#k. he pattern : S 6 was7were 6 ver" 89999999.When 6 s 6 )er" %99.99 S 6 was7were 6 not 6 )er" 899999.When 6 s 6 )er" %9999 Was7were 6 S 6 ver" 89999999. When 6 s 6 )er" % 99. 9.A BW 6 was7were 6 S 6 ver" 899999When 6 s 6 )er" % 9999A

e.g. 6 She was #ooking ri#e when om #ame yesterday C She wasnt #ooking ri#e when om #ame yesterday

A Was she #ooking ri#e when om #ame yesterday A

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16 Tenses In English

.. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

We often use the present perfe#t ense to gi/e new in"o&mation o& to announ e &e ent ha!!ening+ e.g. (o you know a"out .ary A Shes gone to :akarta. We #an use the 0resent 0erfe#t ense with al&ea#% to say that something has ha!!ene# soone& than e(!e te# + e.g. (ont forget to post this letter, will youA Ive al&ea#% posted it. We #an use the 0resent 0erfe#t ense with 0ust ;L a short time ago< e.g. Would you like something to eatA M3o, thanks. Ive 0ust had lun#h. We talk a"out a !e&io# o" time that ontinuous u! to the !&esent , we use the present perfe#t. e.g. (ave: &ave you travelled a lot, 3oraA 3ora: Yes, I have "een to 8? different #ountries. We often use e/e& and ne/e& with the present perfe#t: e.g. have you e/e& eaten #aviarA We have ne/e& had a #ar. We have to use present perfe#t ense with This is the "i&st time1' It the "i&st time1 e.g. This is the "i&st time he has driven a #ar. ;not drives< We often use the present perfe#t with %et. 2et shows that the s!eake& is e(!e ting something to ha!!en. /se %et only in Iuestions and negative senten#es: e.g. &as it stopped raining yet A ;not Mdid it stop<. he pattern: S 6 have7has 6 ver" 5999999999.et# S 6 havent7hasnt 6 )er" 599999.9.et# &ave7has 6 S 6 ver" 59999999.. 9.et#A BW 6 have7has 6 S 6 ver" 5999999..et#A

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16 Tenses In English

3. PAST PERFECT TENSE

We use the 0ast perfe#t to say that something ha# al&ea#% ha!!ene# be"o&e this time + Example : C C C C When I arrived at the party, om had already gone home When I got home, I found that someone had "roken into my flat and had stolen my fur #oat. 4eorge didnt want to #ome to the #inema with us "e#ause he had already seen the film twi#e. It was my first time in an airplane. I was very nervous "e#ause I hadnt flown "efore.

he pattern: S 6 had 6 ver" 59999when7"efore S 6 )% S 6 hadnt 6 )er" 5999 when7"efore S 6 )% &ad 6 S 6 ver" 59999 when7"efore S 6 )% A BW 6 had 6 S 6 ver" 5999 when7"efore S 6 )% A T&anslate these senten es into English 4 $. *umah itu sangat sunyi ketika saya ti"a. Semua orang sudah pergi tidur. %. Saya merasa sangat lelah ketika saya pulang, !adi saya langsung pergi tidur 5. Saya tidak lapar, saya "aru sa!a makan siang. 8. o tidak "earada di rumah ketika saya ti"a. (ia "aru sa!a keluar.

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16 Tenses In English

5. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

S 6 have7has 6 "een 6 ver" 89999et# S 6 havent7hasnt 6 "een 6 ver" 899et# &ave7has 6 S 6 "een 6 ver" 8999.et# A BW 6 have7has 6 S 6 "een 6 ver" 89et# A Example : C 0ela!ar pela!ar tengah menyanyi se!ak pagi ini

6 he students have "een singing sin#e this morning C he students havent "een singing sin#e this morning A &ave the students "een singing sin#e this morning A T&anslate these senten es into English 4 $. &ari sudah hu!an selama dua !am %. +erapa lama kamu sudah "ela!ar "ahasa inggris A 5. Saya sudah menonton a#ara ) terse"ut se!ak dua !am 8. (ia ;pr< sudah "ermain tenis se!ak dia "erumur @ tahun =. +erapa lama kamu suah merokok A >. .ereka sudah "ermain 0S selama tiga !am

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16 Tenses In English

6. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

S 6 had "een 6 ver" 89999when S 6 )% S 6 hadnt "een 6 )er" 8999 when S 6 )% &ad 6 S 6 "een 6 ver" 89999 when S 6 )% A BW 6 had 6 S 6 "een 6 ver" 8999 when S 6 )% A Example : C .ereka tengah menger!akan 0* ketika saya datang kemarin 6 hey had "een doing the homework when I #ame yesterday C hey hadnt "een doing the homework when I #ame yesterday A &ad they "een doing the homework when I #ame yesterday A T&anslate these senten es into English 4 $. .ereka sudah "ermain "ola selama satu !am ketika ada petir yang menakutkan %. Een sudah merokok selama 5G tahun ketika akhirnya dia "erhenti 5. ,rkestra itu sudah "ermain selama sepuluh menit ketika seorang laki laki "erteriak 8. Saya sudah mengetik selama tiga puluh menit ketika listrik itu padam

=. .ereka sudah tidur selama > !am ketika ke"akaran itu ter!adi

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16 Tenses In English

17. PRESENT FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

S 6 will "e 6 )er" 8 6 , 6 at9999..o#lo#k S 6 wont "e 6 )er" 8 6 , 6 at999..o#lo#k Will 6 S 6 "e 6 )er" 8 6 , 6 at999.o#lo#k A BW 6 will 6 S 6 "e 6)er" 89999o#lo#k A Example : C Eamu se#ang akan pergi ke sekolah pukul ? "esok pagi

6 You will "e going to s#hool at seven o#lo#k tomorrow morning C You wont "e going to s#hool at seven o#lo#k tomorrow morning A Will you "e going to s#hool at seven o#lo#k tomorrow morning A T&anslate these senten es into English 4 $. 4eorge sedang akan meninggalkan Indonesia pada pukul F "esok pagi %. Saya sedang akan menyelesaikan 0* itu sore nanti 5. (ia ;pr< sedang akan menonton a#ara di stadion terse"ut nanti malam 8. .ereka sedang akan makan malam di restauran itu nanti malam =. 0ara karyawan sedang akan menyelesaikan peker!aan itu pukul F nanti malam

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16 Tenses In English

11. PRESENT FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

S 6 will have 6 ver" 5 6 999."y the end99 S 6 wont have 6 )er" 5 6 999.."y the end9. Will 6 S 6 have 6 )er" 5 6 999"y the end9. A BW 6 will 6 S 6 have 6)er" 5 69999"y the end9 A Example : C Eita su#ah akan ti"a di :akarta "esok sore. 6 We will have arrived in :akarta tomorrow afternoon C We wont have arrived in :akarta tomorrow afternoon A Will we have arrived in :akarta tomorrow afternoon A T&anslate these senten es into English 4 $. :ohn sudah akan selesai menger!akan peker!aanya men!elang akhir minggu ini %. .en!elang minggu depan saya akan selesai mem"a#a "uku ini 5. .en!elang "ulan depan dia akan mem"ayar hutangnya 8. Eami sudah akan mendapat rumah "aru men!elang akhir tahun ini

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16 Tenses In English

1). PRESENT FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

S 6 will have "een 6 ver" 8999sin#e999. S 6 wont have "een 6 ver" 899.sin#e999. Will 6 S 6 have "een 6 ver" 899sin#e999.A BW 6 will 6 S 6 have "een 6 ver" 89.sin#e9..A Example : C .ereka tengah akan "ela!ar se0ak pagi "esok

6 hey will have "een studying sin#e this morning C hey wont have "een studying sin#e this morning A Will they have "een studying sin#e this morning A T&anslate these senten es into English 4 $. .en!elang akhir tahun ini kami akan sudah mempela!ari "ahasa inggris selama tiga tahun %. .en!elang hari natal saya akan sudah "eker!a di kantor ini selama lima tahun 5. .en!elang li"uran sekolah ini saya sudah mengikuti tes selama = kali 8. .en!elang hari raya idul fitri saya sudah akan dua kali pulang ke desa

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16 Tenses In English

1*. PAST FUTURE TENSE

S 6 would 6 )$9I- 6 S 6 ver" %9999.et# S 6 wouldnt 6 ver" $9.6 o"!e#t9999..et# Would 6 S 6 ver" $ 9.6 o"!e#t 999.9..et# A Example : $. Saya akan datang '3('IE' ' kamu mengundang saya I would #ome if you invited me %. om akan melakukan per!alanan :IE'dia punya uang om would travel if he had more money

E(e& ise + T&anslate these senten es into English4 $. :ika saya !adi kamu, saya tidak akan mem"eli rumah itu %. Saya akan keluar !ika hari tidak hu!an 5. :ika saya kaya, saya akan mem"eli se"uah villa 8. :ika saya dapat "er"i#ara "ahasa inggris, saya akan pergi keluar negeri =. Saya tidak akan ke"eratan tinggal di 'merika !ika #ua#anya "agus

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16 Tenses In English

1,. PAST FUTURE CINTINUOUS TENSE

S 6 would "e 6 )er" 899when S 6 ver" %999.et# S 6 wouldnt 6 "e 6 ver" 89.when S 6 ver" %999et# Would 6 S 6 "e 6 ver" 8 9.. when S 6 ver" %99et# A Example : C Se#ian%a mereka se#ang akan pulang EE IE' kami datang

6 hey would "e going home when we #ame C hey wouldnt "e going home when we #ame A Would they "e going home when we #ame A T&anslate these senten es into English 4 $. Saya akan sedang menempuh u!ian hari "erikutnya pada waktu itu %. Eami akan sedang mem"angun rumah itu pada waktu itu 5. .ereka sedang akan "ermain "a"ak kedua pada pertandingan sepak"ola waktu itu.

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16 Tenses In English

1-. PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

S 6 would have 6 ver" 59..I- 6 S 6 had 6 ver" 599. S 6 wouldnt have 6 ver" 5 99o"!e#t999..et# Would 6 S 6 have 6 ver" 5 99.o"!e#t999..et# A Example : C Ia su#ah akan men!adi presiden '3('IE' ' partainya menang dalam pemilihan umum. C &e would have "e#ome a presiden if his party had won in general ele#tion

E(e& ise + T&anslate these senten es into English4 $. :ika saya telah mengetahui "ahwa kamu sakit, saya akan menemuimu %. om tidak akan mengikuti u!ian itu !ika dia mengetahui "ahwa soalnya akan "egitu sulit. 5. :ika saya "er!umpa dengan mu, saya akan mengatakan hello 8. :ika saya telah mengumpulakan uang, saya akan menikahi mu =. Saya akan mengirim surat ini !ika kamu telah selesai mem"uatmya

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16 Tenses In English

1.. PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

S 6 would have 6 "een 6 ver" 89..I- 6 S 6 had 6 ver" 599. S 6 wouldnt have "een 6 ver" 899.o"!e#t9999et# Would 6 S 6 have "een 6 ver" 8.. 99.o"!e#t999..et# A Example : C Se#ian%a rapat tengah akan dimulai se!ak pagi '3('IE' ' walikota su#ah datang tepat pada waktunya C he meeting would have "een starting sin#e this morning if .ayor had #ome on time.

E(e& ise + T&anslate these senten es into English4 $. Sedianya #on#ert itu tengah akan dimulai andaikata artis artis itu datang pada waktunya. %. Sedianya saya tengah akan tidur andaikata mereka "elum datang 5. 'ndaikata ayah saya telah selesai "er"elan!a, i"u saya akan memasak makanan itu

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16 Tenses In English

13. Abb&e/iation 8singkatan9

$. I am %. You are 5. We are 8. hey are =. &e is >. She is ?. It is @. Will not F. Would not $G. (o not $$. (oes not $%. (id not $5. Is not $8. 're not $=. Was not $>. Were not $?. &ave not $@. &as not $F. &ad not %G. 1an not %$. 1ould not %%. .ust not %5. Should not %8. .ight not %=. .ay not L Im L Youre L Were L heyre L &es L Shes L Its L wont L Wouldnt L (ont L (oesnt L (idnt L Isnt L 'rent L Wasnt L Werent L &avent L &asnt L &adnt L 1ant L 1ouldnt L .ustnt L Shouldnt L .ightnt L .aynt

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16 Tenses In English

15. PASSI:E :OICE 8IN POSITI:E FOR;9

0en!elasan: $. Ealimat pasif ialah suatu kalimat yang su"!eknya dikenai oleh suatu per"uatan atau yang predikatnya "erawalan di97 ter9 %. Eata ker!a yang digunakan harus kata ker!a transitive, yaitu kata ker!a yang "isa diikuti oleh suatu o"!ek atau "enda. 5. *umus kalimat pasif dalam "ahasa inggris adalah se"agai "erikut: S 6 o "e 6 )59999999999999"y9 8. =. o "e "erfungsi untuk menentukan mem"entuk awalan : di9.atau: ter9 o "e dapat di!a"arkan dalam $> kalimat aktif< enses dari suatu kalimat dan untuk enses ;lihatlah $> enses pada rumus

0ela!arilah *umus di"awah ini : $. 0resent -uture ense: S 6 will "e 6 )59"y9 %. 0resent -uture 1ontinuous ense: S 6 will "e 6 "eing 6 )59"y9 5. 0resent -uture 0erfe#t ense: S 6 will have "een 6 )5 8. 0resent -uture 0erfe#t 1ontinuous ense: S 6 will have "een 6 "eing 6 )59. =. Simple 0resent ense: S 6 am7is7are 6 )59 >. 0resent 1ontinuous ense: S 6 am7is7are 6 "eing 6)59 ?. 0resent 0erfe#t ense: S 6 have7has 6 "een 6 )5 @. 0resent 0erfe#t 1ontinuous ense: S 6 have "een7has "een 6"eing 6)59 F. 0ast 0erfe#t ense: S 6 had "een 6)59 $G. 0ast 0erfe#t 1ontinuous ense: S 6 had "een 6 "eing 6 )59 $$. Simple 0ast ense: S 6 Was7were 6 )59 $%. 0ast 1ontinuous ense: S 6 was7were 6 "eing 6 )59 $5. 0ast -uture ense: S 6 would "e 6 )59 ANDI ASRIFAN
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16 Tenses In English $8. 0ast -uture 1ontinuous ense: S 6 would "e "eing 6)59 $=. 0ast -uture 0erfe#t ense: S 6 would have "een 6 )59 $>. 0ast -uture 0erfe#t 1ontinuous ense: S 6 would have "een 6 "eing 6 )59 0en!elasan : $. Eata ker!a yang dipakai dalam kalimat pasif ialah )5 ;"ukan )$, )%, )8< %. 5. enses dalam kalimat pasifditentukan aleh "entuk o "e nya , +E "isa terdiri dari: a. Satu kata sa!a ;am7is7are7was7were< lihat nomor = dan $$. ". (ua kata;will "e,have "een, has "een, had "een, would "e< lihat nomor$, ?, F, $5. ;am "eingCis "eingCare "eingCwas "eingCwere "eing< no. > dan no. $%. #. iga kata ;will "e "eing, will have "een, have "een "eing, has "een "eing, had "een "eing, would "e "eing and would have "een< lihat nomor %, 5, @, $G, $8 dan $=.

d. Empat kata ;will have "een "eing dan would have "een "eing < no. 8 dan $>. 8. +eing dalam kalimat pasif menun!ukan: 1ontinuous.

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16 Tenses In English

16. PASSI:E < :OICE IN NE=ATI:E FOR;

$. 0resent -uture ense S 6 Wont "e 6 )5999.;"y him<999 Example : Engkau tak akan dimarahi olehnya. %. 0resent -uture 1ontinuous ense S 6 Wont "e 6 "eing 6 )59;"y them<9.

L S tak akan di9999999

L S tidak sedang akan di999.

Example : *apat tidak sedang akan dimulai oleh mereka pukul F "esok pagi. 5. 0resent -uture 0erfe#t ense S 6 Wont have "een 6 )59.;"y her<

L S "elum akan di9999

Example : 3asi "elum akan dimasak olehnya sore ini 8. 0resent -uture 0erfe#t 1ontinuous ense S 6 Wont have "een 6 )59.;"y the +ank<999 Example : *umah itu "elum lagi akan disita oleh +ank pada akhir tahun ini. =. Simple 0resent ense S 6 ;am not7isnt7arent< 6 )59.;"y the :udge< Example : 0enga#auCpenga#au itu tidak dikenakan hukuman oleh &akim. >. 0resent 1ontinuous ense S 6 ;am not7isnt7arent< 6 "eing 6 )59 ;"y99< Example : .o"il saya tidak sedang direparasi sekarang ?. 0resent 0erfe#t ense S 6 ;hasnt7havent< 6 "een 6 )59.;"y 99..< Example : Saya "elum dia!ak dalam per#akapan "ahasa Inggris oleh kawanC kawan saya.

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16 Tenses In English @. 0resent 0erfe#t 1ontinuous ense S 6 ;hasnt7havent< 6 "een 6 "eing 6 )59"y9.. Example : Eorupsi masih "elum di"erantas oleh pemerintah se!ak "ertahunCtahun yang lalu. F. 0ast 0erfe#t ense S 6 hadnt "een 6 )59"y9.. Example : omy "elum dituduh se"agai penghianat, se"elum :aksa 'gung ter"unuh.

$G. 0ast 0erfe#t 1ontinuous ense S 6 hadnt "een 6 "eing 6 )59;"y999.< Example : +u#hary masih "elum di#alonkan Walikota, ketika otonomi dilimpahkan keCpropinsi. $$. Simple 0ast ense S 6 ;wasnt7werent< 6 )59;"y999.< Example : indakan keras tidak dilakukan oleh pemerintah terhadap para koruptor.

$%. 0ast 1ontinuous ense S 6 ;wasnt7werent< 6 )59;"y999.< Example : 0asien tidak sedang dioperasi ketika ia meninggal kemarin. 3o. $5 s7d 3o. $>, hanya menam"ahkan kata Not, pada kata "antu yang pertama. Nihat pada $> enses kalimat pasip "entuk "erita.

Note : Eeterangan pelaku ;"y me, "y us, "y him, dst< dan keterangan waktu, "isa dipakai "ila diperlukan. ergantung kepada : kondisi dan situasi dari tiap kalimat yang diu#apkan.

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16 Tenses In English

)7. PASSI:E :OICE IN INTERRO=ATI:E

$. 0resent -uture ense Will 6 S 6 "e 6 )59;"y..< few years from now A

L Yes73o,999

Example : 'pakah +ahasa Inggris akan dipakai di 0ontianak A When 6 999999999999 A L -ew years from now. %. 0resent -uture 1ontinuous ense Will 6 S 6 have "een 6 )599999 A

L Yes73o,999999...

Example : 'pakah rapat sedang akan diadakan pukul F "esok A What time 6 999999... A L 't F o#lo#k. 5. 0resent -uture 0erfe#t ense Will 6 S 6 have "een 6 )599999A

L Yes73o,999999...

Example : 'pakah peker!aanmu sudah akan diselesaikan sore ini A What 6 99999999.. A L Your !o". 8. 0resent -uture 0erfe#t 1ontinuous ense Will 6 S 6 have "een 6 "eing 6 )59999 A

L Yes73o,999999.

Example : 'pakah normaCnorma hukum tengah akan di"erlakukan sesudah negara "angkrut A Why 6 9999999999... A L +e#ause none is hones in government. =. Simple 0resent ense ;'m 7Is7're< 6 S 6 )599999. A

L Yes73o,999999

Example : 'pakah saya diminta untuk menemani kamu A +y whom 6 9999999999. A L +y our dire#tor.

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16 Tenses In English >. 0resent 1ontinuous ense ;'m7Is7're < 6 S 6 "eing 6 )5999. A

L Yes73o,999999...

Example : 'pakah penariCpenari itu sedang di!emput sekarang A Where 6 99999999. A L 't the airport. ?. 0resent 0erfe#t ense ;&as7&ave< 6 S 6 "een 6 )5 9999 A L Yes73o,999999... Example : Sudahkah tiketCtiket itu di"eli olehmu A &ow many ti#kets 6 999.. A L = ti#kets @. 0resent 0erfe#t 1ontinuous ense ;&as7&ave< 6 S 6 "een 6 "eing 6 )5999. A

L Yes73o,999999

Example : 'pakah +udi tengah diopname di rumah sakit A &ow long 6 9999999. A L -or 5 days. F. 0ast 0erfe#t ense &ad 6 S 6 "een 6 )5999. A L Yes73o,999999 Example : 'pakah perampokCperampok itu sudah tertem"ak dikakinya se"elum mereka menyerahkan diri A Who 6 9999999 A L he ro""ers. $G. 0ast 0erfe#t 1ontinuous ense &ad 6 S 6 "een 6 "eing 6 )599999. A

L Yes73o,999999

Example : 'pakah ia tengah diper"antukan se"elum kepada (epartemen 0endidikan se"elum ia men!adi .enteri A &ow long 6 9999999. A L .ore than 5 year. $$. Simple 0ast ense ;Were7Was< 6 S 6 )5 9999. A

L Yes73o,999999

Example : 'pakah masalah omy di"i#arakan di (0* A What 6 999999999. A L omys pro"lem. ANDI ASRIFAN
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16 Tenses In English $%. 0ast 1ontinuous ense ;Were7Was< 6 S 6 "eing 6 )59999 A

L Yes73o,999999

Example : 'pakah proyek perumahan sedang diren#anakan di kota ini ketika saya ada di luar negeri tahun lalu A +y whom 6 9999999 A L +y the mayor. $5. 0ast -uture ense : &anya mengu"ah : Will dengan Would dan keterangan waktu : sama di atas ;kalimat dikarang sendiri< : sama di atas ;kalimat dikarang sendri<

$8. 0ast -uture 1ontinuous ense $=. 0ast -uture 0erfe#t ense

$>. 0ast -uture 0erfe#t 1ontinuous ense : sama di atas ;kalimat dikarang sendiri<

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16 Tenses In English

)1. CAUSATI:E >engan HA:E >an =ET

-ungsi : I. .enyuruh sesorang untuk menger!akan sesuatu. II. .enyuruh agar sesuatu diker!akan oleh orang lain. +andingkanlah kalimatCkalimat "erikut: $. ono menge#at rumahnya hari ini. %. *umah ono di#at sendiri olehnya. 5. ono menyuruh tukang #at menge#atkan rumahnya. 8. ono menge#atkan rumahnya.

Rumus?Rumus Causati/e+
'. S 6 to have 6 someone 6 )$ 6 9 et# Eg: $. &e has a me#hani# repair his #ar today %. &e will have a me#hani# repair his #ar tomorrow 5. &e is having a me#hani# 999et# now +. S 6 to have 6 something 6 Eg: $. I had my tooth pulled out yesterday %. 'li has had his hair #ut sin#e yesterday 3ote : 0eru"ahan enses hanya ter!adi pada kata ker!a to have. ;have ;has< O had O had O having<

1.

S 6 to get 6 someone 6 to 6 )$ 6 9 et#

Eg : $. &e will get me to help him tomorrow %. &e doesnt get me to #ome to his house today 5. &e has get me to "ring a di#tionary (. S 6 to get 6 somthing 6 to 6 )5 6 9 et# Eg : $. he girl gets her fa#e made up ;dihias< %. I wont get my hair #ut short. ANDI ASRIFAN
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16 Tenses In English 5. +udi is getting his tooth pulled out now 1atatan penting : Something L ;sth< L sesuatu "enda Someone L ;so< L seseorang ;o"!e#t<: me, him, 9 ,nes ;kepunyaan< L my9, your9, her9, our9, their9 Eg L example L #ontoh. ;Eg L example gratia<

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16 Tenses In English

THE 1. TENSES
0erhatikan peru"ahan yang ter!adi dari *umus umum ke O E3SES E* E3 /: S 6 , &')E 6 S,.E ,3E 6 )$ 6 9(S $. %. 5. 8. =. S 6 will 6 have 6 S., 6 )$ 6 9 S 6 will 6 have had 6 S., 6 )$ 6 9 S 6 have ;has< 6 S., 6 )$ 6 9 S 6 had 6 S., 6 )$ 6 9 S 6 have 6 had 6 S., 6 )$ 6 9 has >. S 6 had 6 had 6 S., 6 )$ 6 9 ?. S 6 will "e 6 having 6 S., 6 )$ 6 9 @. S 6 will 6 have "een 6 having 6 S., 6 )$ 6 9 F. S 6 ;am, is, are< 6 )8 6 S., 6 )$ 6 9 $G. S 6 ;was, were< 6 )8 6 S., 6 )$ 6 9 $$. S 6 ;have "een7has "een< 6 having 6 S., 6 )$ 6 9 $%. S 6 had "een 6 having 6 S., 6 )$ 6 9 $5. S 6 would 6 have 6 S., 6 )$ 6 9 $8. S 6 would "e 6 having 6 S., 6 )$ 6 9 $=. S 6 would 6 have had 6 S., 6 )$ 6 9 $>. S 6 would 6 have "een 6 having 6 S., 6 9 RENUN=@AN+

$. to have, adalah "entuk : Infinitive ;Lkata ker!a pokok< yang "eru"ah menurut enses tertentu. ;dilahat $> enses diatas<.
%. S., L Some ,ne L adalah ,"!e#t, dan "ukan Su"!ek. :adi: S.,, "isa men!adi L me, you, him, her, us, them. ,nes L "isa men!adi : my, your, his, her, our, ds" S L ;Su"!ek<, seperti: I, You, &e, She, We hey, It, dan "endaC"enda lainnya. ; .), *adio, Weather, the wind<. 5. )$, dalam rumus diatas tidak "eru"ah dalam segala "entuk kalimat dan "entuk enses apapun. )$, tetap )$, tidak ada peru"ahan. 8. )$ have )% had )5 had )8 having
30

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16 Tenses In English

PATTERN EAERCISE+
TAS@ + ;ake "&ee statements a o&#ing to the PATTERNS 8&umus9 below+

'.

S6 $.didint have 6 me 6 )$ 6 9 et#

Eg : 9999999999999999 %.
(o 6S 6 have 6 /s 6 )$ 9999.A (oes

Eg : 9999999999999999 5.
BW 6 will 6 S 6 have 6 someone 6 )$ 6 9 A

Eg : When 9999999999999999.. 8.
Who 6 has 6 someone 6)$ 6 99 A

Eg : Who has 999999999999 =.

&ave 6 someone 6 )$ 6 99 J

L suruhlah 99J

Eg : 99999999999999 +.
S 6$. wont have 6 ones house 6 )5 6 9 et#

Saya tidak akan menge#atkan rumahku. L 9999999999999999 %.

(o 6S 6 have 6 something 6 )5 99 today A (oes

'pakah +udi mereparasikan mo"ilnya hari ini A L 999999999999999999... A 5.

BW 6 did 6 S 6 have 6 something 6 )5 6 9 yesterday

(imana Evi men#a"utkan giginya kemarin L 99999999999999999.

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16 Tenses In English

8.

Who 6 will have 6 ,nes 6 sth 6 )5 6 99 A

Siapa yang akan "erpoto A L Who will have ones pi#ture taken A ,nes pi#ture L seseorang yang "elum diketahui.

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16 Tenses In English

BIST OF TRANSITI:E < :ERC

In"initi/e No $ % 5 8 = > ? @ F $G $$ $% $5 $8 $= $> $? $@ $F %G %$ %% %5 %8 %= %> %? %@ 8@ata >asa&9 :1 to do to have to tell to own to read to write to listen to speak to say to ask to answer to "orrow to lend to give to send to repeat to "uy to sell to present to wait ;for< to see to visit to invite to re!e#t to refuse to inprove to avoid to deny did had told owned read wrote listened spoke said asked answered "orrowed lent gave sent repeated "ought sold presented waited saw visited invited re!e#ted refused improved avoided denied Past Tense :) done had told owned read written Ped spoken said Ped Ped Ped lent given sent Ped "ought sold Ped Ped seen Ped Ped Ped Ped Ped Ped denied Past Pa&ti i!le :* Ping having Ping Ping Ping writing Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping giving Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping inviting Ping refusing improving Ping Ping P&esent Pa&ti i!le :, menger!kan, melakukan. mempunyai mengatakan, men#eritakan, menyuruh. memiliki mem"a#a menulis mendengarkan "er"i#ara, pandai "er"ahasa "erkata, mengatakan "ertanya, meminta, menyuruh men!awa" memin!am ;dari< memin!amkan ;kepada< mem"eri ;kan< mengirim, menyuruh mengulang mem"eli men!ual menya!ikan ;#erita, materi< menunggu melihat, "ertemu, "erkenalan mengun!ungi mengundang, menga!ak menolak menolak ;tawaran, a!akan< memper"aiki, meningkatkan menghindari ;kan< menyangkal, mam"antah

The ;eaning in In#onesian+

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16 Tenses In English
%F 5G 5$ 5% 55 58 5= 5> 5? 5@ 5F 8G 8$ 8% 85 88 8= 8> 8? 8@ 8F =G =$ =% =5 =8 == => =? =@ =F >G >$ to arrange to plan to make to "uild to "urry to s#old to re"uke to "ri"e to atta#k to defend to enfor#e to learn to study to #opy to #ompose to review to interview to repair to know to understand to take to eat to drink to su"stitute to su##eed to devide to nominate to #ook to re#eive to "elieve to agree to disagree to propose arranged planned made "uit "urried s#olded re"uked "ri"ed atta#ked defended enfor#ed learnt studied #opied #omposed reviewed intervived repaired knew understood took ate drank Pd Ped Pd Pd Ped Pd Pd Pd Pd Pd Ped Pned made "uilt "urried Ped Pd Pd Ped Ped Pd learnt studied #opied Pd Ped Ped Ped known understood taken eaten drunk Pd Pd Pd Pd Ped Pd Pd Pd Pd Pd arranging Ping making Ping Ping Ping re"uking "ri"ing Ping Ping enfor#ing Ping Ping Ping #omposing Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping taking Ping Ping su"tituting Ping dividing nominating Ping re#eiving "elieving Ping Ping proposing menyusun, mengatur, meren#anakan meren#anakan mem"uat, menye"a"kan mem"angun, mendirikan mengu"urkan memarahi memarahi menyuap, menyogok menyerang mempertahankan memaksa, mem"erlakukan "ela!ar mempela!ari menyalin menyusun, mengarang mengulang kem"ali mewawan#arai mereparasi mengetahui, tahu, kenal mengerti mengam"il, mengantarkan makan minum mengganti "erhasil, menggantikan mem"agi men#alonkan memasak menerima per#aya setu!u tidak setu!u mengusulkan

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16 Tenses In English
>% >5 >8 >= >> >? >@ >F ?G ?$ ?% ?5 ?8 ?= ?> ?? ?@ ?F @G @$ @% @5 @8 @= @> @? @@ @F FG F$ F% F5 F8 to oppose to predi#t to let to put to #ut to #ontinue to draw to think to express to prove to remem"er to remind to warn to memoriKe to forget to admire to praise to insult to su"mit to report to open to shut to #lose to mark to weigh to measure to evaluate to taste to hold to tou#h to tea#h to return to reply Pd Ped Ped Ped Ped Pd drew thought Ped Pd Ped Ped Ped Pd forgot Pd Pd Ped Pted Ped Ped Ped Pd Ped Ped Pd Pd Pd held Ped taught Ped replied Pd Ped Ped Ped Ped Pd drawn thought Ped Pd Ped Ped Ped Pd forgotten Pd Pd Ped Pted Ped Ped Ped Pd Ped Ped Pd Pd Pd held Ped taught Ped replied opposing Ping Pting Pting Pting Ping Ping Ping Ping proving Ping Ping Ping memoriKing Pting admiring praising Ping Pting Ping Ping Pting #losing Ping Ping measuring evaluating tasting Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping menentang, melawan meramalkan mem"iarkan, mengi!inkan meletakkan memotong meneruskan, melan!utkan menggam"ar, menarik "erpikir, "erpendapat menyatakan, mengutarakan mem"uktikan ingat mengingatkan memperingatkan mengingatCingat, menghafal melupakan mengagumi, memu!i memu!i menghina menyerahkan melaporkan mem"uka menutup menutup manandai, mem"eri tanda menim"ang mengukur mengevaluasi men#i#ipi, merasa ;dengan lidah< memegang, mengadakan menyentuh, mera"a menga!ar mengem"alikan men!awa"

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16 Tenses In English
F= F> F? F@ FF $GG $G$ $G% $G5 $G8 $G= $G> $G? to pay to #al#ulate to throw to hit to "eat to "ite to hide to serve to explain to interpret to predi#t to a#tivate to motivate Ped Pd threw Ped Ped "it hid Pd Ped Ped Ped Pd Pd Ped Pd thrown Ped Ped "eaten hid Pd Ped Ped Ped Pd Pd Ping #al#ulating Ping Pting Ping Ping hiding serving Ping Ping Ping a#tivating motivating mem"ayar menghitung melempar memukul memukul menggigit "ersem"unyi melayani, menghidangkan menerangkan menafsirkan meramalkan mengaktifkan, menggiatkan memotivasi, menggerakan

3ote : tanda P ;tilde<, ialah tanda yang "erarti Eata (asar ;Infinitive< 1ontoh : to work 99P ed L worked 77 P ing L working, dst. 2toH pada Infinitive, tidak dipakai se"agai predikat dalam suatu kalimat 8Bihat Rumus9

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16 Tenses In English REFERENCES _______________. 2008. Grammar in 15 Minutes a Da ! "uni#r S$i%% &ui%'ers. (earnin) *+,ress Ne- #r$. IS&N! 978.1.57685.662.8 /e%0e.Mur0ia1 Marianne 2 (arsen.Freeman1 Diane.1983. 34e Grammar &##$! An *S(5 *F( 3ea04er6s /#urse. 7ein%e 2 7ein%e 8u9%is4ers. /. Ri04ar's1 "a0$ an' S04mi't1 Ri04ar' -it4 7ei'i :en'ri0$s an' ;#un)$ u :im. 2002. (#n)man Di0ti#nar #< (an)ua)e 3ea04in) an' A,,%ie' (in)uisti0s! 34ir' *'iti#n. 8ears#n *'u0ati#n /%ar$e1 7eat4er. 1994. Gui'e t# *n)%is4 Grammar. =+<#r' >ni?ersit 8ress D $es1 &ar9ara. 2007. Grammar <#r *?er #ne! 8ra0ti0a% t##%s <#r %earnin) an' tea04in) )rammar. A0er 8ress. *4r%i041 *u)ene 2 Mur,4 1 Danie%. 1991. *n)%is4 Grammar! Se0#n' *'iti#n. 34e M0Gra- 7i%% /#m,an . ".;#un)1 Da?i'. 1984. Intr#'u0in) *n)%is4 Grammar. R#ut%e')e (#n'#n an' Ne- #r$. "a0$s#n1 7#-ar'. 2005. G##' Grammar <#r Stu'ents. Sa)e 8u9%i0ati#ns (ee041 Ge#<<re 2 S?art?i$1 "an. 2000. A /#mmuni0ati?e Grammar #< *n)%is4! 34ir' *'iti#n. (#n)man. (ee041 Ge#<<re . 2006. A G%#ssar #< *n)%is4 Grammar. *'in9ur)4 >ni?ersit 8ress (t'. 8enst#n1 3#n . 2005. A 0#n0ise Grammar <#r *n)%is4 (an)ua)e 3ea04ers. 38 8u9%i0ati#ns Ra'<#r'1 An're-. 2009. *n)%is4 Senten0e Stru0ture. /am9ri')e >ni?ersit 8ress R#%%as#n1 "ane. 2006. 3imeser?er! 50 Mi+e'.a9i%it Grammar (ess#ns <#r *%ementar @ Interme'iate (e?e%. S04#%asti0 8ress. S1 Ga9rie%e. 2008. Just Enough: English Grammar . 34e M0Gra- 7i%% /#m,an . ANDI ASRIFAN
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16 Tenses In English S04ram,<er AAar1 &ett . 2002. >n'erstan'in) an' >sin) *n)%is4 Grammar! 34ir' *'iti#n. (#n)man S-an1 Mi04ae% 2 Ba%ter1 /at4erine. 2000. 7#- *n)%is4 B#r$s! a )rammar ,ra0ti0e 9##$. =+<#r' >ni?ersit 8ress. S-i0$1 e'. 2009. *n)%is4 Senten0e &ui%'er. 34e M0Gra- 7i%% /#m,an . S-i0$1 *D. 2010. *n)%is4 Cer9s an' *ssentia%s #< Grammar! <#r *S( (earners. 34e M0Gra-.7i%% /#m,anies1 In0.

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