BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

INTERNATIONAL CON FERENCE ON FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS AND

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DEVTGES (TCFMD) Kuala Terenggaru, Terengganu, Malaysia

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[106] THE EFFECT OF TAPIOGA BINDER IN ZINC POROUS ANODE FOR ZINC-AIR BATTERY
M.N. Masri, M.F.M. Nazeri, C.Y. Ng, A.A. Mohamad* School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
*Corresponding author : azmin@eng.usm.my .

A NEW MULTILAYER COMPOSITE WITH FUNCTIONALLY GRADED DE. SIGN FOR ENDODONTIC APPLIGATION
A.A. Madfar*, N.H.A. Kasimr, M. Hamdi2, R.G.
Rahbari3, M. Bayata tDepartment of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur,

Malaysia

2Department

This work is to introduce the utilization of tapioca as binder in porous zinc (Zn) anode. Tapioca is a type of natural binder, which is biodegradable, non-hazardous, inexpensive and easily available. In order to find the

optimum composition, the porous Zn anode was fabricated from various concentration of tapioca binders mixed with Zn powder. The effect of binder to electrode performance was evaluated from the Zn-at battery discharge capability. The Zn-av battery
fabricated described elsewherer. The discharge profile

of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 3Departmenr of Physics, Facalty of Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 4Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of EngineeringUniversrty of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia * Correspon ding quthor : nhayaty@um. edu. my

Multilayer composite with FG structure were fabricated using zirconia (ZrO), alumina (AI2O3),
Hydroxyapatite (HA) and titanium (Ti) micropowders. Powder selection and their combination in each layer

(Fig. l), showed that the battery with 80 mg cm-3 of the tapioca binder has the best cell specific capacity of 500.5 mAh g-' and nominal voltage of 1.047 V. The specific capacrty demonstrates is comparable to those
found in others binderr-2.

were according to the results of finite element analysis2. The powders were compacted to prepare specimens with 12.7 mm in diameter and 8 mm in the

Kqtwords: Tapioca binder, porous zinc anode, zinc-air

battery
References:

height. The compacted specimens were then sintered at 1200 "C for t hour under flowing argon gas. SEM, EDX and XRD techniques and density, porosity and hardness measurements. were used to characterize the

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M. N. Masri, A. A. Mohamad, Conosion Science

51, (2009) 3025

R. Othman, A. H. Yahaya, A. K. Arof, J. Appl.

Electrochem. 32, (2002) 1347

composite. The SEM Micrographs (Fig. 1) showed graded phase distribution and defect free boundaries at the interface between the layers. Gradual change in the Ti concentration and excellent integration between phases in all layers were confirmed by XRD and EDX

as can be seen in the micrograph(s). The linear

shrinkage after sintering along the layers confirms the continuity of properties changes inside the FG design

70

of the composite material (Fig. 2). This proves

successful optimization of the mixtures content and process that resulted in excellent characteristics ofeach layer and entire specimen to perform as FG composite
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for endodontic application. Other physical properties such as density, porosity and hardness also demonstrated gradual variation. These characteristics confirmed strong integration of phases and smooth variations that may eliminate localized stress concentration and fracture of the material (Figs. 3 and 4). Theoretical and experimental results confirmed successful functionality of the FG design tbr
endodontic application.
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Biomechanics 40 (2007) 2386 A.A. Madfa. N. H. Abu Kasim, M. Hamdi and R. Rahbari. Abstract # 182, (2009) IADR, PAPF and

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tl081 POROSITY REDUCTION MODEL IN FUNCTIONALLY GRADED METAL. CERAMIC COMPOSITES USTNG SHRINKAGE MEASUREMENT
R.G. Rahbarit*, N.H. Abu Kasim2, A.A. Madfa2, M. Hamdi3, M. Bayata tDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, of Malaya, 50603 Kuola Lumpur, Molaysia !)niversity 'Deportment of Conservative Dentistry, Facalty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur,

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of Engineering Design and Mamtfacture, Faculty of Engineerin, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia g aDepartruent of Mechanical Engineering, Focutty of Engineering, University of Malrya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malrysia *Corresponding author: nhoyaty@um. edu.rcy

3Department

Porosity

of

metal-ceramic functionally graded

materials (FGMs) was investigated experimentally to veri$ its mathematical models. Varying concentrations
71