Industrial material i

Assignment

Submitted to: Dr. Ajmal

Submitted by: Haider Ali 2013-IM-34

Department of industrial &

Manufacturing engineering UET Lahore

Alloys of Copper

Copper:Alloys of copper which are commonly used in our daily life are brass and bronzes. They are explained below along their composition, types and properties.

Brass:Brass is an alloy of copper with zinc. It makes many other alloys but with zinc is called as brass. Brass is important alloy of copper and it has many uses our daily life. Important uses are: It is used in decorative articles. Low friction articles like gears, locks etc. It is used in musical instruments like strings of guitar, sitar, and violin.

Composition:Typical brass alloy constitutes 80% Cu and 20% Zn.

Types:Some types of Brasses are

Aluminum brass Arsenical brass Common brass Beta brass Cupronickel

Aluminium brass:It contains aluminium which prevents from corrosion and used in seawater services and in Euro coins (also Known as Nordic Gold).

Arsenical brass:-

It contains arsenic with sufficient amount of aluminium and used for boiler fireboxes.

Common brass:It is also known as Rivet brass. It is also called 37% zinc brass, cheap and standard for cold work.

Beta brass:It includes 45-50% zinc content, can only be worked hot and are harder, stronger and suitable for casting.

Cupronickel:Cupronickel is an alloy of copper and nickel. Its composition is 25% Nickel and 75% Copper. It is used in thermocouples and resistors.

Properties:Properties of brass are It is substitutional alloy. It is malleable and acoustic. Density of brass is 303 lb/cubic inch. Its colure is muted yellow

Bronze:Bronze is an alloy of Copper (Cu) and Tin (Sn). It is also important alloy and have some uses that are briefly explained below:It is used in Boat and ship fitting Propellers of boats Submerged bearings ( it is resistant to corrosion) Formation of springs

Composition:Typically it is consisted of 60% Copper and 40% Tin but bronze used at commercial level has composition 90% Copper and 10% Tin.

Types:Some it important types are Phosphor bronze Lead bronze Gun metal Silicon bronze Manganese bronze

Phosphor bronze:It allows molten bronze to flow better and it enhances quality. It is mostly used for fabrication and casting. It contains small amount of phosphorous.

Lead bronze:It is used in manufacture of cannons, and articles that face a lot of sliding friction such as gun metal. Before its use it is polished.

Gun metal:It is used generally casting. It polishes well to enhance rich gold colour.

Silicon bronze:it is important bronze. It is resistant to corrosion. It is used to make fastenings such as wood screws and grip fast nails.

Manganese bronze:It is used to make ship propellers, shekels as it is strong and resists sea waters corrosion effect.

Properties:It properties are mentioned below It is resistant to metal fatigue. Tin makes it resistant to wear than copper. It is good conductor to heat and electricity than iron alloys. It is long lasting and shines well after polishing.

Alloys of Nickel
Some types of Nickel alloys are

Types of Nickel alloys: Cupronickel Iron nickel alloy Nichrome

Cupronickel:Cupronickel is an alloy of copper and nickel. Its composition is 25% Nickel and 75% Copper. It is used in thermocouples and resistors.

Iron nickel alloy:Iron nickel alloys mostly used as catalysts. It is used to make stain less steel and other stain less products. They are used in high temperature petrochemical.

Nichrome:It consists of 70% Nickel, 25% Fe and 5% Cr. It is used to make filaments of electric heaters. They are also used in military and power purposes.

Uses:They are used in Aircraft gas turbines Steam and power plants Medical applications.

Alloys of Aluminium
Alloys of Aluminium are

Types of alloys of Aluminium: Aluminium brass Duralumin

Aluminium brass:It contains aluminium which prevents from corrosion and used in seawater services and in Euro coins (also Known as Nordic Gold).

Silicon and Magnesium alloys:-

Duralumin:It is alloys of Aluminum with 4% Copper. It is low gravity about 2.7 and is high strength 450MPa. They are limited by max. Service temperature about OC. It is used in aircraft.

Uses:Its important uses are They used to prepare beverages before 2000. It is used in space crafts, ship building and boat formation. It used to prepare space shuttle standard weight external tank and in experimental rockets.