Guideline for Noise Mapping on Road Traffic Noise in Izmir, Turkey

- Draft version -

December 2007

The following guideline deals with strategic noise mapping as it is defined by the Directive 2002/49/ ! of the uropean "arliament and of the !ouncil of 2# $une 2002% &'trategic noise map( means a map designed for the global assessment of noise e)posure in a greater urban area% 0. Purpose of this guideline

This guideline contains the e)perience on building up a digital calculation model for the agglomeration of *+mir, collecting the needed data and running the calculation on noise e)tension of road traffic as it is the main noise source for the *+mir metropolitan region% -oise mapping in *+mir has been carried out with the calculation software 'ound"./and done by colleagues of the environment department and the road authority of the *+mir metropolitan administration started in 0ebruary 2007% This has been supported by the author who1s got e)perience on this sub2ect at a 3erman agglomeration% 0or computation of road traffic noise in Tur4ey the 0rench calculation method -5"6 7outes-899, the : interim method for mapping of environmental noise, is used as re;uired by the 5inistry of nvironment and 0orestry% 'o the data have to be provided for this% The indices to be calculated are the LDEN and the LN. <f main interest is giving a structure to the different layers of the digital site model =topography, buildings, streets and noise barriers>, their combination with the noise mapping software and the characters used for calculation% This paper should be a help for everyone who wants to wor4 out noise maps on road traffic noise in urban regions of Tur4ey, especially *+mir%

!ata

0irst reflection must be@ for gaining information about noise e)posure at a great area li4e a town should generally be carried out by computation% Aowever, it is recognised that noise measurement has many supplementary roles to play in chec4ing the results% Therefore many e)ercises had been wor4ed out to ma4e the calculation methods accurate in the last centuries% -owadays the calculation methods are very e)act and trustful% 'o we have to discuss which information is necessary for noise mapping@ o emission data@ - Bhich roads =particularly depending on traffic volume> have main influence on noise pollutionC - Aow much cars and heavy vehicles use these roadsC The alternatives are manual counting or automatic counting systems by tubes, plates or video% - Aow much counting positions are neededC - Bhich characteristics =type of vehicles, speed, number of lanes, slope> have this roadsC - Bhich 4ind of surface has the streetC - *s there a digital side model =3*'> e)istingC - Aas anyone digiti+ed the e)isting buildings based on a 3*'C - *s information about the building heights availableC

o elevation data@ o building data@

o population data@ - <n which local level is the information about the inhabitants availableC - 0rom what source is this information providedC The main issue is &data collection(, including information necessary for calculation and criteria to be considered% *t is recommended to as4 for these data at the land register department of the city administration and the traffic companies who maintain public bus, tram or underground traffic% <ur e)perience is that there are more useful data available than first impression seems to be% The missing data must be collected manual by large-scale wor4D this should be avoided as much as possible% . Izmir GI" # the main data source

5ost of these data are available from the local geographical information system =3*', supported by 5icro'tation> in *+mir% This contains information on ground elevation, building outlines, floor numbers and their type of use =residential buildings, schools, hospitals, au)iliary buildings> as well as the situation of road edges% The data available from 3*' are of outstanding accuracy and up to date% The information is arranged on the basis of ?@?%000 scale maps which correspond to the area and the identification code of the ?@#%000 scale maps%

0or setting up data base on road noise mapping containing all necessary characteristics for calculation this information were obligatory@ data$ ground elevation land use buildings character$ elevation points %here to find$ 3*'-'ystem by *+mir administration based on 5icro'tationD scale@ ?@?%000 bloc4 structure layer # on 3*'-'ystem position 3*'-'ystem by *+mir administration based on 5icro'tationD scale@ ?@?%000 height number of floors =floor E 2,F m> utili+ation different building layers =?> on 3*'-'ystem dwellings not available in digital formD first approach@ G,2 inhabitants E ? dwelling per building at this time not available in digital formD first approach@ ? person E G# mH used residential area road position not available in digital formD manual digiti+ing based on street border layer =layer #> height position of this information has been generated by the road 'ound"./- from digital ground model =dgm>D bridges and underpass have been set on local information number of lanes not available in digital formD set local information road surface not available in digital formD set local information slope this information has been generated by 'ound"./- from dgm number of traffic census@ automatically counting or manual vehicles counting=2> share of heavy traffic census@ automatically counting or manual vehicles counting=2>

inhabitants emission data

> Defined layers on 3*' by 5icro'tation in *+mir@ 2G, 24, 29, G?, G2@ au)iliary buildings and hospitalsD 2F@ schoolsD GG@ roof buildingsD #F@ building floors% &' 0or manual traffic counting see chapter 2%?

#, ?9, G9@ 27@ G0@ #9, #7@

street bordersD residential buildingsD official buildingsD te)t informationD

0irst step should be to give a structure to the pro2ect@ it is necessary to organi+e data in tiles =sub ranges>% The advantage lies in a better spatial overview and not overstretching the calculation performance of the computers%

.ocal 3*' by 5icro'tation includes data of whole *+mir region with an area of about 4#0 s;uare 4m =74 tiles>% 'uch a big digital side model needs a tiled processing and calculation% /n overview of all tiles as a grid map has been produced%

&.

!ata import and preparing calculation model

Bith assistance of a colleague from 3*' department we selected the re;uired layers and e)port them from 5icro'tation as d)f-files individually% 6est results are e)pected if data-conversion from 5icro'tation to 'ound"./- is done by direct import from the d)finterface% /gainst first doubts it is possible to transfer not only the cartographic data of the ob2ects but also the appending table information =characteristics> on this way% The elevation points are imported by the /'!**-interface in a geo-file spot height% Bhole elevation model of *+mir agglomeration n is divided in 4 parts =files>% /ll steps of data conversion were recorded by the colleagues of *+mir administration% -e)t step is to use street boundaries to which elevation information are assigned for refinement of the elevation model and the calculation of the D35 =digital ground model> by 'ound"./-% The buildings divided in residential and au)iliary buildings, schools and hospitals are put on the elevation model% The relative heights of the buildings are determined from the floor numbers or the roof heights%

*n addition, double buildings =which can appear in the tile edges> were deleted by an automatic tool implemented in 'ound"./-% 0urthermore the information on roof constructions should be filtered out% /ll components for the calculation model of the area under investigation are put together as geo-files%

0inally it is recommended to chec4 the calculation model in G-D-view in geometry module of 'ound"./-% *n some cases it can be necessary to chec4 the building and street data in real%

0or an analysis on affected people further input data were necessary@ -o computer aided data were available concerning the numbers of inhabitants living in each building% *t was supposed to distribute the number of inhabitants with an e;ual 4ey on all dwellings% :ntil ade;uate data are available a default value of G,2 inhabitants per dwelling was used for the calculation% 0ollowing recommendation is given@ 0or big pro2ects li4e this it is very helpful to assign an *D and the address to all buildings =not yet done>% This *D should be the same as it is used in the 3*'% *f updating the building data it is a great advantage to use the same building-*D in 5icro'tation and in 'ound"./-%

:nfortunately the centre lines of the ma2or roads are not contained in the *+mir-3*', so that these had to be digiti+ed in 'ound"./-% /dditional to the width of the roads, also the number of lanes, the type of pavement and the emission characteristics of the traffic =volume, separated according to motor vehicle types, and speeds> had to be assessed and put into the system% Due to the local 4nowledge of the colleagues from the administration the noiserelevant road sections can be specified% *f ne)t time additional, more e)act or more current input data is available, these can be transferred to the computation model without big e)penditure% This will lead to more detailed results% &. Traffic data and daily course

*n the pro2ect on &automated traffic censuses( of the :niversity of *+mir the traffic characteristics of five different road sections in the investigation area were count separately for each direction of the road% The temporal course of traffic on these roads shows a big statistical correspondence and has been imported into the 'ound"lan library% 'o it is possible to use counting results about only one hour for determination of the daily traffic on this road section%

<n the basis of these counting, representative hours are determined for the rest of the roads in the investigated roads% !ounting of the hourly traffic has been done on roads in *+mir where traffic information are missed% These short manual counting =cross-section@ ?9%00 I ?7%00 o1cloc4> of traffic volumes should sei+ed and by means of the available distribution pro2ected to the entire day% 6ased on the results gained in the university1s study and on counting conducted by the administration the share of heavy duty vehicles for all roads in the test area are determinedD on this local 4nowledge is very helpful% The main streets are digiti+ed and traffic data and road-preferences li4e number of lanes and surface are filled in% 0inally bridges and underpass as special road situations must be digiti+ed manual% *nformation of the elevation e)ists at layer # =street edges>%

(.

)alculation and e*aluation

/fter all input data were e)amined =if complete and correct the calculation run of road noise e)tension can be started by the 'ound"lan calculation module% The computation has been done by the : interim method -5"6 I 7outes I 99 =&3uide du 6ruit(>% 0or calculation the area under investigation and the .D - and .- =2G o1cloc4 I 7 o1cloc4> as the wanted assessment characters have been chosen% The following settings for calculation are important for accuracy and needed time for calculation run@ - number of reflections@ ?D reflection depth@ 0 - ma)% search radius@ #00 m =in low densely settled area@ ?%#00 m> - tolerance =accuracy>@ 0,F d6=/> - meteorology@ #0 I 70 I ?00 =day - evening - night> (. Grid Noise Maps

The results of the calculation produced by graphics as a grid map show the assessment level and either at grid points =?0)?0m space> in the surroundings of the main roads% They are represented in coloured features separated in the # d6 classes =orange for lower level over red to blue for high noise level> on 4 m height above ground%

(.&

+a,ade Noise Maps

0or this all facades of residential buildings =own geo-file> need to be enabled =mar4 them all>% The facades which are shorter than ? m have to be e)cluded so they are not calculated% !omputation is done by setting one receiver on 4 m above the ground at the centre of each faJade of residential buildings%

The time needed for the calculation of noise propagation and the faade noise map for first Izmir investigation area on PC amounts to nearl one da for each! this is not reall ver long for a densel populated area "ith a great number of road sections. It is recommended to distribute computation on several PCs #CP$% connected at net"or& so time for calculation is considerable shortened. 'or this onl (oundPL)N demo versions are necessar . (.( Graphic preparation

"reparation of the results ta4es place with the module graphic from 'ound"./-% 0or different calculation results of the grid map and the front-referred evaluation analysis layout defaults are wor4ed out% /ny new calculated area in every adapted scale can be put inside of these templates% 0inally a table for e)ample e)posed inhabitants, dwellings, schools and hospitals affected by noise can be provided% -. .utlook

"reparing one by one tile li4e the shown way it leads to a calculation model of entire *+mir metropolitan area% The whole system is able for e)panding the investigated area or for implementing other noise sources li4e railway or air traffic issues% /nd it is prepared for assigning new and up-to-date input data, especially needed about inhabitants and traffic volume%

3erd Biechers, 3ermany I December 2007 9